初中英语现在完成时过去完成时

1、第10讲_现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时知识精讲一、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。 二、句子结构主语+ has/ have+done (过去分词) 三、基本用法用法示例表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。He has already  obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。I havent seen much  of him recently.我最近很久没看到他。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在也许还要持续下去，常和for,  sin

2、ce连用。Peter has written  six papers for three years.三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。He has lived here  since 2005.自从2005年以来，他一直住在这儿。 四、时间状语1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从以来）3. for+时间段4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice5. in the past/ last few days 五、动词过去分

3、词的规则变化情况变形示例一般情况加-edwork-worked,visit-visited以不发音字母e结尾加-dlive-lived辅音字母加y结尾把y变i，加-edstudy-studied,cry-cried重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母，再加-edstop-stopped,drop-dropped 六、动词过去分词的不规则变化 原形过去式过去分词AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcomerancameruncomeABB型bringbu

4、ycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten 七、相关句式&#

5、160;hashave主语第三人称单数第一/二人称单数/复数肯定式He  has turned the light off.  They have already read this  book.否定式He  hasnt turned the light off.  They havent read this book  yet.疑问式Has  e turned the light off?  Have they read this book yet?简略回答Yes, he has./ No, she hasnt.

6、Yes, they have./ No, they  havent.肯定句：主语+has/ have+done+其它.否定句：主语+has/ have+not+done+其它.一般疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它?          答语：Yes,主语+has/ have. / No,主语+hasnt/ havent. 八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或

7、状态动词：买buy (bought)have/ has had     借borrow (borrowed)have/ has kept   死die  (died)have/ has been dead   离开leave (left)have/ has been away (from) 开始begin (

8、began)have/ has been on  参加join (joined)have/ has been in   去go (went)have/ has been there/ (in)  来、到达come/ arrive/ reach/  get tohave/ has been here/ (in)    结

9、束end (ended)have/  has been over例：The film began five minutes ago. 5分钟前这部电影就开始放映了。       -The film has been on for five minutes. 这部电影已经开始放映5分钟了。-It has been five

10、0;minutes since the film began. 自从这部电影放映开始已经有5分钟的时间了。 1.用“be形容词”代终止性动词  1). “bemarried” 代替marry  2). “beill” 代替fall (get) ill  3). “bedead” 代替die 4). “beasleep” 代替fall (get) asleep  5). “beawake” 代替wake/ w

11、ake up  6). “begone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave  7). “beopen” 代替open  8). “be closed” 代替close/ shut 2.用“be副词”代终止性动词    1). “beon” 代替start, begin    2). “beup” 代替get up3). “beback (to)” 代替return to, come 

12、;back to, go back to  4). “be here (there)” 代替come (arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等 3.用“be介词短语”代终止性动词  1). “be in/at +地点” 代替go to/ come to    2). “be in the

13、0;army” 代替join the army    3). “be in/at +地点” 代替move to 三点剖析一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。 二、易错点： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地（现未回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：-Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？-He has

14、gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。2. has been to：表示去过某地（现已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：I have been to New York three times so far.到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。3. has been in：表示一直待在某地，常与时间段搭配。例：I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经待了五年多了。题模精讲题模一 基本用法例1.1、I _ already _ in this school for t

15、hree years.A、was; studyingB、are; studyingC、will; studyD、have; studied例1.2、I _ English since 2010.A、have learntB、have learnC、learntD、learn例1.3、I _ my pencil yet.A、have findB、havent foundC、foundD、find例1.4、Mr. Brown isnt at home. He _ to his office.A、has beenB、has goneC、has goD、went题模二 动词过去分词变化规则例2.1、T

16、hey _ (not read) the interesting books yet.例2.2、用动词的适当形式填空。1. She _ (live) in Hubei for two years.例2.3、You neednt tell him. I _ (tell) him already.例2.4、We _ just _ (have) our lunch.例2.5、Peter _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.题模三 句型转换例3.1、I have been there for two years.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回

17、答：_例3.2、My father has lived here since 2000.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_随堂练习随练1.1、Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the libraryA、wentB、wasC、has goneD、has been随练1.2、Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A、was; studyingB、will; studyC、has; studiedD、are; studying随练1.3、We _ Xiao Li since she w

18、as a little girl.A、knowB、had knownC、have knownD、knew随练1.4、His father _ the Party since 1978.A、joinedB、has joinedC、was inD、has been in随练1.5、-Our country _ a lot so far.-Yes. I hope it will be even _.A、has changed; wellB、changed; goodC、has changed; betterD、changed; better随练1.6、Her grandfather _ for tw

19、o years.A、has been deadB、has diedC、diedD、has been died随练1.7、用动词的适当形式填空。1. Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.3. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).4. Mary lost her pen. _ you_ (see) it here and there?5. _ you _ (find) your watch ye

20、t?6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _ (go) to the library.随练1.8、句型转换1. I have ever been to India and Russia.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. Ive worked here for ten years.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. Mike has already

21、60;found his watch.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_过去完成时知识精讲一、过去完成时    表示以在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 二、句子结构    主语+had+done (过去分词) 三、基本用法用法示例表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by, before等介词短语或用when引导的时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。1. By the time I went outside, the bu

22、s had  already left. 我到外面去的时候，公交车已经开走了。2. His  eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long  expected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时，她兴奋得两眼放光.表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for, since等词连用。1. The  news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the f

23、actory  was going to shut down.听到这个消息我并不感到意外，工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。2. It  was six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn.已经6点了，他感到很累，因为他从天亮一直工作到现在。在一段情景连贯的语句中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了借的书。过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard,  thought等动词后的宾语从句（

24、或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。1.  I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。2.  She said that she had seen the film before.她说她已经看过这部电影了。 四、时间状语1. by the end of+过去的时间点: by the end of last year2. By the time+从句( sb. + did + sth. )3. before+过去的时间点: before last Monday4

25、. when引导的时间状语从句 五、动词过去分词的规则变化情况变形示例一般情况加-edwork-workedvisit-visited以不发音字母e结尾加-dlive-lived辅音字母加y结尾把y变i，加-edstudy-studiedcry-cried重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母，再加-edstop-stoppeddrop-dropped 六、动词过去分词的不规则变化 原形过去式过去分词AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcome

26、rancameruncomeABB型bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknown

27、swumwritten 七、相关句式 结构示例肯定式主语+had+doneHe had finished his homework  before he went out to play.在他出去玩之前，他早已经完成他的作业。否定式主语+had+not+doneHe hadnt finished his homework  before he went out to play.在他出去玩之前，他还没完成他的作业。疑问式Had+主语+done?Had he finished his homework  before he went out to

28、play?在他出去玩之前，他还没完成他的作业了吗？答语Yes, 主语+had.  No, 主语+hadnt.Yes, he had. / No, he hadnt.是的，他已经完成了。不，他还没有完成。 三点剖析一、考点：过去完成时的基本用法和时间状语。 二、易错点：过去完成时时间状语剖析：1. by the end of +过去的时间点：“到末”主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了二千多

29、个英语单词。2. By the time +从句( sb. + did)：“截止到为止”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例：The movie had been on by the time we got there.当我们带那儿的时候，电影已经开始了。题模精讲题模一 基本用法例1.1、The party _ before he arrived.A、beginB、beganC、had begunD、has begun例1.2、By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A、had c

30、ookedB、cookedC、have cookedD、was cooked例1.3、Lucy told me that her sister _ to the bank when I arrived.A、had just beenB、had just goneC、has just beenD、has just gone题模二 动词过去分词的变化规则例2.1、1. When he got to the classroom, the class _ (finish).例2.2、They _ (not know) each other before they got married.例2.3、My

31、 mother _ (read) seven books by the end of last year.例2.4、After I _ (eat) my dinner, it began to rain.例2.5、On returning home, I found I _ (leave) my umbrella in the office.题模三 句型转换例3.1、I had sold the ticket when she came.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_例3.2、She had sung a song to us before she danced.否定句：_疑问句

32、：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_例3.3、By 10 am. , I had been very hungry.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_随堂练习随练2.1、He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A、where I had beenB、where I had goneC、where had I beenD、where had I gone随练2.2、用动词的适当形式填空。1. The Reads _ (have) lunch when I _ (get) to their house.2. My grandmother had prep

33、ared dinner before I _ (arrive) home.3. We _ (learn) about 1000 English proverbs by the end of last term.4. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.5. Tom said he _ (read) the book twice.随练2.3、I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A、learnedB、was learningC、had learnedD、learnt随练

34、2.4、He _ to play _ before when he was 11 years old.A、had learned; pianoB、had learned; the pianoC、has learned; the pianoD、learns; piano随练2.5、By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A、has completedB、completedC、will completeD、had completed随练2.6、句型转换1. The meeting had begun by the time I got there ye

35、sterday.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. All the tickets had sold out before Mary went to the box office at lunch time.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_3. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie had been on for ten minutes.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_自我总结能力拓展拓展1、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A、had begunB、has been

36、onC、began.拓展2、-Do you know him well?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.A、wereB、have beenC、have becomeD、have made拓展3、Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A、have gotB、have arrived atC、have been toD、reached拓展4、-Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A、gone; goneB、been; beenC、gone; beenD、been;

37、 gone拓展5、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A、have been inB、have been toC、have gone toD、have been拓展6、用动词的适当形式填空。1. We _ already _ (return) the book.2. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.3. Jack _ (finish) his homework already.4. -Are you thirsty?-No, I _ just _ (have) some orange.5. My father _ (read) the novel twice.6. -Where is Jim?- He _ (go) to England.拓展7、句型转换1. Linda has gone to the teachers office.否定句：_疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2. I&