4-3unit3表语从句

1、Unit 3 GrammarPredicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句什么叫做表语？什么叫做表语？ He is a student. The problem seems puzzling. He is in heavy debt. Her job is taking care of the children. Tom is here. 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）

2、之后。系动词系动词：1: be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,fall5: prove证明证明, turn out 1.表语从句的定义表语从句的定义The question is who will do it.The question is difficult.（ 表表 ）表语从句表语从句（ 表表 ）2.

3、表语从句的构成表语从句的构成主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 引导词引导词 + 简单句简单句This is why he did it.表语从句放在表语从句放在连系动词连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。之后，充当复合句中的表语。The question is who will do it.连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though (if不引导不引导表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because表语从句引导词表语

4、从句引导词 ：1. that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 1）that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常常不可省略不可省略。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2)主语主语(名词名词)+be+that引起的表语从句引起的表语从句主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth ;表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea, opinion, bel

5、ief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem.表示事实，真理的名词，如：表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth ;The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦等的名词，如表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦等的名词，如idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advic

6、e, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem. 其中其中表表“建议，劝说，命令建议，劝说，命令”的名词的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形动词原形”（虚拟语气虚拟语气），），should可省略可省略My request is that you should hand in your paper beforeFriday.My suggesstion is that we (should) start

7、 early tomorrow.2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注注意：意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether it is worth doing.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.3.what, which, who,

8、whom, whose引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接代词连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、宾语、表中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。语、定语，且各有各的词义。e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thi

9、ng is whose name should be put on the top of the list.e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接副词连接副词where, when,

10、why, how除在句中起连接作除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式状语，本身用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式状语，本身具有词义。具有词义。 5. as if, as though 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等等后面后面.从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气;如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be的话变成的话变成were

11、。主句是一般过去时，。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时)。 The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall.(与事实不符) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.(与事实相符) 6. because/why引导的表语从句引导的表语从句because/why引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because/why”结构中。结构中。He failed in the exam. Thats because he

12、didnt work hard enough.He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 强调结果强调结果强调原因强调原因The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意注意: reason 做主语时，表语从句只能用做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导引导, 不能用不能用why 引导。句型引导。句型结构为：结构为： The reason (why/for)is

13、/was that. The reason is thatthatThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning that, why 与与 because 引导表语从句时的区别引导表语从句时的区别 虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但但 that 没有词义，而没有词义，而 why 和和 because 有自己的意思有自己的意思； 另外，虽然 why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，前者强调结果，后者强调原因后者强调原因。如： The reason was that you dont trust her. The fact is that they are angry with each other. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 小结：小结：1. 表语从表语从句句的构成的构成: 主语主语+系动词系动词+引导词引导词+简单句简单句2. 引导词引导词: 连词