2018-2019学年上海市徐汇区高二上学期期末学习能力诊断英语试题解析版

1、徐汇区2018-2019学年第一学期学习能力诊断卷高二英语试卷I. Listening comprehension (15%)Section A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be sp

2、oken only once. After you hear aconversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.At the hotel. B. At a clothes shop. C. At the tailor' s. D. At alaundry.2. A.2:00 p.m. B. 5:00 p.m. C.

3、 6:00 p.m. D. 8:00 p.m.3. A.Organize a party. B. Go camping. C. Decorate a new house. D. Rent a tent.4. A.Boss and clerk. B. Nurse and patient. C. Mother and child. D. Manager and customer.5. A.He has to make the last decision. B. He should have invested more.C. It ' s risky to make such an inve

4、stment. D. It's better for him to take outhis savings.6. A.He is busy writing a report. B. He has to meet with a reporter.C. He is fully occupied in the morning. D. He feels very tired in the morning.7. A.The man should buy himself a new suit.8. The man looks silly in jeans and T-shirts.9. The m

5、an needn' t dress formally on the occasion.10. The man has left a good impression on her family.8. A.He thinks the lecture is great. B. He didn' t listen to the lecture.C. He doesn ' t agree with the woman. D. He couldn ' t understand the lecturer.9. A.John should consider his privac

6、y first.B. John will choose a low-rent apartment.C. John ' s unlikely to move out of the dormitory.D. John ' s not certain if he can find a quiet place.10. A. She will get her car back on Friday.B. She may not be able to give the man a ride.C. She isn ' t sure whether she will go to the

7、party.D. She ' s just returned from a visit to the Andersons.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passage and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. W

8、hen you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 12 are based on the following passage.11. A. It ' s unpredictable. B. It ' s quite stable.C. It ' s not optimistic. D. I

9、t' s promising.12. A. They need more work experience. B. The salary is usually good.C. Their choice is limited. D. They have lower expectations.Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following conversation.13. A. To work on a project.B. To study German.C. To start a new company.D. To travel ar

10、ound.14. A. The weather. B. The food. C. The schools. D. The people.15. A. Bring them to Germany later. B. Leave them in England.C. Visit them in a few months. D. Take them to Germany with him.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10%)Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to

11、make the passagescoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Keep Your Eyes Open for Weight Loss AdsIn only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.“Two fu

12、ll inches in the first three days!These are the kinds of statements 1(use) in magazine, newspaper, radioand television ads,2(promise) new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they 3 shape the legs,slim the face and smooth wrinkles. Often suc

13、h products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public,4 is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. I

14、f the product is a drug, FDA(Food and Drug Administration) can require proof that it is safe and effective before it 5 (put) on the market. But if the product is a device, FDAhas no authority 6 (require) premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness.7 a product already on the market is a danger to h

15、ealth, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action, including seizure (查封)of the product.One notable case a few years ago 8 (involve) an electrical device calledthe Relaxacisor,9 had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relax

16、acisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds 10 it was dangerous to health and life.【答案】1. used2. promising3. can 4. it5. is put 6. to require7. If 8. involved9. which 10. that【解析】本文为说明

17、文。介绍了一些所谓的塑身、健美、美容的商品广告，商家和促销商仅仅是为了 挣钱，而实际的结果令人怀疑，有些还有害于健康。事实证明，许多投放在市场上的医疗设备并不受法律的约束，在购买前消费者要自己判断它们的安全和效果。【1题详解】考查过去分词。句意：这些都是在杂志、报纸、广播和电视广告中使用的语句。此处与statements是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动。故填 used。【2题详解】考查现在分词。句意：向那些购买药物或设备的人承诺新身材和新面貌。此处与statements是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填 promising 。33题详解】考查情态动词。句意：该产品的推广人

18、员表示，它们可以塑形腿部，使脸部纤细，抚平皱纹。can "能够"。故填 can。【4题详解】考查代词。句意：了解这些产品是如何合法地向公众推广的，有必要了解一些相关法律。此处是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，应使用代词it。故填it。【5题详解】考查语态。句意：如果该产品是一种药物，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）可以要求证明它是安全有效的，然后才能投放市场。根据句意可知，it和动词put是被动关系，作谓语应使用被动语态。故填is put 。【6题详解】考查不定式。句意：但如果该产品是一种设备，FDA无权要求上市前提供安全性或有效性的证明。authority 后常跟不

19、定式做定语，have no authority to do sth."无权做某事”。故填to require 。77题详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果已经上市的产品对健康构成威胁，FDA可以要求生产商或分销商自愿将其撤出市场，也可以采取法律行动，包括没收该产品。if “如果”。故填If。【8题详解】考查时态。句意：几年前，一个著名的案例涉及一种名为Relaxacisor 的电子设备。根据时间状语a few years ago 可知，此处应使用一般过去时。故填 involved 。99题详解】考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是the Relaxacisor ,关系词在从句

20、中做主语，应使用关系代词 which引导。故填 which。【10题详解】考查固定结构。句意：FDA寸该经销商采取了法律行动，停止销售该设备，理由是它对健康和 生命有危险。固定结构：on the grounds that "由于（根据）"。故填 that。Section B （10%）Direction:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you n

21、eed.A transfbnmngB. affectedC constructD attackE. rangeF. academicG. prohibit HcommunitiesI. removeJ. forcingK. coimnercialRed grouper （石斑鱼）are known for a few key characteristics their color, which can 11 from pink to bright orange; their tastiness, whether they' re grilledor fried; and their p

22、redation （掠夺行为）method, in which they 12 sea creatures and swallow them whole.But their least-known characteristic might be the most valuable of all: They operate as underwater architects,13 the seascape for numerous other forms of underwater life. That surprising discovery is 14 scientists and polic

23、ymakersto readjust their approach to preserving the ocean' s natural order - and heightening tensions with those who fish for a living or as a hobby.A team of scientists, led by Florida State University ' s Feli cia Coleman, recently found that the red grouper off Florida ' s east and we

24、st coasts have created entire ocean 15 by digging large holes in the sea ' s sandy bottom. In the same way beavers 16 dams, red grouper dig and maintain distinct holes whose rocky surfaces provide a place for coral, sponges and other marine life to gather.This new understanding is changing the w

25、ay federal and state authorities manage ocean habitats and is creating a completely new crack with fishermen."The peoplewho are in control want to 17 fishing as much as possible, " said Bob Jones,executive director of the Southeastern Fisheries Association. He added that the recent discove

26、ries about red grouper amount to an “excuse they can use to restrict fishing, 18 or r ecreational. ”But to many researchers,fishery officials and even some fishermen, the fact that fish act as environmental engineers provides a compelling reason to protect them fromexploitation.If you 19 that fish,

27、it puts into motion a whole chain of events, " saidDon deMaria, who used to fish for red grouper near Key Largo, Fla., but no longerdoes."There' s a whole lot of other animals that arecan' t catch them. But you can ' t do it to the extent we20 years.”【答案】11. E 12. D20. I '

28、m not saying youve been doing for the last13. A 14. J15. H 16. C17. G 18. K19. I 20. B【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍红石斑鱼对海洋环境的重要作用。A. transforming 改变； B. affected 影响； C. construct 构造； D. attack 袭击； E. range（在内）变动；F. academic 学术的；G. prohibit 禁止；H. communities 群体；I. remove移除；J. forcing 强迫；K. commercial 商业的。【11题详解】句意

29、：它们的颜色范围可以从粉色到明亮的橙色。故E选项正确。【12题详解】句意：它们捕食海洋生物并将其整个吞下。故D选项正确。【13题详解】句意：他们作为水下建筑师，为许多其他形式的水下生物改造海景。故A选项正确。【14题详解】句意：这一惊人的发现迫使科学家和决策者重新调整他们保护海洋自然秩序的方法，并加剧了与那些以捕鱼为生或以捕鱼为业余爱好的人之间的紧张关系。故J选项正确。【15题详解】句意：佛罗里达东海岸和西海岸附近的红石斑鱼通过在海底的沙质海床上挖大洞，创造了整个海洋群落。故 H选项正确。【16题详解】句意：与海狸筑坝的方法相同，红石斑鱼也会挖洞并保持不同的洞。故C选项正确。【17题详解】G选

30、项正确。句意：控制局面的人希望尽可能地禁止捕鱼。故 【18题详解】句意：他补充说，最近关于红石斑鱼的发现是“他们可以用来限制捕鱼、商业或娱乐的借口”。故K选项正确。【19题详解】句意：如果你把那条鱼移走，它就会引发一连串的事件。故 I选项正确。 【20题详解】句意：很多其它动物也受到了影响。故B选项正确。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15%)Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. F

31、ill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The concept of solitude (独处)in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 21. Solitude can be hard to discover once it

32、hasbeen given up. In this respect, new technologies have 22 our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitudeto a(n) 23 as we' ve knownit. People have become so 24 in the world of networks and connections that onecan often be contacted even if they' d rather not be. Today we can ta

33、lk, text, e-mail, chat and blog, not only from our 25, but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become 26 on digital technology simply because they ' ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not27 it would make theman outsider. 28, many jobs and careers require people t

34、o be 29. From thispoint of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 30 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who really wants it. Computers can be 31 and m

35、obile phones can be turned off. The abilityto be aconnected " and"on" has many 32. Travelers have ended up 33 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. However, they can also make people feel 34 and forced to answer unwanted calls or turn to unwantedtexts.Attitudes t

36、owards our connectedness as a society35 across generations.Some find today ' s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone' s view on the subject, it ' s hard to imagine what life would be like without daily advancements in technology.21. A. updated B. received C.

37、 shared D. collected22. A. expanded B. shaped C. retained D. promoted23. A. mission B. orbit C. end D. desire24. A. powerful B. intelligent C. concerned D. reachable25. A. media B. computers C. headsets D. monitors26. A. tough B. hard C.keen D. dependent27. A. finding B. using C. attending D. consum

38、ing28. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow29. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested30. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment31. A. put off B. shut down C. taken over D. set up32. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions33. A. packed B. lost C. survived

39、D. floated34. A. trapped B. attempted C. confused D. committed35. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist29.【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. AA 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. A【解析】【分析】本文为议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会

40、是什么样子。【21题详解】 考查动词辨析。 A. updated 更新；B. received 接收；C. shared 分享；D. collected 收集。根据上一句可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于分享。故C选项正确。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。 A. expanded 扩张；B. shaped 塑造；C. retained 保持；D. promoted 促进。 根据下文 From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.可知，从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。故B选项正确。【2

41、3题详解】考查名词辨析。 A. mission 任务；B. orbit 轨道；C. end结束；D. desire 渴望。句意：被 联系的渴望使独处消亡。bring an end to "使结束"。故C选项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词辨析。 A. powerful强有力的；B. intelligent有才智的；C. concerned 担心的；D. reachable 可到达的。句意：在网络交织的世界里，人们已经变得如此随处可及。故D选项正确。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。 A. media 媒体；B. computers 电脑；C. headsets 耳机；D. moni

42、tors 监视 器。句意：今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话、编辑短信、发邮件、聊天 和写博客。故B选项正确。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。 A. tough 困难的；B. hard 辛苦的；C. keen渴望的；D. dependent依靠 的。句意：大多数发达国家已经依赖于数码技术，仅仅因为习惯于此。be dependent on "对 依赖”。故D选项正确。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。 A. finding 发现；B. using 使用；C. attending 参加；D. consuming 消耗。句意：这个时候，不使用数码技术将会使他们成为局外人。故B选项正确。

43、【28题详解】考查副词辨析。 A. Also而且；B. Instead 相反；C. Otherwise 否则；D. SomehoM知何故，不知怎地。句意：而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。表示递进，故A选项正确。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。A. connected 连接，联系；B. trained 训I练；C. recommended推荐；D. interested使感兴趣。句意：许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。表示“联系”，故A选项正确。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。 A. pleasure 乐事；B. benefit 益事；C. burden 负担；D. disappointment

44、令人失望的事。句意：对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可能感觉像个 负担。故C选项正确。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。 A. put off推迟；B. shut down关闭（与该空后turn off 一致）；C. taken over接管；D. set up 设立。句意：电脑可以被关机，手机也是。故 B选项正确。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。A. aspects 方面；B. weaknesses 弱点； C. advantages 优势（与该空后disadvantage 相对）；D. exceptions 例外。句意：能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端。故C选项正确。【33题详解】考

45、查形容词辨析。A. packed充满的；B. lost迷路的；C. survived 幸存的；D. floated浮动的。句意：旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。end updone/adj./doing "以告终（为结局）”。故B选项正确。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. trapped 被困的，受限制的；B. attempted 企图的；C. confused 困惑的；D. committed 效忠的。句意：手机也会使人们感到受限制故 A选项正确。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。A. vary 变化，呈多样化；B. arise （问题）出现；C. spread散步，蔓延

46、；D. exist 存在。句意：对于我们被连接成一个社会，不同代的人态度不一。故A选项正确。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第 2小题要求判断出新技术把我们的文化怎么样了。该题可根据下文From this point of view, technology has changed the culture ofwork.得出结论，作者认为从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。A. expanded扩张；B.shaped塑造；C. retained保持；D. promoted 促进。故 B选项正确。Sectio

47、n B （12%）Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ALooking back on t

48、he first twenty years of my life, I feel grateful to have been so healthy and happy. For my happiness, I am grateful to so many people and lucky events, but what have guided me and supported me in my life are my physical health, healthy finances, and my family ' s happiness.Health comes first fo

49、r me, because without health everything else is meaningless. Imagine starting a career without good health. Imagine starting a family without good health. Imagine achieving anything without good health. Clearly, good health is the first necessary for other part of one' s life.Good health is not

50、enough to be happy. We still need to have money in today' ssociety. Money obviously pays for basic needs of life- food, housing, clothing 一but it is also necessary for other reason like the quality of our education and medical care.Next comes the most important thing in having a happy lifeour fa

51、mily. Itprovides the love, joy and support that everybody needs. I love my family with all my heart. I get pleasure from their pleasure. I suffer when they suffer. My family helped me get through the hard times of entrance exams. They comforted and advised mewhen I had misunderstanding with my frien

52、ds. More importantly, they have been there to share in my successes in the past twenty years. In summary, all these are whatI need and want in this world. As long as I stay healthy, earn enough money, and share both good times and bad times with my family, I will always be the happiest girl in the w

53、orld.36. The writer mentions her entrance exams to prove that.A. opportunities go to those with strong beliefsB. our quality of life can be improved with moneyC. nothing can be achieved without a healthy bodyD. family provides the support that everybody needs37. What is the main purpose of this pass

54、age?A. To argue about the importance of money.B. To explain what are the keys to happiness.C. To discuss ways of dealing with difficulties.D. To show people ' s different attitudes to happiness.38. How is the passage organized?A. Introduction Explanation SummaryB. Examples Argument SummaryC. Arg

55、ument Topic ConclusionD. Topic Examples Conclusion【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A【解析】【分析】本文叙述了作者回顾过去的前20年做了一下总结，其中有三个因素在人生中是非常重要的。一是身体健康，她认为健康比人生中的其他任何方面都重要。二是必须要有钱，它是维持和改善生活的保障。三是家庭，它是人处于困境中的避风港，同时又给人带来快乐。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段中的Next comes the most important thing in having a happylife our family. It provides th

56、e love, joy and support that everybody needs.可知，作者认为家庭是拥有幸福生活中最重要的事情，它提供每个人都需要的爱、欢乐和支持。作者在这一段中提到自己的家人帮助她度过了入学考试的艰难时期，是为了证明家庭提供每个人都需要的支持。故D选项正确。【37题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段是主题段，第一段中的For my happiness, I amgrateful to so manypeople and lucky events, but what have guided me and supported me in my life are myphysi

57、cal health, healthy finances, and my family' s happiness. 及下文对三个因素的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释什么是幸福的关键。故 B选项正确。【38题详解】文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段属于主题段，指明人生中是非常重要的三个因素；第二、三、四段分别解释了身体健康、健康的财务状况和家庭幸福对个人幸福的作用，最后一段中 的 In summary, all these are what I need and want in this world. As long as I stay healthy, earn enough mo

58、ney, and share both good times and bad times with my family,I will always be the happiest girl in the world.是对文章的总结。由此可知， A选项正确。【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能 力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读 材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据 题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子（即定位），然后进行比较和分析（尤其要注意一些同义转换），从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提