主动语态与被动语态

1、几主动语态与被动语态一 概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去.分词三被动语态的时态：以为work 例:,1. 一般现在时：am / is/are+ worked 丁2. 一般过去时：.3. 一般将来时：shall / will +be+ worked was / were+ worked4. 过去将来时 :should / would+ worked5. 现在进行时:am /is/are+ being+ worked '二6. '< 过去进行时：was /were+ being+ worked7

2、. 过去进行时 : was/were +being +worked8. 现在完成时：have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时：had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时：shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时：should/would +have been+ worked12. 情态动词 (ca n/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五. 方法：Many people spea

3、k English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)六. 注意以下问题：A. -带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for用 to 的常 见 词有： give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用 for 的常见词有： make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.e

4、g.1. Mary gave him some books. ；：He was give n some books 扎 by Mary.Some books were given to him by Mary. 丁2. Her father . bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father.、A new bike was bought for her by her father.B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。eg. 1.扎 We cal

5、l him Gi na.He is called Gina (by us).2. They made - me happy.I was made happy( by them).3. He asked me to come - here.C. 在see, let, make, hear,；：I was asked to come here (by him) - watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。eg. 1. We saw them play football just now.They were seen to play fo

6、otball just now.2. We ofte n hear her sing in En glish.She is often heard to sing in English.D. 出在某些 不及物动词+介词/副词”相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.1. People often talk about that film.That film is often talked about.2. We should speak to the old people politely.The old people should be spoken to .

7、 politely.E. 主动形式表示被动意义的词：1）某些感官动词：，look, smell, taste ,扎feel, wear ,sound, etc.2）某些及物动词+副词：.wash, write, sell, read, ope n,：.：icut, shut, keep,etc.,1. This coat feels soft.2. The pen 扎writes smoothly.3. That book sells well. '二4. This kind of shirt washes easily.F. 只有及物动词（vt.）才有被动语态，不及物动词（vi.）没

8、有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。eg. happenWhat was happened? /xWhat is.；,. What has happened? - G.若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为by的宾语。.happening? Veg. - Our village ope ned a new school last year.A new school was opened in our village last year.H. 若主动句的谓语动词是know变为被动语态时，应将其变为be known to，而不能变为be，, known

9、by。eg. People all over the world kn ow the Great Wall. ?_The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.I. 若主动句的主语是 nobody, no - one等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody, anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。eg. Nobody，can answer this question.This question can not be answered by anybody. 一.句型转换1. A large n um

10、ber of people speak French in Paris.Fren ch,a large n umber of people in Paris.2. My cous in repaired the broke n watch.The broken watchmy cousin.'3. . We should plant the trees around the lake.The treesaround the lake.4. My aunt gave me a present on my 丸birthday.I a present by my aunt on my bir

11、thday.,A ' presentme by my aunt on my birthday.初中英语被动语态专项练习()1 The People's Republic of Chi naon October 1, 1949.A. found B. was foun ded C. is foun dedD. was found()2 En glishin Ca nada.A. speaks B.are spoke n C. is speak ing D. is spoke n()3 This En glish songby the girls after class.A. of

12、te n singsB. ofte n sangC. is ofte n sang D. is ofte n sung()4 This kind of carin Japa n.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made()5 New computersall over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used()6 Our room mustclea n.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -I'd like to

13、 buy that coat.-I'm sorry.A. it soldB. it's selli ngC. It's been sold D. it had bee n sold()8 A new houseat the corner of the road.A. is build ing B. is being built C. bee n built D. be buildi ng()9 The keyon the table whe n I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has bee n lef

14、t()10 Doctorsin every part of the world.A. n eedB. are n eedi ngC. are n eeded D. will n eed()11His new booknext month.A. will be published B. is publish ingC. is being published D. has bee n published()12 Japa nesein every country.A. is not spoke nB. are spoke n C. is speak ingD. is not speak ing()

15、13 These papersyet.A. have not writte nB. have not bee n writte nC. has not writte nD. has not bee n writte n()14 The sports meetbe held un til next week.A. did n'tB. wo n'tC. is n'tD. does n't()15 My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be me nded?B. Let me have a look at it.C. How

16、much do they cost? D. Can't they men ded?()16the watch bee n repaired yet? I badly n eed it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are()17these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do()18 Whyto talk about it yesterday?A. did n't a meet ing holdB. was n't a meeti ng heldC. was n't held a meeti n

17、gD. a meet ing was n't held()19 Who was the book?A. write B. wrote C. writte n D. written by()20 Wherethese boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am()21 The flowersoften.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water()22 The books mayfor two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowedC. keepD

18、. borrow()23 The teacher made himhis homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done()24 The boystreets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clea nB. made clea n C. made to clea nD. was made clea n()25 These childrendance.A. were see n toB. were see n for C. were see nD. saw to()26 Thesestoneswell.A. a

19、re fitted B. fitC. fitsD. is fitted()27 The bike500 yua n.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed()28 The importa nt meeti ngon a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was held C. held D. had()29 Great changesin the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have take n placeC. were tak ing place D.

20、 had take n place()30 You can't use the computer, it.A. was broke n dow nB. is wrong C. is bad D. has broke n dow n()31 Great changesin our country duri ng the past 20 years.A. have happe ned B. happe ned C. have bee n happe ned D. were happe ned()32 The watch has oftendow n.A. sat B. lain C. br

21、oke n D. fell()33 Please pass me ano ther cup. This one.A. is broke n B. is break ingC. broke D. broke n()34 The story booksby the writer in the 1960s.A. are writte nB. were writte nC. are writi ngD. were writ ing()35What timethe doorevery day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close

22、()36 Can hehimself?A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. in stead of()37 He fell from his bike andA. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt()38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_A. bur ntB. bur nC. bur ningD. get bur n()39 The applevery sweet.A. is tasted B. ta

23、ste C. tastes D. are tast ing()40Youmore beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. see B. watch C. look D. look at()41 What you said. like a good idea.A. heard B. liste nedC. sound D. soun ded()42 -What do you thi nk of the TV play? -Won derful. It is wortha seco nd time.A. watchi ngB. watched C. see nD.

24、 see ing()43.How dirty the tables are! They need.A. to clea nB. clea n C. clea ning D. clea ned()44.The book is worthA. see ingB. readi ngC. see n D. read()45 The broken bikehere by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can men ded C. can be mend D. can be men ded()46 The old bridge in my hometownnext month.A. is

25、 going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt()47 The playat the theatre next Sun day.A. is going to be show nB. will show nC. will show D. is show n()48 The old stone bridgenext week.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. wi

26、ll rebuild()49 Now these magazinesin the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keep ingC. have bee n keep ingD. have bee n kept()50 The potforhot water.A. used; keep ingB. was used; keep ing C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep()51 Teain the south of Chi na.A. grows B. is grow n C. were grow

27、n D. will grow()55 The bridgestwo years ago. WO It's a Haidia n top problemA. is built B. built C. were builtD. was built()56 Wet clothes are ofte nup n ear a fire in rainy weather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung()57The river smells terrible. People mustdirty things into it.A. be stopped to thr

28、owB. be stopped from throw ingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing()58 The teapotwater.A. is filled withB. filled of C. fulli ng ofD. filled()59 Old people must be looked Fer well andpolitely.A. speak to B.spoken C.speak D.spoken to()60Old people mustA. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. look

29、ed well afterD. be looked after well()61 Newly-born babiesin hospital.A. are take n good careB. are take n good care ofC. take good care ofD. take good care()62 They wereat the sudde n no ise.A. frighte ningB. frighte ned C. frighte nD. frighte ns()63 These wallsstone.A. are made of B. made of C. ar

30、e made into D. made into()64 Janeto sing us an America n song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said()65 The papersto them.A. were show nB. show C. show nD. have show n()66The coather sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to()67 Ifive minu tes to decide whe

31、ther I should go or not.A. gave B. was givi ng C. had give n D. was give n()68 Good caresuch thi ngs.A. should take of B. should be take n C. should be tak ingD. should be take n of初中英语总复习专项练习一动词时态、语态I 根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It is a fine day. The sun(shi ne) brightly.2. They(visit) the Scie nce Museum

32、 next Sun day.3. Mr Brow n(live) in Beiji ng since he came to China.4. Mr Wang(teach) us En glish two years ago.5. The Smiths( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We(learn) about ten En glish songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isn 

33、9; t here. He(chat) with his friends in the ctam.9. The teacher said that the moon(go) round the earth.10. The Young Pion eers will go to the zoo if it(not rain) this Sun day.11. Liste n! They(talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what(happe n) in Chi na in 1976.13. My mobile phone(steal) on a b

34、us last week.14. The host(in terview) the little boy just now.15. The Gree ns(watch) TV now.16. He said that he(ring) me up whe n he got there.17. We(lear n) En glish for about three years.18. My brother(joi n) the League in 1997.19. The farmers(pick) apples whe n I saw them.20. The red skirt(cost)

35、the girl forty yua n.21. The film(begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wan ted to be an En glish teacher whe n she(grow) up.23. My sister is a stude nt and she(study) at a middle school n earby.24. Mr Gree n(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You

36、(catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. you been(wear) glasses all the time?27. I ' ll go home as soon as I(finish) my homework.29. Most scie nce books are(write) in En glish.30. I(stay) there for two mon ths last year.II 根据句意，选择填空。31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she.A. will arrive B.

37、gets there C. has gone D. reach here32. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. What' s the FRatter? well last night.A. didn ' t sleeB. don ' t sleepC. haven ' t sleptD. won ' t sleep33. -Excuse me, look at the sig n over there, please. Could you stop smok ing?-Sorry, Ithat.A. didn ' t se

38、B. don ' t seeC. won ' t seeD. can ' t see34. -Well, I found this. I thi nk it must be yours.-My watch! Thank you. Whereit.A. do you find B. had you foundC. were you finding D. did you find35. -D on you know whe n Dr Whitefor dinner this eve ning?-No, but I think hewhe n he is free.A. wi

39、ll come; comes B. will come; will comeC. comes; comes D. comes; will come36. Look at those black clouds. Itrain. Let' s hurry.A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37. -Jimmy is leavi ng for a holiday. -Really? Wherehe?A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38. -Shall we go shopp ing no

40、w?-Sorry, I can't. Imy shirts.A. wash B. washes C. washed C. am washi ng39. -I called you yesterday eve ning, but there was no an swer.-Oh, I am sorry. Idinner at my frie nd's home.A. have B. had C. was havi ng D. have had40. The Orie ntal Pearl TV Towerthousa nds of visitors since 1995.A. a

41、ttracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract41. -youyour e-mails today?-Not yet. There's someth ing wro ng with my computer.A. Have; checked B. Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; check ing42. -How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? -Oh, Isuch a beautiful city before.A. don't visit B. did n

42、't visit C. have n't visitedD. had n't visited43. -Tom, may I borrow your book Chicke n Soup?-Sorry, Iit to Mary.A. le nt B. have lent C. had lent D. le nd44. -Mum, may I go out to play football?-youyour homework yet?A. Have; fini shedB. Do; fini shedC. Are; fin ishi ngD. Did; fin ish45.

43、 -The tra in is leavi ng right now, but David has n't arrived yet.-Well, he said hehere on time.A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be46. -Why did n't you go to the cin ema yesterday?Because Ithe film before.A. had see n B. have see n C. have watched D. has watched47. I don't thi nk

44、Joh n saw me. Hea book at that mome nt.A. just read B. has just read C. was just readi ng D. had just read48. Mr Smitha book about China last year but I don't know whether he has fini shedit.A. has writte nB. wrote C. had writte n D. was writ ing49. Mr Whitethe newspaper while his daughterTV.A.

45、has read; was watchi ng B. was readi ng; watchedC. was readi ng; was watchi ngD. read ing; watched50. - Iyou at the meeti ng. Why? -I was ill.A. saw B. have see n C. not see D. did n't see51. The 29th Olympic Gamesin Beiji ng in 2008.A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held52. Hurry up! The

46、playfor ten minu tes.A. has bee n on B. has begu n C. had beg un D. bega n53. -May I speak to Mr Smith? -Sorry, heAustralia. But hein two days.A. has bee n to; will come back B. has gone to; will be backC. has bee n in; would come back D. is leavi ng for; does n't come back54. I can't go to

47、the theater toni ght because Imy ticket.A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was los ing55. -What a nice bike! How longyouit? -Just two weeks.A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; havi ng56. -I'm sorry to have kept you wait ing.-Oh, not at all. Ihere only for a few minu tes.A. hav

48、e come B. had bee n C. was D. have bee n57. -my dicti on ary an ywhere?- Yes. I saw it on your desk a mome nt ago.A. Did you see B. If you see C. Had you see n D. Would you see58. We were all surprised whe n he mad it clear that heoffice soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left59. Mrs

49、 Smithher keys in the office, so she had to wait un til her husba ndhome.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; would come D. had left; came60. -What did your son say in the letter?-He told me that hethe Dis neyla nd the n ext day.A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will v

50、isit61. In some parts of the world, teawith milk and sugar.A. is servi ngB. is served C. serves D. served62. -Did you win the basketball game? -Bad luck. Our teamin the end.A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beate n63. I believe that those mountainswith trees in a few years.A. are covered B. will be c

51、overed C. are coveri ng D. will cover64. I like my new bike. Itvery well.A. rides B. is ridi ngC. is ridde n D. has ridde n65. -Do you think this kind of applewell? -No, I don't thi nk so.A. have sold B. sells C. are sold D. would sell66. I was n't at home yesterday. Ito help with the harves

52、t on the farm.A. asked B. was asked C. was ask ingD. had asked67. How sweet the music! I have n ever heard a better piece.A. soun ded B. is soun ded C. is soun ded to be D. sounds68. -Ca n you tell me whom the playin 1998? -Sorry, I don't know.A. was writte n byB. was writte nC. is writte n by D

53、. is writte n69. -What does the sentence "Don't trouble trouble till troubleyou" mean?-Sorry, I have no idea.A. trouble B. troubles C. troubled D. will trouble70. Do you thi nkan En glish film tomorrow ni ght?A. there is B. there is going to have C. there is going to be D. there was71.

54、 Almost all the watergone. Please save water!A. are B. is C. have D. were72. Janea new dress every month whe n she was in Shan ghai.A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy73. -Who jumps the farthest in your school?-He nry.A. does B. jumps C. has D. did74. You were on the farm yesterday,you?A. did

55、 n't B. don't C. aren't D. were n't75. Li Ping studied hard,he?A. was B. did C. was n't D. did n't76. Both Kate and Iready for the pic nic now.A. is not B. is gett ingC. are gett ingD. am gett ing77. A talk on Chin ese historyin the school hall next week.A. is give nB. has be

56、e n give n C. will be give nD. will give78. -I hear your fatherto Japa n on ce.-Yes. Hethere last year.A. went; has bee n B. has bee n; went C. goes; went D. has bee n; has bee n79. -Mike wants to know ifa pic nic tomorrow.-Of course. But if it, we'll visit the museum in stead.A. you have; will rain B. you will have; will rainC. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains80. -My good frie nd, Mike, wants to be a soldier whe n he grows up.-SoI.A. do B. am C. will D. should81. Itten years since theyto Fran ce.A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. has; have moved D. has bee n; m