第一讲利用位置关系解题

1、七选五阅读理解主要考查考生对 文章的整体内容和结构 以及上下文逻辑意义 的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式是给考生一篇 300 词左右的短文，命题人有目的地在文章中去除 5 处信息，并提供 7 个备选选项，要求考生从 7 个选项中选出 5 个合适的选项对应地填回原文 5 处空缺处。年份201920182017卷别语篇主题语境文章结选项特类型构征卷说明人与自然 身总 分完整句文心健康子卷说明人与自我 保总 分完整句文持动力 ,实现目标子卷说明人与自我 健总 分完整句文康的互动交流子卷说明人与自我 家总 分从句文庭装饰句子卷说明人与自我 晨总 分完整句文练的好处总子卷议论人与社会 对总 分完整句文舞蹈

2、的看法子卷记叙人与自我 野总 分完整句文营经历总子卷说明人与社会 防总 分从句文止工作时被打扰句子卷说明人与自我 建总 分完整句设空位置段首段中段末230140131131221221221140131文立生物钟七选五阅读理解的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和体裁题材议论文。七选五阅读理解的文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，也越来文章特点越趋向于不带格式标志 ( ·)，但文章大都结构清晰， 基本都是总分结构。从设空位置上来看，七选五阅读理解的选项主要有三种情况：段首、设空特点段中和段尾，从功能上来说主要为：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡句，三是注释句。该题型主要是测试考生的

3、两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构的能力要求能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。第一讲利用位置关系解题 3 种题型逐一锁定七选五阅读理解设空主要有三种位置：段首、段尾和段中，从写作手法上来看，三种位置关系的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。我们可以根据近几年全国卷高考题出题设空的规律，找出这三种题目的对应解法。段首题先看文章结构 再看本段内容1.用数据说话：段首题考查的两种情况题型段落主旨句 (小标题 )承接下句 (后文 )题年份2019全国卷 (37T)全国卷 (37T)全国卷 (40T)全国卷 (37T)2018全国卷 (39T，40T)全国卷 (36T)2017全国卷 (37T)全国卷 (

4、39T，40T)从上表统计来看，段首题主要考查两种情况，一是考查段落主旨句 (小标题 )，二是考查与下文的逻辑关系。2.段首题解题的思维流程 示例(2018 ·全国卷 )选项 If you are already making the time to exercise.A.You will stick to your diet.?Your productivity is improved.B.Your quality of sleep improves.?Yourmetabolism (新陈代谢 ) gets a headC.You prefer healthy food to fa

5、ststart.food.?39Studies found that people who wokeD.There is no reason you shouldup early for exercise slept better than those who exercise in the morning.exercised intheevening.Exercise energizes 分析 从文章结构来看，文章为you， so it is more difficult to relax and have a“总分总”结构，而且中间peaceful sleep when you are v

6、ery excited.论述的四段的首句都是段落主旨? 40If you work out bright and early in the句。 39，40 题都是挖空句首，从morning， you will be more likely to stick to二 三 段 主 旨 句 “?Yourhealthy food choices throughout the day.Whoproductivity is improved.和?Yourwould want to ruin their good workout bymetabolism ( 新陈 代谢 ) gets aeating jun

7、k food? You will want to continue tohead start”. 可知，39，40 两个小focus on positive choices.题的答案只能从 A 、B、C 三个选.项中选择。再根据所在段的内容可知，分别选择 B 和 A 项。段尾题先看前文 再看后文1.用数据说话：段尾题考查的两种情况题型承上启下只承接上句 (文)年份2019全国卷 (39T)2018全国卷 (40T)全国卷 (37T)2017全国卷 (36T)全国卷 (39T)从上表统计来看，段尾题的考查主要有两种情况，一是只承接上句(文)，二是承上启下。2.段尾题解题的思维流程 示例 1(20

8、19 ·全国卷 ) 选项 Don tsA. That s what they are for.· Don t share personal information or B.Turn to an online instructor for help. stories.Professors are not trained nurses, financial C.If more information is needed, aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need they will ask.of a deadlin

9、e extension, simplyexplainthe 分析 39 题为段尾题，从文章结构situation to the professor.39标志 (·)来看，这两段是并列关系，· Donopenlyt express annoyance at a professor所以不用看下文，首先看前一句 “Ifor class.40.Everyonehastakenayou are in need of a deadlinenot-so-great class atonetimeorextension，simply explain the situationanother

10、. When a student attacks a professor onto the professor.(如果你需要延长最the social media, the language used actually says 后期限，只需向授课老师解释一下情more about the student.If there is truly a concern况)”，故选C 项 “ Ifmoreabout a professor s professionalism or ability, beneeded, theywillinformation issure to use online co

11、urse evaluations to calmlyask.(如果需要更多的信息， 他们会询offer your comments.问 )” 。符合此处的语境。 示例 2 (2017 ·全国卷 )选项 If anyone had told me three years ago that IA.This time there was no tent.would be spending most of myweekends B.Things are going to be improved.camping， IwouldhavelaughedC.The trip they took me

12、 on was aheartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people whorough one.enjoyedinsect bites ， ill-cooked meals， andD.I was to learn a lot about campinguncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in since then， mon with me.36E.I must say that I have e to enjoy camping.39.Afterthetrip ，

13、 myfamilybecame 分析 上文说，作者一开始对野营quiteinterestedin camping. We have done a 产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，lotofit since.Recently ， weboughta作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。 本空表twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a示意义的转折， 承上启下，为下文做bathroom and abuilt-inTV set.There isa铺垫。故选 D。separate bedroom， a modern kitchen witharefriger

14、ator.The trailer even has matching carpetand curtains.段中题先看空前再看空后 空前空后和挖空处三句最重要1.用数据说话：段中题考查的三种情况题型主要依据前句主要依据后句依据前句和后句年份全国卷 (38T)，因果全国卷 (36T)，递进全国卷全国卷 (39T)，解释2019全国卷 (39T)，递进 (38T)，解释全国卷 (36T)，转折全国卷 (40T)，转折和解释从上表统计来看，段中题的考查主要有三种情况，一是承接上句(文)，二是引起下句 (文)，三是承上启下。2.段中题解题的思维流程3.段中题所青睐的几种命题方式(1)挖空处答案主要依据

15、前句(句 A 为前句，句 B 为挖空句 )·AB 阐释型：句 A 句 B(B 句解释阐释 A 句)·AB 递进型：句 A 句B(B 句为 A 句的递进 )·AB 转折型：句 A 句 B(A 句和 B 句为转折关系 )·AB 同构型：句 A 句B(B 句和 A 句的句式结构相同 )示例 1(2019 ·全国卷 )Another way of setting realistic goals isto analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs,

16、values and strengths.Remember thatgoals are flexible.39They alsoneed to be measurable.You must keepthese points in mind while setting yourgoals.选项 E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.分析 本题只依据前句解题。根据空格前的 goals are flexible 可知，目标是灵活的，故 E 项“

17、它们可以根据情况而改变 ”与之对应。(2)挖空处答案主要依据后句(句 B 为挖空句，句 C 为后句 )·BC 阐释型：句 B 句 C(C 句解释阐释 B 句)·BC 同构型：句 B 句 C(C 句和 B 句的句式结构相同 )·BC 顺接型：句 B 句 C(C 句和 B 句为 AB-BC 的顺接型 )示例 2 (2019 ·全国卷 )Recently, people have begun studying the选项 connection between the natural world andE.But is fresh air really as g

18、ood for you ashealing(治愈 ). 38In these placesyour mother always said?patients can go to be near nature duringF.Just as importantly, we tend to associatetheir recovery.It turns out that just lookingfresh air with health care.at green, growing things can reduce stress, G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverylo

19、wer blood pressure, and put people intocentershavebegunbuildingHealinga better mood(情绪 ).Greenery is good forGardens.us.Hospital patients who see tree branches 分析 本题只依据后句解题。空格后out their window are likely to recover at a的 these places 与 G 项中的recoveryfaster rate than patients who see buildings centers相呼应，因此 G 项“全国各地的nature康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”符合refreshesus. It gives us a great feeling语境。of peace.(3)挖空处答案依据前句和后句(句 A 为前句，句 B 为挖空句，句 C 为后句 )·ABC 阐释型：句 A 句 B 句 C(B 句解释阐释 A 句，C 句进一步解释 A 句)&