学术英语医学Unit2分析解析（课堂PPT）

1、1Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesAlthough great progress has been made in the treatment andprevention of diseases in the last century, there is no reason for complacence. Human health is constantly threatened not only by emerging diseases but also by re-emerging ones once thought to have been c

2、ontrolled or eradicated. What causes new diseases?Why do the old enemies resurge? What resources are available for us to meet such challenges? What measures should we take to prevent and reduce those threats? This unit helps you to gaininsight into those issues.2ListeningUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergen

3、t Diseases 3 Listening Finding Major Points Pausing before starting an important point Using repetition to emphasize a point Changing the pitch, volume and rhythm of his/her voice for emphasis Using introductory phrases to precede an important idea. For instance, “It is essential for you to know ”,

4、“Remember that ” Use facial gestures or body movement when they are emphasizing a point4 Listening Suggested answersKey to Task 1 of Listening as incomes rise, health can decline diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancera change in lifestyle / in dietthe decline of overall health of a cou

5、ntrythe local community and the South African government5 prosperity and non-communicable diseases Economic prosperity in India and China Rising income A growing middle class Decline in health: a surge of non-communicable disease diabetes obesity cardiovascular disease cancerText C Suggested answers

6、 Key to Task 2 of Listening 6Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening Project HOPE A calling on the U.N.: strong actions on Treatment Prevention The health-based NGO: programs in 35 countries on 5 continents Project HOPEL the HOPE Center located in Johannesburg, South Africa7Text C Sugges

7、ted answers Key to Task 2 of Listening rise in food prices and health Diet change as a result of sharp rise in food price A major blow to the poor Less healthy food (fruits and vegetables) but more cheaper, less healthy food Decline of overall health of a country8 strained public health system in So

8、uth Africa A well documented problem with HIV and TB More people going into the clinics with diabetes and hypertensionText C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening 9Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening the mission of Project HOPE center Diabetes clinic with the latest diagnostic

9、 and treatment options Peer support groups to help people manage their disease make healthier lifestyle changes Training government health workers about NCDs to help raise general awareness10Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CGet ready for Unit 3ListeningSpeak

10、ingWriting11Lead-inIssues to be coveredTaskUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases12Lead-in information-filling taskOutbreakYearCausePrevalenceSARS2 0 0 2 - 2003SARS coronavirusStarting in China and spreading globallyAv i a n

11、flu2007H5N1First reported in South Korea and becoming a global outbreakSwine flu2009H1N1A pandemic starting in MexicoPage 26Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases13Text ACritical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentencesSu

12、ggested answersPage 26Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases14Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation “Old enemies never die.”Page 26 - 30Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases15Topics for presentation1. What

13、 do the two choices imply? Page 26Text A Critical reading and thinkingUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases16 “New Flu Strain Spreads: Death Toll Reaches Half Million.” 1. 通行费通行费 toll gatetoll gate 2. 2. ( (死亡、事故或灾难的死亡、事故或灾难的) )总数总数 3. 3. 造成恶果造成恶果( (或不利影响、痛苦等或不利影

14、响、痛苦等) ) Winter takes its toll on your health. 冬天对健康不利。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases17 “New Flu Strain Spreads: Death Toll Reaches Half Million.” 1. (人的)血缘,世系;种 She is of a noble strain. 她出身名门。 2. (动植物的)种,品种 This strain of wheat can grow during a cold spr

15、ing. 这种品系的小麦能在寒冷的春天生长。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases18 “New Flu Strain Spreads: Death Toll Reaches Half Million.” 1. 通行费通行费 toll gatetoll gate 2. 2. ( (死亡、事故或灾难的死亡、事故或灾难的) )总数总数 3. 3. 造成恶果造成恶果( (或不利影响、痛苦等或不利影响、痛苦等) ) Winter takes its toll on your health. 冬

16、天对健康不利。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases192. How has the medical condition changed since 1969? Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola Comeback of the old afflictions Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union TB in urban centers like New York City Risin

17、g Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the worldText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentationUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases20Text A Critical reading and thinking Useful expressions

18、 Surgeon General “close the book on infectious disease.” medical community Journal of the American Medical Association respiratory infectionsPage 26Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases21 We know better. 更明白事理更明白事理, , 没愚蠢到没愚蠢到，不会上当，不会上当 Fools may believe you, but

19、 I know better. 傻子或许会相信你, 我可不会。 我不会愚蠢到干出这种事情来。 I know better than to do such a thing.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases22Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences “Emergence” is in fact regression, a return to the standard that prevailed univers

20、ally in the previous century, “出现新病” 实际上是一种退步，又回到上个世纪普遍存在的水平。Page 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases23Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences which never really went away, though upscale opera buffs might have thought it was confined to prod

21、uctions of “La Boheme” 虽然上层社会的歌剧迷们也许觉得结核病只是歌剧波西米亚人中的情节，而事实上,结核病就从来没有消失过。 歌剧波西米亚人的女主人公死于肺结核。Page 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases24Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation3. How has the battle been joined? WHO: establishment of a new divi

22、sion devoted worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct. 1995 CDC: launching prevention strategy in 1994 Congress: raising fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million for 1997Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases25Illustration by the film Dus

23、tin Hoffman OutbreakPage 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases26 Topics for presentation 4. What is the value of making a list of diseases to be monitored?Page 27Text A Critical reading and thinkingUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emerge

24、nt Diseases27That said 1. That said, heres a word of warning: moocs wont stay free forever. 尽管如此，还是需要提醒你一下：MOOC不会永远免费。 2. That said, networking is perhaps the single best way to achieve success. 也就是说，联络似乎是一个通向成功的最佳方法。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases28Text A

25、Topics for presentation 5. Exemplify the statement that “Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum.”Page 28Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases29 Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum. “These re-emerging infect

26、ions each have a little winkle to them that is important.” 每种回归疾病的步调各有不同。“这些再现的疾病，其各自特征都与以前有所不同，这点很重要。” 1. 妙计;好主意 Ill give you a wrinkle or two. 我给你出几个点子。 2. 方法;技巧;(方法等的)创新Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases30 TB Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal venues fo

27、r TB spread Strains of TB have also developed drug resistance A ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromisedPage 28Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases31 Hitch a ride: Hitch a ride: 搭便车; 搭顺风

28、车 We can hitch a ridehitch a ride to London on a lorry. 我们可以免费搭乘卡车去伦敦.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases32 Group A strep A change in virulence Mutation in the exterior of the bacterium fleshing-eating bacteria of 1994 rheumatic fever scarlet feverPage 28Text A

29、 Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases33 Flesh-eating disease is the common name for necrotizing fasciitis (坏死性筋膜炎) . Flesh-eating disease can be caused by a number of different bacteria, including group A stre

30、ptococcus (GAS). GAS is a very common bacteria. It is the same bacteria that causes scarlet fever and rheumatic fever. In rare instances, GAS will cause serious illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis and blood poisoning.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases34

31、 For no good reason:For no good reason: 没有好的理由，无正当的理由没有好的理由，无正当的理由 That child is always crying That child is always crying for no for no good reason. good reason. 那个孩子总是无缘无故地哭.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases35 flu Constantly changes in its coat (surface ant

32、igens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence Looming next flu pandemic as bad as that of 1918Page 28Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases36 If there isit is For emphasis E.g.如果有什么需要改变，那就是改变本身。

33、If there is anything that needs change, it is change itself.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases37 Lay up:Lay up: If someone is laid up withis laid up with an illness, the illness makes it necessary for them to stay in bed （疾病）使卧床（疾病）使卧床 E.g. She was laid up wit

34、h pneumonia for six weeks. 我染上了急性风湿，卧病在床。 I was laid up in bed with acute rheumatism.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases38Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases39 When it came to treating influenza patients, doctors, nurses a

35、nd druggists were at a loss. No one knows exactly how many people died during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. During the 1920s, researchers estimated that 21.5 million people died as a result of the 1918-1919 pandemic. More recent estimates have estimated global mortality from the 1918-1919 pandem

36、ic at anywhere between 30 and 50 million. An estimated 675,000 Americans were among the dead. the pandemic of 1918-1919Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases40 The flu virus is a trickster, constantly changing its surface antigens. “Old wine in new bottles.” A lar

37、ger-scale genetic shift “New wine in new bottles.”Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases41In place 1. 1. 在对的位置在对的位置, , 在适当的位置在适当的位置 They put in place the tools of my new business. 他们把我干这一新行当所需要的用具安放得井井有条。 2. 2. 适当的适当的, , 适合的适合的 The proposal is not quite in place.

38、那个提议并不十分适当。 3. 3. 在工作；准备就绪在工作；准备就绪 Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases42 Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 6. What has caused pertussis, diphtheria, and malaria to become familiar again? Page 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUni

39、t 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases43Text A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter Vaccination practices neurological complications the waning of immunity a crumbling public health infrastructure organized vaccination effortsPage 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resu

40、rgent and Emergent Diseases44Wind up with:Wind up with: Even after going through this Even after going through this analysis, you may analysis, you may wind up withwind up with nono clear - cut answer. clear - cut answer. 即使你仔细地进行了分析, 最终你仍可能得不到清晰的答案.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurge

41、nt and Emergent Diseases45Text A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter with stagnant water serving as mosquito breeding pools 繁殖，繁育繁殖，繁育 Frogs will usually breedbreed in any convenient pond. 通常青蛙会在任何条件适宜的池塘中繁殖。 That kind of readiness can keep future headlines free of worldwide

42、 pandemics. 有了这样的充分准备，全球性流行病将来就不再成为头条新闻了。Page 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases46Discipline A disciplinediscipline is a particular area of study, especially a subject of study in a college or university.学科，科目学科，科目 Youve got to make sure that people work tog

43、ether across disciplinedisciplines. 你必须确保让那些出身不同学科的人一起共事。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases47Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 7. What are the CDCs four areas of focus?Need for surveillanceUpdated science capable of dealing with disc

44、overies in the fieldAppropriate prevention and controlStrong public health infrastructureUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases48 Task 1 Medical Terminology EnglishChinese1. antigen抗原2. microbe微生物3. virulence毒力，毒性4. biological生物的5. pandemic大流行6. antibiotic抗生素7. pa

45、thogenic致病的8. epidemiology流行病学9. streptococcus链球菌10. immunocompromised免疫受损的Page 33 -34Text A Suggested AnswersSuggested Answers Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases49Text A Language building-upLanguage building-upTask 2 Signpost Language Classification two choic

46、es six diseases type kind kindPage 35Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases50Text A Language building-up Language building-up Task 3 Formal English 1. vanquished 2. sentiment 3. venues 4. crumbling 5. quipped 6. prevailedPage 35-36Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent Dise

47、asesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases51Text C Language building-up Suggested answersUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases52reasons for infectious diseases remaining among the leading causes of death worldwideemergence of new infectious diseasesre-emergence of

48、 old infectious diseasespersistence of intractable infectious diseasesexotic animals for pets exotic animals as food sourcescloser and more frequent contact with pathogensmonkeypoxSARSgenetic reasonsFluhuman behaviorbio-terrorismsmallpox anthraxfood- and waterborne infections, dengue, West Nile viru

49、stuberculosis, malaria, nosocomial, and foodborne infections Text C Suggested answersKey to TaskUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases53SpeakingHow to interrupt politelyTaskUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent

50、 and Emergent Diseases54SpeakingSpeaking How to Interrupt Politely Interrupt and take your turn at the right time Use the right expression If I could just come in here. May I Excuse me, but Could I please just finish my point? As I was saying Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and

51、Emergent Diseases55SpeakingSpeaking How to Interrupt Politely Interrupt and take your turn at the right time Use the right expression Sorry to interrupt, but . Id just like to say that . What do you think about .? Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases56SpeakingSp

52、eaking Now work with a partner and use the polite expressions listed above to ask each other to clarify the following terms without referring to Text A and Text B.re-emergent infectious diseasesmulti-drug-resistant strainthe immunocompromisedscreening programmes pandemic influenzaspathogenic microbe

53、latent tuberculosisdrug resistance Task Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases57SpeakingSpeaking Resurgent tuberculosis is not confined only to UK. It is global, and China is no exception. It is urgent and pertinent to know the current situation of tuberculosis pr

54、evalence in China, which calls for an investigation. Work in a small group and conduct a research focused on the following aspects in China: historical review of TB epidemiology current incidence of TB measures and policies adopted to control and prevent the disease.Group Presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases58Writing Writing a title TaskUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases59WritingResearch Paper Project A medical journal article mainly consists of: title a