Roundingoutthepaper

1、Rounding out the paper1.First draftUnder normal circumstances, the following should be done when writing thew first draft:1) Prepare an outlineDraw up an outline before writing the paper and follow it.2) Prepare adequate materialsPrepare and have readily available the required writingmaterials.Suffi

2、cient material is the basic guarantee for paper writing.3) Write as you thinkOnce you start writing, write down what you think without rigidly adhering to a word limit.If the paper is too short, it is possible that part of the intended material was omitted.4) Keep a balance between the sectionsSecti

3、ons and paragraphs should be balanced in order to maintain an appropriate level of detail.5) Document the references while quotingProvide citation, notes and references as needed. The documentation should be complete and follow a unified format, i.e. The formal of the target journal.6) Deal with the

4、 difficulties laterRecord difficult problems encountered in the writing process and dealwith them later.7) Constantly back up the file documentI f a computer is used in paper writing, always save the file in a backup to avoid the loss of documents because of viruses or misoperation.2. RevisionIt is

5、quite common for there to be inadequacies which need to be revised after the first draft of the paper is completed, no matter in the structure and coherence or rhetoric and logic.1) Entire FrameworkIs the framework complete?2) Partial modificationIs there unity in the paragraphs?3) LanguageLanguage

6、is often modified on the final stage which may involve the following issues:Grammar, vocabulary, sentences,3. Editing GuidelinesMinimal use of passive voiceUse of specific detailsConsistency of verb tenseMinimal use of forms "to be"Varied sentence structure, rhythm and length Word choice:

7、clear, effective conciseGrammar: pronoun -antecedent agreement, subject-verb agreement, sentence fragments/ run-onsSpellingPunctuation: comma, splices, quotations,titles.4. Proofreading ChecklistUse this simple checklist to guide you when you are proofreading your essays and written work.Have I used

8、 correct tenses in the essay?Do I have problem with the agreement of verb with the subject?Have I used clause structure correctly?Have I considered if my vocabulary is as academic and precise as possible?Have I considered carefully my choice of:Nouns , pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, possible

9、synonyms, sentencesHave I proofread the entire essay to make sure there are no typing and spelling errors?Have I set out my references in an appropriate format?5. Final Checklist1) TitleThe title is the key of the paper, which should be concise and attractive.2) IntroductionAlways check the appropri

10、ateness of your research question, design, reading.etc.3) Research QuestionsThis should be clearly and concisely formulated and situated in relation to established literature in the area. I t should focus on a specific/ exact question/ problem to which you can reasonably expect to offer a specific r

11、esponse within the scope of the paper.4) HypothesisThis should be formulated before you start your research and state what you expect to be the answer to your question. It should encapsulate the point of the paper.5) Theoretical frameworkThis should indicate the theoretical/ analytical underpinnings

12、 of the paper: the theories, concepts, perspectives that you will use to defend your hypothesis.6) MethodologyThis refers to the methods you will use; the way in which you will collect, interpret and user information and data.7) SourcesYou should already have checked the availability and appropriate

13、ness of the sources you intend to use. These would normally include the most important and relevant literature in the field; recent journal articles; the source of your theoretical/ analytical framework; general/historical background material; substantive empirical quantitative material; data or information you have collected yourself; material for comparison,etc.8) OriginalitySome aspects of the paper should be original. This could be the presentation of new empirical materi