语法非谓语动词 (2)

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有每年高考至少有1道题。道题。不仅如此，掌不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能法功能(在句中充当何种成分在句中充当何种成分)：主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补动动名名词词不不定定式式分分词词现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：考点考点1：作主语：作主语表示一般

2、的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing形形式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。式。考点考点2：作表语：作表语(1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等等-ing分词表示分词表示“令人令人的的(事物事物)”；像；像puzzled, surprised, excited等等-ed分词分词表示表示“(人人)感到感到的的”。 考点考点3：作宾语：作宾

3、语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。等。(类类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。等。(类似动词和短语动词还有类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补

4、上哪些？请补上)(3) 在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need, want和和require等等后用后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。用不定式的被动式。 (4)在在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意注意to是介词是介词的短语，如的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习习惯于惯于), contribu

5、te to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。等。(6)含介词的固定句式：含介词的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻阻止止做做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做在做方面花费方面花费/浪费时间或金钱浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在在做做方面有些困难方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难做某事很艰

6、难there is no sense in doing做做是没有理由是没有理由/道理的道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除除外外”的介词的介词but和和except后，有时可接后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词；前面没有行为动词do时，要带时，要带to。考点考点4：作宾补：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式系时，用不定式(未来或全过程未来或全过程)或或-ing形式形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态正在进行或一直处于某

7、种状态)；当宾语与；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：点：(1)在在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。(2)在在help后作宾补的不定式带不带后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。均可。(3)在在make, let, have等使役动词和等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补

8、，但在其被动式后作主语补足的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上语时，要加上to。(4)在在with的宾语后，若用的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语形式，表示宾语与与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与形式，表示宾语与-ing形形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某使某人做某事事(主动、将来主动、将来); get/havedoing使使处于某一处于某

9、一状态中状态中(主动、持续主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请请人做人做/遭受遭受(被动被动)。(6) make oneself 后常用后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让让自己讲的话被别人听到自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到让自己被别人看到/让自让自己被别人认识。己被别人认识。考点考点5：作状语：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关

10、系，用-ing形式，若形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。形式。(2)不定式作状语不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还；也还用于用于t

11、ooto, enough to, so/suchas to等固定结构中。等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。果关系。(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。的不定式可以放在句首。(6) 在在“连词连词(如如when, while, if, th

12、ough等等)+分词分词”结构中，当分词与结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，形式，是被动关系时用是被动关系时用-ed形式。形式。考点考点6：作定语：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示之后的名词，表示“有有要要”；或修饰；或修饰“the+序数词序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用形式，是被动

13、关系时用-ed形式。形式。考点考点7：特殊句式：特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何何不做某事呢？不做某事呢？had better (not) do sth.最好最好(不不)做某事做某事would rather (not) do sth.宁愿宁愿(不不)做某事做某事would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 宁做宁做A事不做事不做B事事考点考点8：独

14、立结构：独立结构(1) -ing形式的独立成分：形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根根据据判断判断), generally speaking(一般说来一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来严格说来), frankly speaking(坦坦率地说率地说)等。等。(2)不定式的独立结构：不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和和你说实话吧你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的情况更糟的是是)等。等。(3)用作介词或连词的用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，考虑到，就就而言而言)和和given(考虑

15、到考虑到)后接名词或后接名词或that从句。从句。解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种

16、形式。辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。另外，在确定用另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用形式还是用-ed形式，用形式，用to do还是用还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句充当句子成分子成分宾语宾语 表语表语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补逻辑逻辑主语主语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰所修饰的词的词句子的句子的宾语宾语例例1t

17、he proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东年广东)思路分析：因句中已有谓语思路分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；应是谓语动词；“帮助帮助禾苗长禾苗长”是是“将禾苗拨起来将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，

18、故填状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。例例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东年广东)思路分析：因句中已有谓语思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，可知，me与与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填故填settled。考点击破考点击破一、单句填空：一、单句填空：用括号中所给

19、动词的适当形式填用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁辽宁)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We don

20、t allow _(smoke) here. (江苏江苏) Walking arguing seated smoking 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西陕西)6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, tw

21、o-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西陕西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南湖南)accepting to stop workingto be repaired living 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted

22、 _(not take) his advice! (安徽安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南湖南)11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国全国)12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are

23、accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏江苏)not taking getting being opened and closed not talking 13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重庆重庆)14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _

24、(walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建福建)marking setting walking passing 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prev

25、ent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全国全国)19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全国全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海上海)watching happening finding admit 21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (

26、全国全国)22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全国全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全国全国)burning running burning carried out 25. To learn English wel

27、l, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. (江苏江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海上海) 28. My ad

28、visor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京北京) spoken interested to be made to take 29. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. (全国全国)31. The m

29、other felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. (全国全国) feel grow grow to learn 33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mi

30、nd, I almost break down. (福建福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海上海)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for

31、the meeting. (全国全国)filling finished to settle pick 37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽安徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建福建)39. Helen had to sho

32、ut to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西广西)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川四川)fixed improved heard saying 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南湖南)42.

33、_(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安安徽徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建福建)mov

34、ing Walking Having waited Blamed 45. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西陕西)46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国全国)47. You were silly not _(lock) your car. (湖南湖南)48. I like getting

35、up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). (宁夏宁夏) to be told making to have locked to breathe 49. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南湖南)50. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江

36、西江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. (四川四川)52. When _(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江浙江)To complete asked watered comparing 53. The last one _(arrive) pays the meal. Agree!

37、(全国全国)54. The trees _(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南湖南)55. Can those _ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建福建)56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西广西)to arrive blown seated forming 57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全全国国)Why not _(visit) her this weekend?58. _ (search) the website