高中英语条件句虚拟语气语法详解

1、 英语动词有英语动词有 种语气种语气 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三三区别区别:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.陈述语气陈述语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 条件句中虚拟语气的考点条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法；、基本用法；2、 混合条件句；

2、混合条件句；3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装4、含蓄条件句、含蓄条件句;if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句主从句的谓语形式主从句的谓语形式时间时间If 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原原)虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1. I

3、f you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来与将来事实可能相反事实可能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事与现在事实相反，

4、事实上我不可能是你实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中混合条件句混合条件句: :有时有时主句主句和和从句从句的的动作动作发生在发生在不不同同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而因时间不同而不同不同，这就叫，这就叫混合条件句。混合条件句。If you your father advice,had takenYou in the traffic jam now.wouldnt have trappedIf + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动

5、词动词原原形形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would hav

6、e passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to com

7、e here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词动词原原形形如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句从句表示表示现在现在，主句主句表示表示过去过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。如

8、果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句从句表示表示过去过去，主句主句表示表示现在现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。工作了。从句从句表表过去过去进行，进行，主句表现在主句表现在进行进行If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.If you If you had followedhad followed my a

9、dvice, you my advice, you would be able to finishwould be able to finish the work now. the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句从句说明说明过去过去，主句主句说明说明现在现在。）。）If I If I werewere you, I you, I would have gonewould have gone to to her birthday party.her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚

10、会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句从句说明说明现在现在，主句主句说明说明过去过去。）。） If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money, me some money, I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house and most likely I house and most likely I would bewould be still livingstill living in the dangerous in the dangerous

11、 house house nownow. .假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明（从句说明过去过去，主句说明，主句说明过去过去和和现现在在。）。） 1. 如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了 If the weather _finer, the crops _still better. 2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了院里了 If you _ the teachers advice, you

12、 _ in the hospital. 3. 如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的你去帮助他们工作的 If you in better health,we _ you to go there to help their work.had beencould have allowedwould be growinghad followedwouldnt bewereIf If虚拟句的省略和倒装虚拟句的省略和倒装如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were, had, should时时, , 可以省可以省略略ifif倒装成：倒装成：Were

13、 / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, Had he been there yesterday, Should it snow tomorrow, If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。部

14、电影了。 如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive有时有时 假设的情况并不以假设的情

15、况并不以条件从句条件从句表示表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者从等，或者从上下文上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条含蓄条件句件句，主句要用，主句要用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet.2.I _ (giv

16、e) you more help, but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking _ (be) dead in seven days.4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.would have takenwould have takenmight have given would be would be 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如： What would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语

17、without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是暗含条件是but for your help)This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中) He s

18、tudied hard at high school, or he couldnt have entered Beijing University. (暗含条件是连词暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：条件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. (可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reput

19、ation would be ruined. (可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time. (可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)虚拟语气虚拟语气1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I had known you wer

20、e coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metMore ExercisesAD虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A.

21、had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCABIf you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet _I you, I would go with him to

22、the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. WereIf it_ tomorrow, I wouldnt attend the party. A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. were to rain I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have hadHad you listened to the doctor，you _ all right. A. are B. were C. w

23、ould be D. would have beenWithout sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived 1. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.(2010,天津)A. followed B. sho

24、uld follow C. had followed D. would follow2. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.(2010,重庆) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 3. If we _ the other road ,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.(2010,陕西) A. take B. had taken C. took D.

25、have taken4. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .(2010,浙江)A. would have been savedB. had been saved C. will be savedD. was saved5.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 6. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be7.-Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I would have, but an unexpected visitor _ to see me. A. came B. would come C. had come D. was comi