2017高考英语人教版一轮复习选修6Unit4讲义

1、Book 6 Unil 1一- Global warming话题晨背积累写作素材【话题词汇】1. environmentally friendly 环保的2. pollutant n.污染物3. recycle v.回收4. non-renewable adj.不可再生的5. disastrous adj.灾难性的6. alternative energy 替代能源7. endangered species濒危物种8. limited natural resources 有限的自然资源9. global warming 全球变暖10. arouse people' s awarenes

2、s of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识【经典语篇】你所在的班级正在准备办一期英语墙报，主题为“保护环境，控制污染”，请你根据以下要点写一篇英语短文。1 .工业快速发展的同时也造成了环境污染；2 .增强环保意识和控制人口增长可以减少污染；3 .号召人们共同努力，参与环保。注意：1.词数100左右；4 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。佳作欣赏We are happy to see that the world economy is developing fast , but with the fast development( of industry com

3、e different kinds of pollution .We have been surrounded by polluted air , water andsoil.It is clear that they have become the problems which worry nearly everyone and the governmentHow to prevent pollution ? We must both strengthen people; s sense of environmental protection and control the increase

4、 of population.We should know that destroying the environment means destroying our own home the earth.I hope all the people in the world will join hands to protect the environment.Only in this way will we have a good future.思维发散】1 .将第句改为正常语序Different kinds of pollution come with the fast development

5、 of industry.2 .将第句改为简单句They have become the problems worrying nearly everyone and the government.3 .仿照第句用倒装句完成句子只有认真观察每个雨滴是怎样汇成小溪的，你才能理解如何用许多小的成就实现梦想。Only by watching how each raindrop comes down in a stream can you understand how it takes many small accomplishments to realize a dream.自主排查夯实基础知识I .

6、重点单词A.写作单词1. quantity (n.)数量； 量2. steady (adj.)平稳的；持续的；稳固的3. widespread (adj.)分布广的；普遍的4. average (adj.)平均的5. circumstance (n.)环境； 情况6. oppose (vt.)反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed (adj.)反对的； 对立的7. tendency (n.)倾向；趋势tend (v.)趋向；易于；照顾8. educator (n.)教育家；教育工作者educate (vt.)教育education (n.)教育9. contribution ( n.)贡献c

7、ontribute (v.)贡献10. pollution ( n.)污染；弄脏pollute (vt.)污染11. consume (vt.)消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer (n.)消费者；用户；消耗者consumption (n.)消耗(量)12. state (vt.)陈述；说明statement (n.)陈述，声明B.阅读单词13. advocate (vt.)拥护；提倡；主张；(n.)拥护者，支持者，提倡者14. graph (n.)图表；坐标图；曲线图15. random (adj.)胡乱的； 任意的16. fuel (n.)燃料17. data (n.)资料；数据18.

8、catastrophe (n.)大灾难：浩劫19. mild (adj.)温和的：温柔的:淡的20. consequence (n.)后果； 结果； 影响21. range (n.)种类：范围22. glance (vi.)扫视；看一下；(n.)一瞥23. existence (n.)生存： 存在24. casual (adj.)随便的； 漫不经心的； 偶然的25. phenomenon (n.)现象phenomena (n.)现象(复数)26. subscribe (vi.)同意； 捐赠； 订阅；(vt.)签署(文件)； 捐助subscriber (n.)订阅人，订购者subscriptio

9、n (n.)订阅费.订购27. commitment (n.)承诺；交抨；信奉commit (vt.)和罪用昔)； 承诺： 保证； 交抨28. growth ( n.)增长；牛长grow (vt.& vi.)种植：牛长29. electrical (adj.)申，的； 与申,有关的electric (adj.)申，的，用中,操作的electronic (adj.)电子的electricity ( n.)苴30. refresh (vt.)使恢复； 使振作； 使想起refreshing (adj.)使人精神振奋的refreshed (adj.)感到神清气爽 的refreshment (n

10、.)心旷神怡，恢复精神31. disagreement (n.)分歧；不一致disagree (vi.)不同意agreement (n.)同意；协议agree (vi.)同意n .重点短语1. come about发牛; 造成2. subscribe to同意；赞成；订购3. quantities of 大量的4. go up上升:增长；升起5. result in 导致6. be opposed to 反对7. even if 即使8. keep on 继续9. on the whole 大体上； 基本上10. on behalf of代表一方；作为的代言人11. put up with 忍

11、受:容忍12. and so on等等;诸如此类出.经典句式1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，并且全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。2. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other

12、greenhouse gases , the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在 （未来）几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会 持续转暖。3. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so 10ng as you are using it if not: turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！4. It takes a 10t of energy to make thing

13、s from new materials , so, if you can , buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料来制作物品要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物 品吧。IV .课文语法填空1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is a fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming 2.orwhether

14、it is just a natural phenomenon.Many scientists like Dr.Janice Foster believe that people have caused 3.the increase in the earth' s temperature by burning fossil fuels like coal , natural gas and oil to produce energy whose by-products 4.are called(call) “greenhouse“gases, the most important on

15、e 5.being(be) carbondioxide.These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth , without 6.which the earth would be about thirty- three degrees Celsius cooler 7.than it is.But 8.increased(increase) amount of extra carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere c

16、ausing the global temperature to go up.9. On the other hand , scientists like George Hambley believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences and more carbon dioxide is 10.actually(actual) a positive thing.边讲边练突破核心考点细讲必考词汇1. quantity n.数量； 量应试指导主谓一致的考查in quantity 大量quant

17、ities of +名词+复数谓语动词 许多受数名词+复数谓语动词a quantity of + 5大量不可数名词+单数谓语动词 Quantities of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong.大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。(2)My brother bought a large quantity of books.我弟弟买了大量的书。【多维训练】(1)单句语法填空A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday. Large quant

18、ities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.一Why does the river around the village smell terrible?Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute) already.(2)完成句子 It' s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity( 大量地).There are large quantities of(大量的)rain in this area.

19、2. opposevt反对；反抗；与(某人 般量(to disagree with)oppose doing sth.反对做某事be opposed to 反对as opposed to而;相对于(1)The king couldn ' t bear anyone to oppose him. 国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。(2)The father is opposed tohis son' s marriage.父亲反对儿子的婚事。多维训练】(1)单句语法填空 His daughter is very athletic as opposed (oppose) to his so

20、n.She js very much opposed(oppose) to your marrying her. He opposed building(build) a new hall.(2)同义句改写The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it.( 用 with 复 合结构改写)With a lot of people opposing/opposed to the new proposal 、 the government postponed it.3. rang

21、e n.种类；范围；v.排列；涉及(1 a range of系歹U beyond/out of one ' s range/the range of sb.超出某人的范围in/within the range of 在范围之内2 range from.to. 从到之间变化(1)It' s beyond/out of the range of my ability.这件事超出了我的能力范围。(2)There are 120 students whose ages range from 10 to 18.有120名学生，年龄在 10到18之间。多维训练】(1)单句语法填空The e

22、xchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging(range) from kindergarten to high school. We have a range of men' s shirts on special offer.(2)完成句子该物体进入了我的视野。It came in/within the range of my vision.我爱好广泛。I have a wide range of hobbies.4. average adj.(无比较级 升均的；平常的；n.平均

23、；平均数；一般水平；平均标准an average of平均有(后跟数词jthe average of.的平均数on(an/the)average 平均； 一般地above/below (theaverage在平均水平以上/以下up to average达至U平均数It' s said that the paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.据说这个报社平均每天要收到接近一百来篇稿件。(2) On average, vegetarians are slimmer than meat eaters.一般来说，素食者比肉

24、食者更有“型”。(3)These marks are well above/below average.这些分数远在一般水平以上/以下。特别提醒“an average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；而 "the average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。【多维训练】(1)单句语法填空 The average of these numbers js (be) 50.An average of 10 students were/are(be) absent each day. On average we receive ten letters each day.

25、(2)完成句子With the help of the teacher, Mary ' s physics is now up to the average(现在已达至U平均水平 ).5. circumstance n.环境； 情况应试指导(1)under no circumstances置于句首日倒装；(2)circumstance作为先行词时定语从句引导词的考查in/under no circumstances 决不(=never)in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下if cir

26、cumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。（2）I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。特别提醒抽象地点名词， 如：point, stage, case, situation , condition , position, activity , race, competiti

27、on , system, job, scene, life , occasion, environment, circumstance 等作先行词时,用 where 引导。 多维训练】（1）单句语法填空 It' s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.（2）完成句子 Under no circums

28、tances must you leave the house（必须离开房子 ）. You must not mention your colleagues under any circumstances（在任何 f#况下 ）. Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more , if circumstances allow/permit（ 如果情况允 许）.6. come about 发生（happen 造成应试指导作为高级词汇替换 happenIt comes/came about that.发生。How does it come

29、about that. ? 是怎样发生的？come across偶遇；被理解when it comes to.当谈到 come up with想出（主意）；找到（答案）（1）As a result of carelessness, the project collapse came about in the last spring.去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了工程的坍塌。（2）When it comes to diet and exercise, we know what to do , but we don' t do what we know.当谈及饮食和锻炼时我们知道怎么做，但是

30、我们不那样做。特别提醒come about相当于 happen或 occur, 均无被动形式。多维训练】(1)单句语法填空一What on earth are the police busy with?They have been looking into how the plane crash came about. How does it come about that you were caught by the police?(2)短语填空come up with , come across, come about The meaning of this word will come

31、across to you sooner or later.That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year.To some extent, what you came up with is practical.精练7. subscribe to同意，赞成；订购；捐助多维训练】写出下列句子中 subscribe to的汉语意思(1)Are you going to subscribe to the opera this season ?订购(2)How much did you subscribe to the disaster fun

32、d ? 捐助(3)Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy ? 同意. 赞成8. on behalf of(= on one' s behalf * 表一方；作为 的代言人多维训练】选词填空on behalf of, stand for, represent(1)What does ATM stand for?(2)I apologize to you on behalf of the hotel.(3)Union officials representing the teachers me

33、t the government today.9. put up with容忍；忍受多维训练】短语填空put up with , put aside, put off, put down , put up(1)On Christmas Eve , we put up some balloons to add to the festival atmosphere.(2)Considering your salary , you should put aside at least 100 dollars a week.(3)Having been told that it was going to

34、 snow , the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.(4)The little boy always listens to the teacher very carefully in class.He can put down almost every word his Chinese teacher says.（5）Hong Kong residents say they can no longer put up with the ongoing Occupy Central protes

35、ts which greatly influenced their daily life and local business.突破经典句型10 .It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not, turn it off !,只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！句型公式：so long as引导条件状语从句 so long as (as long as要，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可译为“长达,和一样长，和一样长久”。They believe I

36、can succeed next time as long as I work harder.他们相信只要我更加努力学习下次我就能成功。（2）The desk is as long asfive metres.这张桌子长达5米。多维训练】（1）写出下列句子中 as long as的汉语意思As long as she did this, all would be well.只要 This ruler is as long as that one.和样长（2） What are you going to do this afternoon?I' ll probably go for a

37、walk later on so/as 10ng as it stays fine（ 只要天直好的话 ）.（3）单句改错So we can do this directly as long as we will have certain types of information. 去掉 will在高考语境中提升解题技能I .语境填词1. In its early history , Chicago had floods（洪水）frequently , especially in the spring , making thestreets so muddy that people, horse

38、s, and carts got stuck.（2015 湖南）2. Such random（随机，的）acts of consideration will have your neighbors talking and the talk will begood.（2014 浙；江）3. All around the world , we can see the consequences后果）of this throwaway lifestyle.（2015 安徽）4. Fish-keeping is a widespread（ 普遍的）hobby and the keeper can obs

39、erve their behavior in theglass tank and study its entire life cycle.（2013 陕西）5. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 C above ° the average（平 均）.（2015重庆）n .单句语法填空1. There is no doubt that you can get along well with them.（2014 天津）2. The interest is less in the

40、phenomena（phenomenon） themselves, but in uncertainty.（2013 重庆）3. Without gravity to help circulate air , the carbon dioxide you exhale（呼气）has °a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head.（2015 湖北）4. Literature , classic literature , is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you mig

41、ht find many an hour of rest and refreshment（refresh） . （2014 福建）5. 一 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have.It was in our village that it was made.（2011 重庆）6. Instead, it' s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth（grow） and forgi

42、veness.（2015 全国 D 7. The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence（exist） , from stone tools to modern technology.（2012 浙江）8. I have been consistently opposed to feeding（feed） a baby regularly.（2012 广东）9. They have recorded all lost objects ranging（range） from pot

43、atoes to golf gloves.（2014 广东）10. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.（2015 四加I ）出.短语填空result in , even if, on the whole , on behalf of, put up with , so 10ng as1. On the whole : Brooks' s story is acceptable if uninspired.（2015 湖北）2. I ca

44、n put up with the house being untidy , but I hate it if it ' s not clean.（2011 新课标全国）3. Once, I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.（2015 陕西）4. You can write anything relevant so long as it ' s interesting and informative.（2015 全国

45、D5. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.（2014 湖北）6. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful , it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.（2014 福建）IV .完成句子1 .创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。Creating an atmosphere in which

46、/where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.（2015 浙江）2 .只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。One' s life has value as 10ng as one brings value to the life of others.（2012 江苏）3 .这种独特的作品不同于今天的流行艺术，即使它们开始时是作为流行艺术出现的。Unique works of this kind are different from today ' s popular art, even if t

47、hey began as works of popular art.（2015 重庆）4 .巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.（2015 重庆）5 .公园里非常拥挤，所以我们花了很多时间才找到一个可用的位置。The park was crowded , so it took us some time to find an available site

48、.（2014 3胡d匕） 微写作.【写作素材】（关于环保）1 .不同的科学家对全球变暖有不同的看法。2 .有些科学家同意全球变暖是个灾难。3 .全球气温不断增长可能会导致洪水、干旱和饥荒。4 .其他科学家反对这种观点，认为这种变暖会很 温和。5 .它不会在环境方面导致严重的后果。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用that引导的同位语从句，现在分词短语作状【连句成篇】（将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文）Different scientists have diferent opinions on global warming.Some scientists subscribe to

49、the view that global warming will be acatastrophe.The global temperature goes up steadily： which results in floods. drought and famines.Others are opposed to this . saying the warming will be mild with no severe environmental consequences练出高分I .阅读理解nsanizjed by：EnyiroHmeiU FundSupNn配 by：/ 口阿、 (Energ

50、y Agency ；Sponsored byif HydrvMnx Snlutijnj;.M TeflonEnvironment Awareness WeekRegal Convention Centre , Halls 1 42430 March 2015 10： 00 am9: 00 pmFree admission for all!Save the environment, Save our futureOur environment needs help.With the participation of more than 50 organizations.Environment A

51、wareness Week is the biggest public education event dedicated to environmental protection and conservation.Don ' t miss it! Come and know more about:The Threats to Earth (Hall 1)What is global warming ? How serious is pollution ? Learn about different environmental problems from our university s

52、tudents.Protect our environment!The Search for Renewable Energy (Hall 2) Can we get electricity from wind , solar energy, waves, rivers and underground heat ? Get the answers from Solar Ace , Teflon , Touch Wind Resources and other participants.The Quest for Freshwater (Hall 3)Is the shortage of fre

53、shwater worsening ? What are Singapore; s solutions for treating wastewater ? Hear from Flow Technologies, HydroMax Solutians and other participants.The 3 Rs to Save Earth (Hall 4) How can we REDUCE , REUSE and RECYCLE to cut down household wastes? Find out from the Global Gaia Network , Green Earth

54、 Foundation and other participants.For more information , please call Mr.Philip Koh at 6553 1188 , send an email to Mrs.Daisy Soh at daisy.sohief.Org or visit the event ' s website at http: //eaw.1. The organizer of the event is .A . Global Gaia NetworkB . Clean Energy AgencyC. Green

55、Earth FoundationD . International Environment Fund答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据图片中提到"Organized by International Environment Fund ”可知由国际环保基金会组织，故选 D项。2. What' s the purpose of a Environment Awareness Week" ?A . To educate people about environment protection.B . To advertise for environmental friendly

56、 products.C. To make money by attracting visitors.D . To support environment protection.答案 A解析 细节理解题。 根据 Save the environment, Save our future 中提至U的 a Environment AwarenessWeek is the biggest public education event dedicated to environmental protection and conservation.” 可知目的是让人们保护环境，故选A项。3. The “3

57、Rs” stand for .A . Read, Realize and RememberB . Reduce, Reuse and RecycleC. Green Earth FoundationD . Global Gaia Network答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到 “How can we REDUCE , REUSE and RECYCLE to cutdown household wastes?”可知3 Rs是减少、再利用和再循环，故选 B项。BIt is certain that when the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August,79 AD , it caught the local population unprepared.It is mainly thanks to the account of the younger Pliny that we have some understanding of what happen