第一讲时态语态

1、重难增分篇第一讲时态语态第一课时知识过关课1运用 “7 看法 ”，熟记 “4 句型 ”速判动词的时态(1)掌握独特的时间状语标志(7 看法 )1看到 always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等想到用一般现在时2看到 yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other 想到用一般过去时态day 等3看到 tomorrow, next year, in a week等想到用将来时态4看到等想到用现在进行时态all the time, now, at present5看到at that time, then, a

2、t six o 等想到用过去进行时clock yesterday6看到 at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3o clock tomorrow等想到用将来进行时7看到 since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the想到用完成时态last/past few years等I usually get up at four o clock every morning when it s still dark.我通常每天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。I will be talkingwith the professor

3、 at this time tomorrow .明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。(2)熟记固定句型中的时态(4 句型 )?be doing.when.，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。?no sooner.than或 hardly.when.，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。?It is/has been时间段 since.表示“自从以来已经”。主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时

4、。?This/It/That is the first/second.time that. 表示“这 /那是第一 /二次”，后面的句子要用现在完成时。Hardlyhad the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking himquestions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。It is the third time thatyou have been late for work this week, isn t it?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？The boy was doing his hom

5、ework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。2被动语态的几点说明(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。 但 cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to， consist of 等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，come about， take place等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要漏掉介词。T

6、he children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。(5)系动词 feel，look ，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain 等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文， 领悟画线黑体部分。 注意时态语态的用法。I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students amUnionwriting.I 1 to draw your attention to

7、 some improper behaviour in our campus ： littering and scribbling.It has_been_making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel_ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students Unionheld4 a meeting to seek some solutions

8、 to these problems.We were_having 5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the schoolhad_made6 efforts to improve this situation and more dustbinswould_be_placed 7 around.Recently， the Students Unionhas_set_up8 specific rules against suc

9、h behaviour.At the same time，all of us should develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will_become 9 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1.现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3一般现在时，表示经常性或习

10、惯性动作。4一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(last week 上周 )所发生的动作。5过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。6过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。7过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主语dustbins 为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。9一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。 .单句填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)1The sun was setting when my car broke (break) down

11、 near a remote village.2This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.3People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.4He

12、r mother was excited“.Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane was_informed(inform) 5I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was_pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6I ll go to the library as soon a

13、s I finish whatamI_doing(do)7It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended(attend) since I came to thisschool.8In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.9By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had_graduated(graduate) from college.1

14、0Barbara is easy to recognize as she only ones ofthethe women who wears(wear) evening dress. .单句改错 (下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。 )1It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talked has_talked2The vase isn t belong to him.isndoesnt3She insisted that she organized the

15、trip on her anizedorganize4In the last twenty years，great changes have been taken place in our country去.掉 have 后的 been5As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.go goes6Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 在 dreamed前加

16、have7Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news在. I 前加 had8The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在 translated前加 been9The old man is happy because he is well taken care在. care 后加 of 10The new teaching building was builded last year.buildedbuilt .语篇填空

17、(用括号中动词的正确形式填空 )How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1._(take)me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking ，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got into a situation that ，in the pas

18、t，2._(start) him drinkingagain.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._(begin) again.“ I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times aday，” was Dad sreply to my 18 year old unasked question.And then he 4._(share) the poem with me.Abou

19、t a month after this talk with my father，when I 5._(have) a rest，Ireceived a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6._(be) my experience that when you 7._(get) something withdays of the year on it， you 8._(t

20、urn) to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There， on my birthday ， was the exact same poem that 9._(help) my father for all these years！ It 10._(call) the Serenity Prayer.【语篇导读】一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了将

21、近二十年的问题：父亲是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上， 正好在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。1took从下文 “For a few years we were afraid to.”的“were”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。 2would have started句意： “父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒的情景时，整个家庭就会坐立不安。”从上文 “every time he got into a.” 的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达的是过去肯定会发生的事情。3would begin 从句无谓语动词，且从上文 “

22、we were afraid to bring it up for fear” 谓语动词 were 可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。 4shared 本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词 “then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。 5was having 由 when 引起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故have在本句应作谓语动词， 又从主句的谓语动词received 可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，收到礼物，故此处应该填动词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。 6has been 此句为 it 引导的形式主语从句， be 在主句中作谓语动词；由下文的 “my experience”可知

23、这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。7get 由 when 引起的从句缺少谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件经常发生的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。8will turn由 when 引起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词get 用一般现在时，主句就会用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。9had helped由于主句 therebe 句式的谓语动词be 用过去时，而以 the poem为先行词的定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，故用过去完成时。 10is called句子无谓语动词，故call 应作句子的谓语；而it 与 call 之间是被动关系；文中讲

24、的是书名， 应为客观存在的事实， 故用一般现在时的被动语态。第二课时高考研究课动词的时态和语态在语法填空中的考查点规律方法“ 4 步法”确定动词的时态和语态?第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语：如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。 如果句子缺少谓语， 那么空格处应填谓语动词， 就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。?第二步，确定时态：要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。?第三步，确定语态：语态要根据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态。?第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一

25、致。真题验证 11 Whilerunning regularly can tmake you liveforever, the review says it_(be) moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018 全·国卷 )答案is 首先确定该动词为says 宾语从句的谓语动词；其次根据平行的谓语动词 make， says 等为一般现在时，故该谓语动词应使用一般现在时；最后，主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。2Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages an

26、d it must have been fairlyunpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷 )·答案were used此处讲的是过去的事情，主语Steam engines和 use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deeptunnels(隧道 )，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国卷· )答案man

27、aged 此处讲的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和 manage之间是主动关系，故填 managed。 4When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missingsomething.(2017 全·国卷 )答案are removed填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是 fat and salt，与 remove 之间是被动关系，故填are removed。 5Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britain s new

28、supermodel, earning a milliondollars in the next year.(2017全国卷 ·)答案has been told/was told 句意应为 “有人告诉过 Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元 ”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词could be 此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。6Sarah says,“ My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment, school_(come) first.I don t w

29、antto get too absorbed in modeling. ”(2017 ·全国卷 )答案comes 此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词come 应该使用一般现在时。 7Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, butturned up nothing.(2017 浙江卷·)答案searched 根据后面的 but turned up nothing 可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。8Pahlsson and her husband n

30、ow think the ring probably got _(sweep)into apile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长 )through it.(2017 浙江·卷 )答案swept 戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语the ring 与动词 sweep 之间为被动关系，故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。9Confucius believed knives would rem

31、ind people of killings and _ (be) tooviolent for use at the table.(2016全国卷 ) ·答案 were 由前面谓语动词 believed, would remind 等使用过去时，可知此处 be 动词应使用过去时。 10It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(全国卷 )答案arrived 在句型 “be doing.when.”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中 arrive 应该使用过去时。 动词的时态和语态

32、在短文改错中的考查点规律方法3“从”原则1从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。2从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差异。3从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。真题验证 21During my last winter holiday ，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(2018全国卷 ) ·答案find found 从时间 During my last winter holiday ，可知该句时态为过去时。 2I didn t rea

33、lize how right my parents are untilnteredI high school.(2018 全国卷· )_答案 arewere 由平行的谓语 didntrealize 和 entered可知该句的时态为过去时。 3When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017 ·全国卷 )_答案camecomes 本文整体用一般现在时， 描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时， when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单

34、数，故应用 comes。4Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructorstarted the car, my mind goes blank.(2017全国卷 ) ·答案goeswent 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。 s orders, bu5. I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全国卷 )_答案hadhave 根据时间状语 in the past few

35、 years 可知，本句应用现在完成时。 6. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全国卷 ) ·答案 tooktaken 由句子结构可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词 taken。7. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of hi

36、gh school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017 全·国卷 )_答案become became 此句中的 enter 和 become是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。 8However, my parents didn t seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016·全国卷 )_答案tell told由前句中的时态“didnt seem”，可知，后句中的谓语动词应用过去时。 9A woman saw h

37、im crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(全国卷 )_答案telling told由并列连词 and 可知， telling 应该和前面的saw 为平行的谓语动词，故用told。第三课时写作增分课时态、语态在写作中的增分点一、洞察 “过去、现在和将来 ” 写对句子1我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday)I_hope_that_he_has/will_have_a_happy_birthday.2我们快一点，火车4 点 30 分开。 (leave)Let shurry.The_train

38、_leaves_at_4：30.3我在那个小学上过6 年学。 (study, the primary school, for)I_studied_in_that_primary_school_for_six_years.4我不知道你已经出国了。(go abroad)I_didn tknow_you_had_gone_abroad.5如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(be to, a key college, excellent)If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.6像我们班主任这样的人理应受

39、到尊重。 (such.as, headteacher, be to, respect) Such_people_as_our_headteacher_are_to_be_respected.二、知晓 “何时完成 ” 推敲句子1我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里待了一个月。 (cousin, go back home, stay)2他 2016 年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move, live, ever since)He_moved_here_in_2016_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.3过去几年中国发展得很快。

40、 (develop rapidly, past few years) China_has_developed_rapidly_in_the_past_few_years.4他感冒已经快一个星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。 (have a cold, catch a cold) He_has_had_a_cold_for_almost_a_week.He_caught_the_cold_last_ Monday.5上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visit Qingdao)He_didn tvisit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_ther

41、e_before.6到下周末为止，我离开家将有两个月了。(be away from, by the end of)By_the_end_of_next_week,_I_will_have_been_away_from_home_for_two_months.三、善辨 “何时进行 ” 优化句子1我没有听懂我们老师说什么， 因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。 (catch，think about，something else)I_didn tcatch_what_our_teacher_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.2你不必买那么贵的手

42、机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。 (expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date) You_needntbuy_that_expensive_a_cell_phone.As_technology_is_devel oping_very_rapidly,_even_the_newest_model_will_be_out_of_date_s oon.3既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？(how can, when, always, playvideo gam

43、es)How_can_you_catch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?4明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我急不可待地想见到你。(talktogether happily, can t wait to)We ll_be_talking_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_cant_wait_to_see_you.5当他从昏迷中醒来之后， 他意识到他已在那里躺了很长时间。(come to, realize,lie)When_he_came_to,_he_r

44、ealized_he_had_been_lying_there_for_a_long_time.四、巧用 “主将从现 ” 写美句子1只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。(tell the truth, as long as, keep it toyourself)I_will_tell_you_the_truth_as_long_as_you_keep_it_to_yourself. 2一旦你到那里，请给我打个电话。 (once, give sb a call) Once_you_get_there,_please_give_me_a_call.3等到你下次来，我们的新房子将会盖好。 你就可以和

45、我们一起住了。 (new house,complete, by the time, stay)Our_new_house_will_have_been_completed_by_the_time_you_come_next_time.Then_you_can_stay_with_us.4即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(change our plan, even if)We_wontchange_our_plan_even_if_it_rains_tomorrow.5抓到这个被通缉的人或者提供有价值线索的人将得到一大笔钱。(anyone who,the wanted man, provide

46、 useful information, award, a large sum of money)Anyone_who_catches_the_wanted_man_or_provides_useful_information_will_be_awarded_a_large_sum_of_money.6你越努力，你的进步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress)The_harder_you_work,_the_greater_progress_you_will_make.五、熟用句型 “亮” 化句子1我正要离开这时我的手机响了。(be about to.whe

47、n)I_was_about_to_leave_when_my_mobile_phone_rang.2我们正在上语文课，这时门开了，进来一个警察。(have a Chinese class, when,in come)We_were_having_a_Chinese_class_when_the_door_opened_and_in_came_a_policeman.3当他们来到的时候， 我的作业刚完成， 正要去购物。 (finish, go shopping, when) I_had_just_finished_my_homework_and_was_about_to_go_shopping_ _when_they_arrived.4这是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。 (the