定语从句语法总结

1、精品文档定语从句语法总结介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定， 该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。以下是为大家整理分享的定语从句语法总结。定语从句语法总结一几个基本概念 1. 定语从句的定义： 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。3. 定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。4. 引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。（ 1）关系代词： that/who/whom/which/as（ 2）关系副词： when/where/why5. 引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。6. 引导词的功能（作用） ：（ 1）连接先行

2、词和定语从句。（ 2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7. 定语从句的类型：（ 1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创1 / 7精品文档The man who you re talking to is my friend. 由介词 +关系代词（ whom/which ）引导 The man to whom you re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I

3、 need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：Theman (who/whom/that)Italkedaboutatthemeeting is from Beijing University.=Theman about whomI talkedat the meeting is fromBeijing University.Thepalace(which/that)I oftenpay a visitto wasbuilt in the 1

4、7th century.=Thepalace towhich Ioftenpay a visitwas builtin the 17th century.（ 2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 直接由引导词引导定语从句。 由介词 +关系代词（ whom/which ）引导。I live in a house far away from the city, in frontof which is a big tree.2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创2 / 7精品文档There is an apple tree standing at the

5、gate, onwhich are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book. 由“代词/ 名词 +of+whom/which”或“of which/whom+名词/代词”(先行词指人用 whom,指物用 which) 引导。 One, some, any,all, both, several, many, most, neither, either数词、分数或百分比与of whom 或 of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad.(比较： He has five

6、children, and two of them areabroad.)Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichinteresting.none,等词、is/are(比较： Wehave threebooks,butnone ofthem is/areinteresting.)除 why 和 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。1. 在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。2. 非限定性定语从句的作用： 它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。Theengineer,whose leg was bad

7、ly hurt,was quickly2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创3 / 7精品文档sent to hospital.（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）3. 在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内） 。指人做主语时只能用 who, 做宾语时用 whom; 要学习网 - 中学生最喜欢的学习 论坛； 网址手机 版 地址指物做主语，宾语都用

8、 which; 关系副词用 when 或 where ，也不能省略。The man, _ is sitting on the chair, is myfather.The woman, _ I met yesterday, is my Englishteacher.The city, _ is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, _ his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday, _ I left, too.4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：The house, whose window

9、 faces south, is mine. =The house, the window of which faces south, is2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创4 / 7精品文档mine. The house, of which the window faces south, ismine.二 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。Doyouknow thegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在

10、定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。Theman (whom/who/that)I spoke withis my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.注： 固定的动词短语 （动词 +介词）如 look for,t

11、akecare of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创5 / 7精品文档Sheistherightgirl(who/whom/that)we arelooking for.3.whose:指人或物， 是所有格 “的” 形式。 Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose 不能省略。 Whose+n. = the+ of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.Ididn t findthe desk whose leg was brok

12、en.+n.（主语）He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.（动宾）Theboss in whose company I work is very kind.（介宾）4.which/that指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。 当作介宾时：介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词which( 指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which) 。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.The

13、 pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.2016 全新精品资料 - 全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创6 / 7精品文档The games (that/which) the young men competed inwere difficult.The games in which the young men competed weredifficult.注 : 介词 +关系代词即介词+whom/which( 先行词指人用 whom，指物用 which) 。 5.as 指人或物， 在定语从句中可作主语， 宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 “ the same as； such as； so as ； as as ； as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。要用 as 代替 who(m),which,或 that引导定语从句：Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.The