流体力学(英文)

1、2022-2-231 2022-2-232Contents Teaching Contents In Classroom Experimental Projects In Teaching LabTotal hours: 54Classroom teaching hours: 48Practice hours: 62022-2-233Teaching Contents (1)Part A (Total hours: 36)nA1 Introduction (4 hours)nA2 Fluid statics (6 hours )nA3 Fluid kinematics (6 hours)nA4

2、 Fluid dynamics ( 6 hours)nA5 Laminar flow, turbulent flow and energy loss (8 hours)nA6 Pipe flow and calculation of pipeline (4 hours)nA7 Similarity theory and dimensional analysis (2 hours)FundamentalFundamental2022-2-234Part B (Total hours: 8)lB1 Stream functions and potential functions, friction

3、less irrotational flow (4 hours )lB2 Boundary layer theory and flow past body (4 hours)Part C (Total hours: 4)uC1 Resaerch progress in Fluid Mechancis (1 hour)uC2 Modern flow measurement technologies (1 hour)uC3 Introduction to numerical simulation of turbulence flow and commercial softwares of CFD

4、(2 hours)Teaching Contents (2)Extended contentsExtended contentsFundamentalFundamental2022-2-235Part A and Part B are the foundation of Fluid Mechanics, Part C is the extended contents and refer to some practical problems. This course also pays much attention to the prevalence of modern fluid mechan

5、ics, for example, the introduction to the theory of turbulence boundary layer and the sketch of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will help your further applications after your graduation.Teaching Contents (3)2022-2-236Experimental Projects (1)In-class (Required) (Total hours: 6)nE1 Hydrostatics (1

6、 hour)nE2 Velocity measurement with Pitot tube (1 hour)nE3 Flow measurement with Venturi tube (1 hour)nE4 Verification of Bernoulli equation (1 hour)nE5 Reynolds experiment (1 hour)nE6 Measurement of friction loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour)2022-2-237Experimental Projects (2) After-c

7、lass (Total hours: 6-8)pE1 Liquid viscosity measurement (1 hour) (Optional) pE2 Demonstrating experiment about flow pattern and streamline (1 hour) (Required) pE3 Measurement of local loss coefficient for circular pipe flow (1 hour) (Required) pE4 Demonstrating experiment about Siphon principle (1 h

8、our) (Required) pE5 Demonstrating experiment about flow around airfoil and cylinder (1 hour) (Required) pE6 Demonstrating experiment about vortex formation (1 hour) (Required) pE7 Self-designing experiments (1 hour) (Optional) 2022-2-238TextbookFrank M. White. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw Hill Higher Edu

9、cation, 7t h Revised edition, 2010.22022-2-239ReferencesuE. John Finnemore, Joseph B. Franzini. Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 10t h Revised edition, 2001.102022-2-2310Referencesu J i n X i a o h o n g , L i Yuanhui. Fluid Mechanics (bilingual Teaching).

10、 Beijing: China Power Press, 2011.92022-2-2311 5% attendance 10% homework 10% required experiments 5% optional experiments 70% final examGrades2022-2-2312 When you think about it, almost everything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid. Frank M. WhitePreliminary RemarksFlu

11、id can be found almost everywhere on the earth !Fluid can be found almost everywhere on the earth !2022-2-2313Overview of Fluid Mechanics The concept of fluid The primary physical property of fluid Study objects of Fluid Mechanics The nature of the subject of Fluid Mechanics Tasks of Fluid Mechanics

12、 Study approaches of Fluid Mechanics Importance (position) of the course History of Fluid MechanicsThe following aspects will be discussed2022-2-2314The concept of a fluid A solid can resist a shear stress by a static deformation. A fluid can not resist a shear stress by a static deformation. Any sh

13、ear stress applied to a fluid, no matter how small, will result in motion of that fluid. The fluid moves and deforms continuously as long as the shear is applied. .Introduction2022-2-2315Is it has afixed volume？Can it form a free surface？Is it easy to be compressed？Fluidgasnonoyesliquidyesyesno Flui

14、dSolidyesnoThe primary physical property of fluid2022-2-2316 Fluid mechanics is an important branch of modern mechanics，Its a science that studies fluids balance (Fluid statics), mechanical movement laws (Fluid Kinematics) and the interaction between fluid and the boundaries (Fluid Dynamics), which

15、may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids. It mainly ascertains the distribution of speed and pressure, energy loss and the interaction force and the moment between fluid and boundary.IntroductionStudy Objects of Fluid Mechanics (1)2022-2-2317Water and air are researched mostly in

16、 fluid mechanics. Besides these, fluid also includes vapor as work medium in turbine, lube oil, water which mixing with mud and sand, blood, melting metal and the gas with complicated components coming from burning, plasmas under high temperature condition, etc.Study Objects of Fluid Mechanics (2)l

17、Stationary boundaries：riverbed, pipe wall, building, etc；l Moving boundaries：aircraft, ship, runner, etc.Types of boundary2022-2-2318 MechanicsResearch object The carrier of mechanical problemsFluid MechanicsFluidLiquidWaterMechanicsThree conservation lawsHydraulicsIntroductionLiquid is the main res

18、earch object; Mainly focus on engineering applications; Suitable for students in Hydraulic Eng., Civil Eng.The nature of the subject of Fluid MechanicsConservation of mass, momentum and energy2022-2-2319 Fluid mechanics is not only an age-old subject, but also a new fashion subject which can be rese

19、arched on quite widely fields. There are many questions about fluid mechanics in these departments, such as in aviation, spaceflight, navigation, astronomical weather, physical geography, water conservancy and hydropower, heat energy refrigeration, building construction and environmental protection,

20、 petroleum and chemical engineering, transporting air and liquid, combustion and explosion, metallurgy and mining, biology and sea, war industry and nuclear energy, machine building, mechanical engineering, etc.Tasks of Fluid MechanicsIntroductionEngineering fields and disciplines relative to Fluid

21、Mechanics2022-2-2320Vortex created by the passage of an Vortex created by the passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by coloured smokeaircraft wing, revealed by coloured smokeTurbulence Turbulence in the tip in the tip vortex vortex from an from an airplane airplane wingwingEngineering fields relativ

22、e to Fluid Mechanics2022-2-2321aviationaviationspaceflightspaceflightnavigationnavigationRocket Rocket launchinglaunchingfountainfountain2022-2-2322Axial-flow fan & centrifugal pumpAxial-flow fan & centrifugal pumpfanfanpumppumpimpellerimpeller2022-2-2323Multi-stage axial-flow compressor mod

23、elMulti-stage axial-flow compressor modelCompressorCompressor2022-2-2324Water turbine and electrical generator cut-away viewWater turbine and electrical generator cut-away view Kaplan turbineKaplan turbine runner and bladerunner and bladehydropowerhydropower2022-2-2325Model plane tested in a wind tu

24、nnelModel plane tested in a wind tunnel Car wind tunnel test Car wind tunnel test Air flow past an aerofoilAir flow past an aerofoilCooling fan Cooling fan 2022-2-2326The Three Gorges Dam photographed by satellite of the United StatesHydraulicEngineeringwater conservancy projectDujiangyanDujiangyanc

25、omprehensive engng2022-2-2327Typhoon Tornado: A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to 500 miles (800 km) per hour. Typhoon Typhoon: A tro

26、pical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans. Tornado2022-2-2328vortex formed in the vortex formed in the rear of a high-speed rear of a high-speed traintrainboiling mud near a boiling mud near a Volcanic craterVolcanic craterTornadoTornado2022-2-2329vortices in atmosphere Hurrica

27、ne 2022-2-2330WeatherCFDsupercomputer2022-2-2331Dew and drop2022-2-2332Surface tensionSurface tensionsoap bubble soap bubble water-drop water-drop 2022-2-2333volleyballfootballtennisswimmingrowingdiscus throwgolf ballracecar racingjavelintable tennisbadminton2022-2-2334Golf ball with smooth & ro

28、ugh surface, Which is better？Question 2022-2-2335 Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th Century. It was thought in the early days that the golf ball with smooth surface had small flight resistance, so the ball was made in leather. It was found afterwards that an old ball with many scratches on its

29、 surface could fly farther than a new ball with smooth surface. This mystery was not to be solved until the boundary layer theory was established by L. Prandtl in the 20th Century. The present-day golf has a lot of pits on its surface, and the flight distance of a rough surface ball is 5 times farth

30、er than a smooth ball when they have the same size and weight.2022-2-2336wake zonewake zonewake zonewake zone2022-2-2337Disciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsDisciplines Relative to Fluid MechanicsAcoustics (aerodynamic noise) Aerodynamics Aeroelasticity Aeronautics Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD

31、Flow field measurementHemodynamics Hydraulics the physical science and technology of the static and dynamic behavior of fluids) Hydrology Hydrostatics Fluid Statics Hydrodynamics Fluid Dynamics Electrohydrodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Rheology Quantum hydrodynamics2022-2-2338Fluid mechanics has thr

32、ee study approaches. The first one is a theoretical approach. Which analyzes the primary and lesser factor of the question, abstracts theoretical model (such as continuous medium, ideal fluid, incompressible fluid, etc), uses mathematical tools to find the general answer about the fluid movement. St

33、udy Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (1)Introductionbasic hypotheses mathematical modelanalytical solutiongeneral answercalculus, field theoryexact solutiontheoretical analysistheoretical analysis2022-2-2339Study Approaches of Fluid Mechanics (2)The second is an experimental approach.Which summarizes t

34、he fluid question by experiment as a similar experiment model, observes the phenomena and determines the data and conjectures the experiment results according to a certain method. experimental studyexperimental studymodel experiments observation & measurement convert to prototype similarity theo

35、ryexperimental datasimilar model2022-2-2340MarvellousMarvellous phenomena of phenomena of flowflowFluid flow past a cylinder Cats eye phenomenonRe numberFluid flow past a spherical bodyboundary layer separation wake zonewake zoneincomingincoming flow flow 2022-2-2341Study Approaches of Fluid Mechani

36、cs (3)The third is a calculating approach. Which draws out the experiment scheme according to the theory analysis and experiment observation, inputs the data by program and calculates the numerical solution with computer. numerical calculationnumerical calculationmathematical model numerical model n

37、umerical solution discretizedequationsgoverning equationsapproximate solutionBoundary conditions & initial conditions computercomputer2022-2-2342Karman vortex street due to air flows past a cylinderCFDCFDVortex shedding behind a circular cylinder. In this animation, the flow on the two sides of

38、the cylinder are shown in different colors, which shows that the vortices are formed from the two sides alternately. 2022-2-2343Simulation of Simulation of Karman vortexKarman vortexCFDCFDFluid flows past a 2D body2022-2-2344Velocity & pressure distributions in the flow passage of a centrifugal

39、fanCentrifugal fanCentrifugal fanCFDCFD2022-2-2345Numerical simulation with CFDNumerical simulation with CFDPumpCFDCFDmodelpressurevelocity2022-2-2346Air-solid couplingAir-solid couplingfluid structure fluid structure interaction, interaction, FSIFSICFDCFDDisplacementTotal deformationStressEquivalen

40、t stress2022-2-2347 The three approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Only supplement each other can they advance the development of fluid mechanics. Modern fluid mechanics has band the three approaches together organically and promote the development of fluid mechanics quickly.Study Approache

41、s of Fluid Mechanics (4)2022-2-2348Advantages Disadvantages Theoretical Theoretical analysisanalysisl Exact (analytical) solution can be obtained.l Flow mechanism can be revealed.l Limited to basic assumptions.l Analytical solutions can be obtained only in a few cases.Experimental Experimental study

42、studyModel Model experimentexperimentl Flow parameters can be measured directly.l Empirical relations can be found.l High cost.l High measurement technique is required.l Uneasy to change the conditions.l Affected by scale effects.Numerical Numerical calculationcalculationl Can expand the range of th

43、eoretical solution.l Low cost.l Easy to change conditions.l Its not affected by scale effects.l Limited to theoretical model and numerical model.l Computational error is exist.2022-2-2349EXITImportance (position) of the course Fundamental coursesFundamental courses Basic specialty courseBasic specia

44、lty course Relative professional coursesRelative professional coursesIntroductionbridgebridge2022-2-2350The first contribution to the come into being of the subject of fluid mechanics was did by Archimedes of ancient Greece. He founded the liquid balance theory include the physical principle of buoyancy and buoyancy stability. He established the basis of the hydrostatics . The formation and development of fluid mechanics is