2020中考英语--状语及状语从句的专项讲解+练习

1、中考英语-状语及状语从句的专项讲解+练习Question 1.状语是什么？Question 2.你知道英语中的状语，按其用途可以分为多少种吗？Question 1 :什么是状语通过一个简单例句的拓展，我们来看看状语是什么吧。1. She bought a present. *i|f主+谓+宾（无状语）2. She bought a present hurriedly.I方式状语3. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station . T 1 f 1方式状语地点状语4. She bought a present hurriedly at t

2、he train station to send her friends . p1J.'vt方式状语地点状语目的状语5. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station to send her friends because the train was coming . 4 '1 1 1方式状语地点状语目的状语原因状语6. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station to send her friends when the train was coming . 1

3、k T J 1ff1I*方式状语地点状语目的状语时间状语7. She would buy a present at the train station to send her friends if she had enough time. HF地点状语目的状语条件状语8. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station to send her friends with a lot of luggage in her arms . 肃L'FIf方式状语地点状语目的状语伴随状语总结：状语是说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、

4、程度、方式和伴随状况等。.二IQuestion 2.你知道英语中的状语，按其用途可以分为多少种吗？1 .时间状语昨天下午的五点，我正在做我的作业。 比赛开始的时候，我会叫醒你的。 他一有消息，就会给你打电话。2 .地点状语他喜欢待在学校而不是家里。 你可以在家或电影院看电影。D有志者，事竟成。3 .原因状语 他不高兴因为他的电脑出问题了。既然我们住在一起，就应该要分担家务。 鉴于这个原因，你最好还是放弃你的决定吧。4 .结果状语 他又迟到了，所以老师对他很生气。 天如此的热，以至于我不想出去。Linda是一个这么热心的女孩，我们都喜欢她。5 .目的状语 为了在火车上消磨时间，他带了本故事书。

5、有些学生上网不是为了作业，而是为了玩。 老师站在我们中间，以便于我们都能看清楚。6 .条件状语如果明天不下雨，我们去踢球。 没有告诉任何人，他就离开了。 你不会成功的，除非你知道你想要什么。7 .让步状语 虽然他已经70多了，但是看上去还很年轻。 无论发生什么，你都要相信你自己。 即使生活很艰难，我们也要竭尽全力。8 .方式状语你做作业和我一样认真。 他通过做大量的习题去提升数学。入乡随俗。9 .伴随状语老师手里拿本书走进了教室。 想着接下来做什么时，他摔倒了。他在阳光下坐着，闭着眼。参考答案1.时间状语昨天下午的五点，我正在做我的作业。I was doing my homework at 5

6、:00 yesterday afternoon.介词短语、由 when, assoon as等连词引导的句子充当句子中的时间状 比赛开始的时候，我会叫醒你的。I will wake you up when the match starts. 他一有消息，就会给你打电话。I will call you as soon as he gets the news2 .地点状语他喜欢待在学校而不是家里。He likes staying at school rather than at home. 你可以在家或电影院看电影。You can watch movies either at home or at

7、 school.有志者，事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way.3 .原因状语 他不高兴因为他的电脑出问题了。介词短语、here或there、where引导的句子充当句 子中的地点状语。He is unhappy because there is something wrong with his computer既然我们住在一起，就应该要分担家务。介词短语， because, since, 等引导的句子充当句子中 的原因状语。Since we live together, we should share the housework. 鉴于这个原因，你

8、最好还是放弃你的决定吧。For this reason, you had better give up your decision.4.结果状语 他又迟到了，所以老师对他很生气。He is late again, so the teacher is angry with him.天如此的热，以至于我不想出去。It's so hot that I don't want to go out.Linda是一个这么热心的女孩，我们都喜欢她。Linda is such a kind-hearted girl that we all like her.5.目的状语so, so.that,

9、suchthat 等引导的句子充当句子中的 结果状语。 为了在火车上消磨时间，他带了本故事书。To kill the time on the train , he brought a story book.to/in order to + 动词短语， 有些学生上网不是为了作业，而是为了玩。Some students use the Internet not for homework but for fun .介词短语，so that等引导的 句子充当句子中的目的状 老师站在我们中间，以便于我们都能看清楚。The teacher stands among usso that we can see

10、 clearly6 .条件状语如果明天不下雨，我们去踢球。If it doesn't rain tomorrow , we will play soccer. 没有告诉任何人，他就离开了。without +名词/动名词He left without telling anyone.if , unless, not.until 等引导的句子 你不会成功的，除非你知道你想要什么。You won t succeedunless you know what you want.7 .让步状语 虽然他已经70多了，但是看上去还很年轻。Although he is over 70 years old,

11、 he still looks very young. 无论发生什么，你都要相信你自己。although , no matter , even if 等引导的句子充当句子的中让步状语。No matter what happens , you must believe yourself. 即使生活很艰难，我们也要竭尽全力。Even if life is very hard , we still try our best.8 .方式状语你做作业和我一样认真。You do homework as carefully as me.as+ adj / adv + as; by + 名词/动名词；as等引

12、导的句子充当句子的中方式状4 他通过做大量的习题去提升数学。He improves his math by doing lots of exercises入乡随俗。Do in Rome as Romans do.9 .伴随状语老师手里拿本书走进了教室。The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand . 想着接下来做什么时，他摔倒了。Thinking what to do next, he fell down.他在阳光下坐着，闭着眼。with的复合结构；非谓语动词doing形式，充当句子的He sat under the s

13、un, closing his eyes、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解One day I got in a taxi, and we left for the airport. We were driving in the right lane （车道）when, suddenly, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver stopped his car at once. The tire （轮胎） made a very loud noise, and at the

14、 very last moment our car stopped just one inch from the back of the other car.I was frightened. But then I couldn't believe what happened next. The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head and started yelling_al_us. I couldn't believe it! But my tax

15、i driver just smiled at the guy. So I asked,“ Why did you just do that? This guy almost sent us to hospital.This is when my taxi driver taught my what I now call,“ The Law of the Rbbush_Truck " Heexplained that many people are like rubbish trucks. They run around full of rubbish, full of anger

16、and full of bad feelings. As their rubbish piles up, they look for a place to throw it away and sometimes they'll throw it at you.Don't take it personally. Just smile, wish them well, and move on. Don't take their rubbish and spread it to other people at work, at home or on the streets.S

17、uccessful people never let rubbish trucks change their moods. Life is too short to wake up in the morningwith regrets, so love those who love you and pray (祈祷)for those who don't.(1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?A. The writer went to the airport by taxi tha

18、t day.B. The taxi driver stopped his car in time.C. The black car jumped out and crashed into the taxi.D. A car accident nearly happened on the writer's way to the airport.(2) The underlined word yelling in the second paragraph means _ in Chinese.A.道歉曲别(3) Why did the guy get angry so easily?A.

19、Because he was in a bad mood.B. Because his car was full of rubbish.C. Because he was badly hurt by the taxi.D. Because the taxi driver didn't say sorry to him.(4) From the passage, we can tell that the taxi driver is.A. silly and dishonestB. wise and friendlyC. helpful but nervousD. modest but

20、impatient5 5) What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Fight with people like rubbish trucks.B. Make friends with people like rubbish trucks.C. Have a quarrel with people like rubbish trucks.D. Don't let rubbish trucks change our moods.【答案】(1) C(2) C(3) A(4) B(5) D【解析】【分析】本文叙述了作者乘坐出租车时发生的事情，通过出租车

21、司机的一番话，阐明一个道理: 记住美好的，忘却不愉快的，专注重要的；对待生活的态度决定生活的状态。(1) C推理判断题。题意：根据第一段，下面哪一个不对？A. The writer went to the airport by taxi that day.那一天作者坐出租车去的机场；B. The taxi driver stopped his car in time.出租车司机及时停了车；C. The blackcar jumped out and crashed into the taxi. 黑色的/J、车跳出来撞向出租车；D. A car accident nearly happened

22、onthe writer's way to the airport.在作者去机场的路上差不多发生了一次交通事故。根据第一段： We were driving in the right lane (车道)when, suddenly, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver stopped his car at once.可知黑色的小车冲出来，但是没有撞着出租车。故选C。(2) C词义猜测题。题意：第二段中，有下划线的 yelling的汉语意思是什么？A.道歉；B.傻笑；

23、C.吼叫； D.告另1J。句意： The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head and started yelling at us.另一辆车的司机，造成事故的家伙，转过头来开始对我们yelling。从语境可以推测出其含义是吼叫，故选 Co(3) A推理判断题。题意：为什么这个家伙那么容易生气？A. Because he was in a bad mood.因为他情绪很差；B. Because his car was full of rubbish.因为他车里满是垃圾；

24、C. Because he was badly hurt by the taxi.因为他被出租车重重地伤着了 ；D. Because the taxi driver didn't say sorry to him.因为出租车司机没有给他道歉。根据作者后面的讲述可以知道：当人们情绪不好时需要找时间、地点发泄，而出租车司机不愿意把人们的 这些垃圾传播开去。故选Ao(4) B推理判断题。题意：从短文中，我们可以说出租车司机是怎样的一个人？A. silly and dishonest傻而且不诚实；B. wise and friendly 聪明，友好；C. helpful but nervous

25、 有帮助的，紧张不安的； D. modest but impatient现代但是没有耐心。文中的出租车司机面对别人的怒气，面带微笑，不愿把别人的垃圾情绪传播 出去，说明他聪明，待人友好。故选Bo(5) D主旨推断题。题意：短文主要告诉我们什么？A. Fight with people like rubbish trucks 和别人打架就是垃圾车；B. Make friends with people like rubbish trucks.和人们交朋友就像垃圾车；C. Have a quarrel withpeople like rubbish trucks.和别人吵架就像垃圾车；D. Don

26、't let rubbish trucks change our moods.不要让垃圾车改就了我们的情绪。出租车司机不愿与人争吵，并把与人争吵比作垃圾车。他不愿意把自己成为垃圾转运 车。故选Do2 .阅读理解A wealthy man asked an old scholar to tell his son away from his bad habits. The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden. Stopping suddenly, he told the boy to pull out a tiny

27、plant growing there.The young man made it easily. The old man then asked him to pull out a little bigger plant. The young manpulled hard and the plant came out with its roots." Now pull out that one, “ said the old man, pointintree. The boy had to use all his strength to pull it out.Now take th

28、is one out,said the old man, pointing at a big orange tree. The young man held the栩Unk)(and tried to pull it out. But it would not move."It's impossible喘鼠)swidhthe5boiyo rpanting (“So it is with bad habits,“ said the old maiey are you n圳h enethsy to pull them out. But when theygo deeply, th

29、ey cannot be uprooted.”The conversation with the old man changed the boy's life.(1) The scholar asked the young man to take a walk with him in the.A. forestB. parkC. gardenD. school2 2) The scholar asked the young man to pull out plants for times.A. fourB. twoC. threeD. five3 3) According to the

30、 passage, the scholar must be.A. a stupid manB. a lazy manC. a wise manD. a funny man4 4) This passage mainly talks about.A. we need exercise more to pull trees outB. how to get away from bad habitsC. talking with a scholar is very importantD. the earlier getting away from bad habits, the better 【答案

31、】(1) CA(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】短文大意：一个富人请求一位智者去除儿子的坏习惯。智者把这个孩子带到了公园，要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很 容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男 孩的一生。(1) C细节理解题。根据短文第一段中的句子“The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden."可知，智者让青年人在花园里与他一起散步，故答案为Co(2) A 细节理解题。根据短文中出现的句子 t

32、o pull out a tiny plant , to pull out a little bigger plant. Now pullout that one, said the old man, pointing to a little tree ." Now take this one out, " said the old man, pointing atbig orange tree.可知,智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物。故答案为 A。(3) C推理判断题。智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还 不明显的时候，去除它们很容

33、易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。智者的这堂特殊的课改掉 了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生，足以说明智者的聪明之处，故答案选Co(4) D 主旨大意题。根据短文倒数第二段智者的话："So it is with bad habits, " said the old man. "When they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted. 可知， 坏习惯要及早的去除，越早远离坏习惯，越好。故答案为Do【点评】主旨大意题（主

34、题、标题）在阅读理解中经常会出现。第四小题适合用捕捉主旨大意来解题。所 谓主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主题思想，中心观点，它常常针对文章的主题，作者的写作意图， 文章段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题也叫归纳概括题。文中智者用拔植物的难易来类比坏习惯的去除也 是如此。当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。也就是 说越早远离坏习惯越好。答案为Do3.阅读下列材料，从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her

35、 amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, "24 Solar Terms（节气）"is the most popular.Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It's the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help

36、 people understand them better.Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start

37、of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish.White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew（ 露珠）is often seen on the grass and tr

38、ees at night. For White Dew , Cinyee chose a raccoon a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots（ 小圆点） on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.（1） The writer gave examples

39、 to show Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five（2） From Paragraph 5, we know that.A. a raccoon likes fishB. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8C. White Dew shows the end of the autumnD. Cinyee used white spots to show dew（3） According to the passage, Picture can't

40、 be from Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".A.B.D.（4） The writer mainly wants to talk aboutA. why Cinyee made herself knownB. who divided a year into 24 partsC. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar termsD. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean【答案】(1) AD(3) D(4) C24种动物及相应的季节【解析】【分析】文章大意：艺术家辛业秋以图片的形式

41、将中国的二十四节气变成 性的水果、蔬菜或美丽的花朵，帮助人们更好地理解它们。(1)理解归纳题。通读文中的第四、五段可知，本文列举了两个实例来说明了辛业秋二十四节气的表现 方式及内容，故选 A。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句She drew white spots(小圆点)on the raccoon to show dew.理解可知，Cinyee用白点来显示白露，故选 D。(3) 细节理解题。根据文中的语句Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are notjust animals. You can a

42、lso find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them. 理解可知， 在每个节气上 有动物，水果，蔬菜以及鲜花。分析四副图片可知第四幅不是来自Cinyee的二十四节气，故选 D。(4)理解归纳题。通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了Cinyee是怎样展示中国二十四节气的，故选 C【点评】考阅读理解。本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。4.阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Nancy's hobby is

43、collecting sharpeners ( 卷笔刀).She spends a lot of time on it after school. She has been collecting more than one hundred sharpeners. They are all different in colour and size.Nancy likes sharpeners with animals on them. In this way, she learns the names of many animals. She also borrows books on anim

44、als from her school library. She learns a lot about them from books.Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same kind. She gives them to her friends. Then they give her other different sharpeners in return. Nancy has many e-friends in many countries. She sends them sharpeners of her country. In r

45、eturn, they send her sharpeners of their countries. Nancy's father also gives her sharpeners. He brings them home from his friends for free.Many of Nancy's friends collect other things. Some collect coins and others collect matchboxes ( 火柴盒)or stamps. But all of them say that Nancy's col

46、lection is the most interesting of all.(1) Nancy spends a lot of time on her hobby.A. before schoolB. in classC. after schoolD. during her holidays(2) Nancy's sharpeners are different in colour and size.A. All ofB. Some ofC. Many ofD. Most of(3) Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same ki

47、nd, she.A. keeps them B. throws them away C. sells them D. gives them to her friends(4) What DON'T Nancy's friends collect?A. Sharpeners B. Coins C. Matchboxes and stampsD. Both B and C(5) How does Nancy collect sharpeners? Which of the following is WRONG?A. Her friends give her some.B. Her

48、e-friends send her some.C. Her father buys her some.D. Her father's friends give her some.【答案】(1) CA(3) D(4) A(5) C(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中 笔刀的。故选C(2)细节理解题。根据第一段中【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了Nancy的爱好一一收集卷笔刀。S She spends a lot of time on it after school.可知，南希是在放学后收集卷“They are all differentin color and size.可知，南希的所有卷

49、笔刀的颜色和尺寸都是不同的。故选Ao(3)细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same kind. She gives them toher friends.可知，她将相同的卷笔刀送给了她的朋友们。故选 D。(4)细节理解题。通过最后一段中"Some collect coins and others collect matchboxes (火柴盒)or stamp s.可知，其他人收集硬币，火柴盒和邮票，不收集卷笔刀，故选Ao(5)理解归纳题。根据第三、四段可知，南希收集卷笔刀的方式有：和朋友互换；笔友送她；

50、爸爸的朋友送她。文中并未提到爸爸给她买卷笔刀。故选Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带 着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。5 .阅读理解I'm writing this article in China, far away from my home in the United States. You might wonder what I do to remember my mom on Mother's Day. Well, l certainly call her to say "Happy M

51、other's Day" and promise that I will visit home soon.I still remember the first time I forget Mother's Day. When I finally figured it out, Lasked, "Why does mom get a special holiday? Why isn't there a Children's Day for us?My mom explained, in that way that only moms seem

52、to be able in explain, "Because every day is Children's Day!"I knew that I had messed up. I thought about all the time and love my mom had given me. I thought about the food she had made, the toys she had brought and the long hours she had spent with me. There might not be a perfect mo

53、m, but there is mom's love, which can fix anything. After that day, for 364 days, I was looking forward to the next Mother's Day.That was the first year l forgot Mother's Day. It was also the last year I forgot.Are you struggling to consider what to do for your mom on Mother's Day?Common things are to write a message that thanks for the love she has given you, send her a card or buy her a gift. But the most important thing is -DON'T FORGET!(1) How does the write