非谓语动词语法讲解

1、非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种： 1、动词不定式： to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词： done 二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneing 形式主动doinghaving done被动being doneha

2、ving been done过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never.即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关

3、系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do;同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析 )a good form暗示泛指一般的行为

4、，用动名词作主语，选Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It s important for us to learn English well.It s kind of you to help us._注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It s no good / use doing sth.It s useless doing .sthThere is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：My job

5、is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English是 my job 的内容 )Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）2、 分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise ( 使某人吃惊 )， surprising ( 令人吃惊 )， surprised ( 主语 )感到吃惊）类似动词有： excite ( 激动 )， astonish ( 惊

6、奇 )， shock (震惊 )， scare (惊恐 )，disappoint ( 失望 )， move（感动），如： The movie is exciting.We are excited at the news.3、在 seem / appear (似乎，好像 )， prove/ turn out (被证明是 )， remain ( 仍然是，尚待 )等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.非谓语动词练习题精选1.She pretendedme when I passed by.A. not to seeB.not seeingC.

7、 to not seeD.having not seen2. -Have you decided when?-Yes, tomorrow morning.A. to leaveB.to be leavingC.will you leaveD.are you leaving3.Last summer I took a course on.A.how to make dressesB.how to be made dressedC.how dresses be madeD.how dresses to be madeA.to never driveB.never drivingC.never to

8、 driveD.never drive5.They knew her very well. They had seen herup from childhood.A.growB.grewC.was growingD.to grow6.John was madethe truck for a week as a punishment.A.washingB.to washC.washD.to be washing7. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to.A.sitB.sit onC.be satD .

9、be sat on8.It is easythese questions.A.answerB.to be answeredC.for answeringD.for her to answer9._is easier than doing.A.To talkB.TalkC.TalkingD.Talks10.Don't forgetyour lawyer this weekend.A.meetingB.to meetC.having metD.met11.I am afraid I forgetyou before.A.to meet B.meetingC.meetD.met12.My p

10、en is rather old, but it is all right for me to.A.writeB.write withC.be writtenD.be written with13.He doesn't knowto say or not.A.ifB.eitherC.whetherD.if he will14.The doctor advisesless andmore exercise.A.to eat ; to takeB.eating; to takeC.eating; takingD.to eat ;taking15.-What are you going to

11、 do this afternoon?-I'm thinking ofto visit my aunt.A.goB.goingC.having goneD.my going16.The deer was lucky that it just missed.A.catchingB.to be caughtC.being caughtD.to catch17.You should keep onEnglish every day.A.to practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practising to speakD.practising s

12、peaking18.The student doesn't mindwhen he speaks English.A. A.being laughedB.being laughed atC.to be laughedD.laughing at19.The sentence needs.A.improveB.improvingC.improvedD.an improvement20.Have you used abag?A.sleeping B.sleepC.asleepD.slept21.Little Tom could do nothing but.A.waitedB.waiting

13、C.waitD.to wait22._made her mother angry.A.Helen's married JackB.Helen's marrying JackC.Helen's has married JackD.Helen's marrying with Jack23.The problem is worth.A.discussingB.to discussC.discussedD.to be discussed24.He has never spent aday.A.more worryB.most worryingC.more worryin

14、gD.most worry25.Most of the peopleto the party were famous scientists.A.invitedB.to invitedC.being invitedD.inviting26.The news sounds.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.to encourage27.-Good morning.Can I help you?-I'd like to have this package, madam.A.be weighedB.to be weighedC.to weighD.we

15、ighed28._anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A.Not knownB.Known notC.KnowingD.Not knowing29._to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.A.Having not been invitedB.Not having been invitedC.Having not invitedD.Not having invited30._by a policeman, the children crossed the street safely.A.To

16、 leadB.LeadC.LeadingD.Led31.The boy _a blue jacket is John's brother.A.wearB.woreC.wearingD.wears32._English is quite different from written English.A.SpokenB.SpeakC.SpokeD.Speaking33.He is from an_country.A.English-spokenB.English-speakingC.speaking-EnglishD.English-speak34._their lessons, they

17、 went to the cinema.A.FinishingB.Had finishedC.FinishedD.Having finished35._he had won the first prize, he felt very happy.A.KnowB.KnownC.KnowingD.Being known36.36.As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowersby her mother.A.buyingB.being boughtC.were boughtD.bought37.The old

18、 scientist has been invited to a party _ next Monday evening.A.holdingB.holdC.being heldD.to be held38.The buildingnow will be used as our reading room.A.builtB.to be builtC.being builtD.is built39.I advisedat once.A.him to startingB.him to startC.to startingD.to start40.You shouldn't allowgames

19、 near the classroom, for it's too noisy.A.student playingB.to playC.students to playD.to playing41.The students are kept busytheir lessons.A.to reviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.on reviewing42.I knew he didn't listen to me, but I went onto get himin the proposal.A.hoping; interestingB.to hope; inte

20、resting C.hoping; interestD.hoping; interested43.We can't get the car.We need someoneus.A.A.to go; to helpB.going; to helpC.going; helpingD.gone; helping44.I prefer to watchfootball.A.to playB.to playingC.rather than playD.than to play45.The day we had looked forward toat last.A.comingB.comeC.ca

21、meD.comes46.I hope you'll succeedthis task.A.finishes B.to finish C.finishD.in finishing47.He couldn't open the front door, so he triedthe back door.A.pushB.to pushC.pushedD.pushing48.I don't want that sort of thingA.keep happenB.keep happeningC.to keep happenD.to keep happening49.My wat

22、ch wants.It doesn'tthe right time.A.to repair; tellB.being repaired; say C.repairing; speakD.repairing; tell50.The doctor advised him to give up,but he refusedso.A.to smoke; doingB.smoking; to doC.to smoke; to doD.smoking; doing51._very small, computers are widely used.A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being52._many times, but he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB.He had been toldC.Though he had been toldD.Having told53._to the left and you'll