高中英语语法-直接引语和间接引语

1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech） 直接引语直接引语( (direct speech) ：直接引述别人的原话直接引述别人的原话, ,把把它放在引号内它放在引号内 间接引语间接引语(in(indirect speech)：用自己的话转述别人的话用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句4类别： 类别类别1:直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句 类别类别2:直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 类别类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句 类别类别4:直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一

2、般疑问句类别类别1:1:直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句 当祈使句是肯定句时，使用 . 当祈使句是否定句时，使用 .ask/tell sb. to do sthask/tell sb. not to do sth egeg. . 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vHe said to me, “open the window, please.”He asked me to open the window. vThe teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking!“The teacher told the students to st

3、op talking. 注意：一般情况下，1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求： 使用 ask sb (not) to do sth 2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等 语气：使用 tell/order/advise sb (not) to do sth 1. Mother said to him, dont cry! Mother him cry.2. I said to him yesterday, please come early.Yesterday I _ him early. Now, lets check:told not toaskedto come类别类别2

4、:2:直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 1. 用连词用连词 来引导间接引语来引导间接引语2. 从句中的从句中的人称、时态人称、时态、指示代词、时、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化等要做相应的变化that类别类别2:2:直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 一、人称的变化规律一、人称的变化规律 eg1. eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vShe said,“ I like tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。巧记为：一随主一

5、随主 vHe said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.eg2. eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称 保持一致。巧记为：二随宾二随宾 vShe said to me , “ They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.eg3. eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论3：当直接引

6、语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。巧记为：三不变三不变 类别类别2:2:直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 二、时态的变化规律二、时态的变化规律结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时， 直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句的时态无需变化。vHe says, I will do it tomorrow.”eg1. eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语He says that he will do it tomorrow. eg2. eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vHe said, “I am a teacher.”He said he wa

7、s a teacher.结论2：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去 时，直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句要用与过去相关的时态。 直接引语直接引语direct speech间接引语间接引语indirect speech一般一般现在现在时时一般一般过去过去时时现在现在进行时进行时过去过去进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时过去过去完成时完成时一般一般过去过去时时过去完成过去完成时时一般一般将来时将来时过去过去将来时将来时过去完成时过去完成时不变（过去完成时）不变（过去完成时）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时v时态的变化时态的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语He said， “Im afraid I cant f

8、inish the work.”He said， “Im using the knife.”She said， “Ive not heard from him since May.”He said， “I came to help you.”She said， “Ill do it after class.”He said， “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished the homework before supper.He said that he was afraid he couldnt

9、 finish the work.He said that he was using the knife.She said that she had not heard from him since May.He said that he had come to helpme.She said that she would do it after class.eg3. eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vThe teacher said, The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said（that）the earth goe

10、s round the sun.结论3：直接引语若表示的是 客观事实或真理时, 变间接引语时时态不变。 Attention:When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理真理 b) a timetable 时间表时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言格言/ /引用语引用语d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语过去的时间状语There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect spee

11、ch.1.He said, “the earth is round.”2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”Change direct speech into indirect speech:He said that the earth is round.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.He said that Rome isnt built

12、in a day.Tom said he was born in July, 1978.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotoday/tonighttomorrowthatthosethenbefore / earlierthat day/that nightthe next /following day直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day b

13、efore yesterdaycomebringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforegotakethere类别类别3:直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句 1、引导词为、引导词为 .2、疑问语序要改成、疑问语序要改成 . （疑问词（疑问词 + 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 其他成分）其他成分） 3、人称人称的改变的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态时态的变化的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态任何时态。 主句用过去时，从句用主句用过

14、去时，从句用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。) 疑问词疑问词陈述句语序陈述句语序1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me the train .2. What time did he get up today? I dont know. I dont know what time up today.Now, lets check :whenarriveshe got3. He asked, “ Whats the matter?”He asked _ .what was the matter “ Whats t

15、he matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?” 变间接引语语序不变。类别类别4:4:直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句 1、用连词、用连词 引导引导2、语序要改成、语序要改成 .3、人称人称的改变的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态时态的变化的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态任何时态。 主句用过去时，从句用主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。) if/whether陈述句语序陈述句语序v “Do you like English?” Jim asked

16、Tom.egeg. . 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语Jim asked Tom if/whether he liked English.Jim asked Tom whether he liked English or not.结论：当句中用了whether or not或whetheror时, 不能用if来替换whether。 v “Do you like English or Chinese?” Jim asked Tom.Jim asked Tom whether he liked English or Chinese.1. “Is your mother a d

17、octor?”Lucy asked me.Lucy asked me a doctor.2. He said.,”Did you see the girl?”He asked _ the girl or not. Now, lets check :ifmy motherwaswhether Ihad seenKey to P.5 Ex.2 1. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. 4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters.5. “Are you