名词性从句 (4)

1、 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1. 为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词比较:The man looked around.That the boy fail

2、ed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周. (名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多 主语从句that whether who whom w

3、hose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时

4、通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾Details Details Details Details That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首 It 作主语的常用句型有:1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句4. It +不及物动词

5、(seem/happen.) + that 从句 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切.注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if.happen只有 i

6、t 句型It is said只有 it 句型More Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture? ( ) Is that the scientist will give us a lecture true? ( )疑问句中应该用 形式主语It 句型1Whatever we do must be in the interest of the people. ( )It must be in the interest of the people whatever we do ( )2名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/wh

7、ichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首改错1. It is true what he said.What he said is true. 放在句首2. Is that he will come certain?Is it true that he will come? 问句3.He can swim is known to all. That he can swim is known to all. 从句必须有引导词表语从句从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if /引导词: as though, 1. The truth is that he has

8、never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were going to rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会)as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象

9、以前去过那儿似的. 又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that More 系动词后面系动词后面注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法1. This is where Lu Xun once lived.2. That was how they won the match.3. This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早

10、上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法 宾语从句从 句 ( 同主语从句 ) ,增加

11、if ,可与whether引导词: 互换, 但不与 or not 连用1. They pretended ( that ) they knew how to do it. 他们假装知道怎么做这事。 That从句做pretend的宾语我暗中想他讲的不是真话. 谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that 不可省略不可省略2. I thought to myself that he was not telling the truth.3.She said (that) she couldnt tell me and that I couldnt understand.宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个 that

12、4. Everything depends on whether we have enough time. ( if )if /whether 表示“是否” 可以互换,五种情况只用whether: 1.在介词后面 2.与or not连用 3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中5. I dont know whether he will come or not. ( if )6. The question is whether he will agree . ( if )More 1. I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. 2. I dont d

13、oubt that we will win the match.3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1. I doubt _he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whethe

14、r that that if / whether 宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个)5. It depends on if we have enough time. whet

15、her we have enough time.介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6. Are you sorry for which you have done? what you have done?介词后面不用 which 宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语1. Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost the game.我恐怕要迟到了. that 可以省略我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有: afraid pleased happysatisfied anxio

16、us suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句that 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面M 1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it )2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it )我认为学好英语是必要的.I consider

17、 that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job. 宾语宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the st

18、ruggle of lifeMore I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏从句后移correction1. The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3. I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4. Can you doubt if

19、she will succeed?5. I worried about if my brother will return in time.6. She said that she has never told a lie.7. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8. Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.10. That h

20、e said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed ?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwhich不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语从句缺少引导词that不做句子成

21、分没有It look that表达式同位语从句被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea同位语从句说明它们的内容常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词1. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite

22、clear.2. The question how I did it is hard to answer.3. They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )5. A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆.

23、被别的词隔开that 无词义1. We were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .2. They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?4. Who did the damaged computer belong to ? No one had any idea.5.

24、 The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm? 合并成一句:We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.They had the question whether he could pass

25、 the final exam.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:We were excited about the news (that) he had told us.We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.The fact that the y

26、oung man had been a prisoner astonished her .The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.同位语从句: 说明名词的内容, wh-表示疑问, that 不做成分, 不能省略定 语 从 句:说明名词的性质特征, wh-不表示疑问,引导词做句子成分,

27、做宾语 可以省略 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构1. It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)2. It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是)3. It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)4. It turns out ( seems, happens,

28、appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) 5. It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)用 it 句型翻译:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.4.众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text t

29、his year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world. It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our du

30、ty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略should为好 that引导陈述句, 在从句中没有词义, 不可省略她会讲法语这一点大家都知道.That she can speak French is known to us all.她一声不响拿走了他的杂志, 这使他很生气._五班输了比赛, 这事令所有的人感到惊讶._他干了一上午的活,这使他感到很累._她不可能是美国人,这一点是很清

31、楚的._她已经入团了,这件事很快会被宣布._That he took away his magazine without a word made him angry.That Class Five lost the game surprised everyone.That he worked all morning made him feel very tired.That she cant be an American is quite clear.That she has joined the League will be announced soon.What在从句中表示“什么”或“所.

32、的”What he will do next is unknown . What 表示疑问 “什么”比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。1.在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的.2.我们怎么处理这些书与你无关.3.她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚.4.明天会发生什么事还是个谜.5.她所买的只是一些蔬菜.What was seen there is beyond description.What we will do with the food has nothing to do with you.What food he will bring to us is not clear.What will

33、 happen tomorrow is still a mystery.What she has bought are only some vegetables What只用于名词性从句中when where why how who whom whose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的When we will have a meeting is unknown.Where we will have a meeting is unknown.Why we should have a meeting is unknown.1.我们什么时候开会不清楚.2.我们在什么地

34、方开会不清楚.3.我们为什么要开会不清楚.4. 他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣.5. 谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定How they discovered that secret interested everyone.Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.Where did they go last week is of no importance. ( )错凡是从句都必须用陈述语序wentwhether从句作主语时不能用 if1.我们是否要重新做这个实验好没有决定.2.这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要.3.他们是否能

35、按时达到要看天气.4.她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力.5.是留在教室里上课还是去看电影要有老师来决定.Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.Whether the book was written by Mr. Lin is very important.Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether

36、she will work hard .Whether we will stay in the classroom to go on with our lesson or we will go to see a film has to be decided by our teacher.Whether that she can come or not doesnt matter. ( )错一个从句只能有一个引导词 用表语从句合并1. He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact.2. Is he a student? Thats my quest

37、ion.3. When will we leave for the Island.? Thats what I want to know.4. Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most important. The fact is that he was absent from the meeting. My question is whether he is student. 从句一律陈述语序 What I want to know is when well leave for the Island The most important i

38、s whom our education must serve.5. My idea is_ (我们应该每天练习讲英语) that we should practice speaking English every day.That无词义,是引导词,不要遗漏6.重要的是我们怎样提高英语成绩. _The important thing is how we could improve our English.标点符号 宾语从句常做动词的宾语1.我记不得他是怎么找到这个答案的.2.请告诉我林教授住在哪里.3.我不在乎这是谁的责任.4.他拿不定主意该去看哪场篮球比赛.5.我不知道为什么她对她的儿子这么

39、以严厉.I dont remember how he found the answer.Please tell me where Professor Lin lives.I dont care whose duty it is.He cant decide which basketball match he should go and watch .I dont know why she is so hard on her son.做介词宾语1.他总是想到任何为人民多做事.2.除了下雨,他天天坚持锻炼.3.她一切很顺利只是工作较忙.4.我们对她女儿的遭遇感到震惊.5.这是一个谁来做这项手术的问

40、题.He always thinks of how he can do more for the people.He keeps on doing exercise every day except when it rains.Everything does on well except that he is busy with his workWe were shocked by what her daughter had suffered .It is a matter of who will do the operation.6. Did you hear about that he w

41、as fully recovered? ( )7. It all depends on if the humid weather will change soon enough.( )8. I am very interested in how he did more with less money. ( )whether1.We think that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday strange. (划出宾语/ 改用it)2.每人都要写一篇作文这一点她已经讲得很清楚了.3.我们觉得互相帮助是我们的责任.4.我们认为他们在渡船上吸烟是不对的.5.我们认为他们不可能的

42、懂得怎么操作电脑.We think it strange that Mr. Lin didnt come yesterday.She has made it clear that everyone should write a composition.We feel it our duty that we should help each other.We dont think it right that they smoke on the ferry.We consider it impossible that they could know how to operate a compute

43、r.一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导e.g. The suggestion that students

44、should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。些实用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同

45、：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非而非来自其他渠道。

46、但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充不充当任何成分）当任何成分） 2)

47、 Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）whetherwhether与与ifif均为均为“是否是否”但下列情况下只用但下列情况下只用whether whether ： 1. whether1. whether引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will comeWhether he will come is not clear. is not clear. 2. whether2. whether引导表语从句引导表语从句The

48、question isThe question is whether hewhether hell come.ll come. 3. whether3. whether从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语 I Im not sure aboutm not sure about whether wewhether well win.ll win.4. 4. 从句后紧跟从句后紧跟“or notor not”或或 “toto” Whether you like it or not,Whether you like it or not, you you ll ll have to do it. have to

49、 do it. PracticeI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences 说出下列从句的功能：说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）（定语）1. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first req

50、uest that he made was to ask for freedom.4. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.3.5.6. 考点之一考点之一:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中that与与what的区别的区别 考例考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What

51、; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 分析分析: (注注:划线的选项为最佳答案划线的选项为最佳答案,下下同同.)在名词性从句中在名词性从句中that与与what的区别的区别是是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只只起连接作用起连接作用;而而what在名词性从句中不仅在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用起连接作用,而且作句子成分而且作句子成分.句子的意思句子的意思是是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语主语从句和宾语从

52、句从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语句中都作宾语. 考点之二考点之二:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或作形式主语或形式宾语形式宾语 考例考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡的平衡,往往用先行词往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面而把真正的

53、主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是尤其是that引引导的主语从句往往用先行词导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语作形式主语.此句此句也可以改写为也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考例考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析分析:此题考查的是用先行词此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其

54、他几个词均其他几个词均不能作形式宾语不能作形式宾语. 考点之三考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序考查名词性从句的语序 考例考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 分析分析:在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时句语序

55、。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词题中根据引导词what要作介词要作介词like的宾语的宾语,而副词而副词how不能作介词不能作介词like的宾语的宾语,所以首先排除所以首先排除C、D,而而A项是疑问句语序项是疑问句语序,故只能选故只能选B。 考点考点之四之四:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的whethe

56、r, if以及以及that的区别的区别 考例考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析分析:句子的意思是句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与与if当当是否是否讲时的区别是讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常

57、只能用时通常只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if. 考例考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句引导的是表语从句. 考例考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turn

58、ing gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与与if(当当是否是否讲时讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而而that引导的名词引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。性从句不含有疑问意义。考点之五考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从

59、句及其引导的名词性从句及其与与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和和D. whenever是是不能作宾语的不能作宾语的;而而C.

60、whichever表示表示无论哪一个、无论哪些无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示表示在一定范围内的人或事物在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选所以也不能选. 考例考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友朋友.疑问词疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与