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1、G.8032/Y.13442010/03SummaryAPSprotection switching mechanisms(characteristics, architectures)ETH layer Ethernet ring topologiesincorporates Amendment 1 (2010),Appendix X (minimizing segmentation in interconnected rings)multiple faults that could cause segmentation in a network of interconnected ring

2、s.uses additional management information and configuration of MEPAppendix XI (end-to-end service resilience)ring protection to interact with the full service protectionITU-T G.8031/Y.13421 ScopeAPSProtection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet Ring topologiesThe ETH layer ring maps to the ph

3、ysical layer ring structure.2 ReferencesITU-T G.805ITU-T G.8062009版ITU-T G.808.1ITU-T G.809ITU-T G.870ITU-T G.8010ITU-T G.8021ITU-T Y.1731IEEE 802.1Q3 Definitions3.1 Terms defined elsewhere和1相比,唯一的区别是G.8021中多定义了一个ETHDi/ETH adaptation function (ETHDi/ETH_A)3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation3.2.

4、1 Ethernet ring由ring node形成的一个物理上闭合的回路,每个ring node和邻接的ring node相连。注意表述中说的是ethernet ring和ethernet ring node, 并非erp ring或erp ring node,即讨论物理层,Ethernet层面,环的组成和连接,erp ring 和node 映射到该ring物理结构上,实际情况Ethernet ring 简写不就是ERP吗?想多了中,如果其中有非支持erp的ring node,应视为透明的link;由此产生的单通状态【如cc单通,或一侧link单通】按erp单通逻辑处理假如中间节点不支持E

5、RP,则中间节点不会控制端口的block或unblock,此时有无cc,以及cc有否defect都没有关系;两侧节点会care cc状态和link状态。3.2.2 Ethernet ring nodeA network element which implements at least the following functionalities:ETH_C+ ETH_FF for forwarding APSTwo ring ports, including ETHDi/ETH adaptation functionERP control process controlling the blo

6、cking and unblocking of traffic over the ring ports.上述几个function在G.8021中定义,需要进一步学习3.2.3 ERP instance3.2.4 interconnection node表述相当拗口,逻辑还是简单的,简单说互联节点,就是连接多个ring的节点;多个ring中,一个是major ring, 每个互联节点有2个ring port参与, 其它都是sub-ring,每个互联节点有且只有一个ring port参与.Be common to 与共有互联节点和共享节点不同,共享节点是多个ring共享该节点,各个ring彼此独立

7、,每个ring,有2个ring port参与在没有定义major ring和sub ring的时候抛出interconnection node的概念,又没有图说明,是不妥当滴。3.2.5 major ring物理和逻辑上都闭合的环,共享link属于major ring,每个共享节点有2个ring port参与3.2.6 R-APS virtual channel叙述相当稀烂;ERPS中有2种通道,traffic channel和R-APS channel,在多环的情况下,子环物理和逻辑上未闭合,v1a1中引入virtual channel的概念,让sub ring的R-APS message在

8、主环中透传,从而实现子环逻辑上的闭合3.2.7 ring MEL3.2.8 ring protection link (RPL)3.2.9 RPL neighbour node:逻辑很容易理解,但引入neighbour不过是能 block rpl的另一端,有什么现实意义?减少无效流量侵占带宽?3.2.10 RPL owner nodeOwner如何相应FS/MS请求?3.2.11 sub-ring3.2.12 sub-ring linkSpan这里如何翻译?node之间的间距?3.2.13 wait to block timer4 Abbreviations新增BPR,FS,MS,ID,TCM

9、,VPLS5 Conventions5.1 Representation of octets多个8位元组表达一个2进制数,低位在前,高位在后BINHEX0000 0010 0110 11006C 028位元组内部,高位在前,低位在后6 IntroductionMechanisms, APS apply on ETH ringwide-area multipoint connectivity, more economically(reduced number of links)highly reliable and stable protection, never form loopsring

10、protection switching architectureloop avoidanceat any time, traffic may flow on all but one of the ring links.Ethernet flow forwarding function (ETH_FF)this Recommendation shall be applicable for a multi-ring/ladder network, if the followingprinciples are adhered to:a) R-APS channels are not shared

11、across Ethernet ring interconnections;独立RAPS通道b) On each ring port, each traffic channel and each R-APS channel are controlled (e.g., for blocking or flushing) by the Ethernet ring protection control process (ERP control process) of only one Ethernet ring;各环有独立控制的ring port, tc, rc,不共享c) Each major r

12、ing or sub-ring must have its own RPL.独立RPL7 Ring protection characteristics7.1 Monitoring methods and conditionsSwitching trigger condition:Condition就是SF, SF or OK,其它方式没有定义SF trigger switchingSF defined in 8021,SF or no failed, not defined other condition, i.e. SDSF defined on transport entity of e

13、ach ring linkSF检测有three monitoring methodsInherent - physical layer trailSub-layer - tandem connection monitoring (TCM).Test trail - extra test trail (CCM?)对于ERP进程而言,不知道采用的何种defects monitoring 方式,只知道传输实体(ring link)SF或OK7.2 Ethernet traffic and bandwidth consideration无论ERP出于何种状态,都应该能提供足够的带宽保证业务和RAPSC

14、are should be taken that ring link capacity can continue to support all ring APS (R-APS) and service traffic that is protected after protection switching7.3 Ethernet ring protection switching performanceSingle ring(switch completion time = transfer time)<50mswithout congestionall nodes in idle st

15、atus<1200km fibre circumference,<16nodesingle link failure所有其它情况不保证倒换时间小于50ms特别提到子环虚通道场景,性能部分受主环性能影响,如果节点数,距离超过上述标准,则达不到50ms8 Ring protection conditions and commandsConditions,这里conditions如何翻译?条件,状态或其它?似乎状态比较合理,ring 可以出于2种状态,故障和无故障状态,从宏观上说环的状态用idle和protection表述更合适,并且ring也不止idle和protection状态,不知

16、道这里用2种消息来表述环的状态是什么意思,当然另一种理解是,当环上检测到SF,则SF消息在环上传播遍历所有节点,恢复时NR消息传遍所有节点,这是从微观角度看环的状态Signal fail (SF)No request (NR)CommandsForced switch (FS)FS或MS可以同时配多处吗?假如可以同时多处配FS或MS,那么环上同时多个堵点,从实际工作上说同时配多处没有意义,但又可能不做检查允许这样做Manual switch (MS)Cleara) Clearing an active local administrative command (e.g., forced swi

17、tch or manual switch). clear优先级高, 假定可以同时多配FS/MS,仍然清除所有FS/MS的配置b) Triggering reversion before the WTR or WTB timer expires in case of revertive operation. 在WTR或WTR超时前触发恢复c) Triggering reversion in case of non-revertive operation.下面3种命令没有实现Lockout of protection This command disables the protection gro

18、up.Replace the RPL This command moves the RPL by blocking a different ring link and unblocking the RPL permanently.Exercise signal Exercise of the R-APS protocol. The signal is chosen so as not to modify the position of the blocked ring port.9 Ring protection architectures9.1 Revertive and non-rever

19、tive switchingSwitch conditions cleared(SF is removed, ms/fs is cleared)Revertive(WTR->switch over to working transport entity)Advantage: working transport entity may be optimizedDisadvantage: the expense of an additional traffic interruption Non-revertive(no switch)Advantage: not the expense of

20、an additional traffic interruptionDisadvantage: may use the non-optimized transport entity9.2 Protection switching triggers3个倒换触发来源,SF,RAPS, operator control。ERP控制进程消息输入包括本地消息和外部消息,各种消息优先级不同,任意时候,只响应最高优先级的消息a. SF, it has a higher priority b. the received R-APS message requests to switch and it has a

21、 higher priority than any other local request(i.e.假定故障恢复,wtr超时,某个故障邻接node将收到owner的NRRB消息,此时如果NRRB消息优先级最高,就会触发倒换)c. initiated by operator control (e.g., forced switch, manual switch) if it has a higher priority than any other local request or far-end request9.2.1 Signal fail declaration conditionsSF

22、is defined in 80219.3 Protection switching models on a single Ethernet ring举了一个4 nodes单环的例子,每个环节点抽象为应用了若干functionETH characteristic information (ETH_CI) 即以太的报文ETH_FF 某个特定的vlanEthernet flow point (ETH_FP) 某个端口对图中的圆圈可以理解为某个ETH_FF,若干端口加入其中,上面承载的是ETH_CI的业务,ERP Process控制ETH_FF实现对ring端口block或unblock,flush

23、 db等图1 正常情况图2 SF图3 引入CCM, MEP图4 解释CCM如何工作If a MEP detects a defect, which contributes to an SF defect condition, it informs the ERP control process that a failure condition has been detected.An ERP control function uses the ETH_CI_SSF information, forwarded from the ETHx/ETH-m_A_Sk, to assert the SF

24、 condition of the ring link.R-APS protocol 用R-APS message交换消息ETHDi/ETH_A功能模块负责解析和生成R-APS messageTo ERP process: R-APS to ETH_CI_RAPS, To ring port: ETH_CI_RAPS to R-APS注意:ERP process收到的为ETH_CI_RAPS除了送ERP处理,还会通过RAPS-FF向下游转发A received R-APS message is also forwarded to the ETH_FF9.4 Traffic channel bl

25、ockingBlocking traffic is supported by excludingExcluding 而不是removing the connection point from the ETH_FF functions for the one or more VLAN IDs of the traffic channel controlled by the ERP InstanceEach ERP instance shall only block or unblock the VLAN IDs of the traffic channels of the set of VLAN

26、s assigned for protection by that ERP instance.9.5 R-APS channel blockingR-APS channel VLAN traffic forwarding is always blocked at the same ring ports where the traffic channel is blocked, except on sub-rings without R-APS virtual channel除了子环w/o vc情况下,traffic channel和raps channel block不同以外,其它情况bloc

27、king或unblocking都保持一致,并且二者blocking 的逻辑相同但blocking时一些细节不同对于traffic channel,承载的是业务数据,若在某个block的端口【ingress: 线路到端口】收到,由于该端口已经从vlan中excluded,所以不会转发,同理试图通过该节点转发的数据【egress: switch到port】也会被block是不会向该端口发送还是发送但被block呢?,不存在进一步处理的可能对于R-APS, 不转发收到的R-APS,但收到的R-APS送ERP处理即使端口block,但ERP仍可通过block的端口发送自己产生的R-APSOn sub-

28、rings without R-APS virtual channel, the R-APS channel is never blocked on any of its sub-ring nodes. However, in this case, the R-APS channel is terminated at the interconnection nodes.9.6 FDB flushremoving MAC addressesflush only the FDB for the VLAN IDs9.7 Ethernet ring protection switching model

29、s for interconnection6点双环,很简单9.7.1 Ring interconnection model with an R-APS virtual channel图9.7是一个sub ring port, 一头连子环,另一侧的network是主环,基本逻辑和单环是一样的,区别在于多了一个topology notice,即tc,子环发生倒换,通知主环动作;另外子环的RAPS会穿过主环疑问:为什么要vc?interconnection node 提供了子环到其它网络的连接An R-APS virtual channel provides R-APS connectivity b

30、etween this interconnection node and the other interconnection node of the same sub-ring, over the networkCare must be taken to ensure that the local R-APS messages of the sub-ring being transported over the R-APS virtual channel into the interconnected network can be uniquely disambiguated from tho

31、se of other interconnected ring R-APS messages.This can be achieved by, for example, using separate VIDs for the R-APS virtual channels ofdifferent sub-rings.目前的设计中,virtual vlan id和sub-ring svid不同,但相信里面的R-APS是一样的,只不过vid不同而已R-APS在主环通过不同的VID传输主环R-APS->ETHDi/ETH_A->ETHDi/ETH_A-àERP1子环R-APS-&

32、#224; ETHDi/ETH_A-> R-APS_2_FF-àETHDi/ETH_A-àERP2Topology_Change signal当子环发生倒换(捕捉条件:flush DB),子环发送该信号给主环,主环可以选择做相应动作从图9.8上看,多环的ERP process之间只有子环tc的一个单向通讯通道,而子环的RAPS在主环上只是一个普通的vlanare separated in ERP1 using different R-APS VIDs 应该是are separated in ERPx using different R-APS VIDs9.7.2 Ri

33、ng interconnection model without R-APS virtual channel(P.25)无虚通道的模型,R-APS在互联节点终结,如果没有vc,则子环存在一个R-APS通道隔离的问题,因为子环互联节点之间既无普通R-APS通道,也无虚通道,为了解决这个问题,子环上R-APS blocking要配为不生效,这样互联节点之间就可以通讯了。该段关于为什么要用w/o vc,和如何用w/o vc,以及行为细节都没有说明自我总结如下:1. Vc需要穿通互联的其它网络域,带来额外的配置复杂性和倒换性能的不确定性问题2. 所有节点要配置w/o vc,而不是仅仅在互联节点上配置,

34、这样才能保证R-APS channel的畅通,事实上在w/o vc场景下,互联节点其中一个作用是终结子环的r-aps3. 除了r-aps不阻断,其行为类似with vc9.7.3 Guidelines for using ring interconnection model with or without R-APS virtualChannela) With virtual channel, R-APS message is to tunnel(vid) between interconnect node特点:R-APS channel blocking机制单环多环一致优点:支持连接多主环(

35、包括非ITU-T 和g8032的环),如下图,主环不需重新配置成子环注意:带宽占用,每条vc需分配不同的vid且(或)环id以区分之Further studySwitching time受R-APS经过虚链路时间影响,比如经过时间很长Flush 的组合主环倒换不会相互影响,也就不会出发flush子环的倒换可以出发主环flush Without virtual channel, R-APS message is to terminal at interconnect node.无R-APS message在互联节点被导入或导出,所以此种模型无需考虑带宽,VID/环id子环倒换时间和互联环配置无关

36、互联环是树形拓扑无需考虑环路 缺点:R-APS blocking机制不同(见)两个主环通过一个子环连接,其中一个主环需要重新配置为子环,这样会引起服务中断和倒换10 Protection control protocolRing protection but loop avoidanceAt any time traffic may flow on all but one of ring links 如果一个端口block,它可以unblock,前提条件是它知道环中至少有一个端口是block的比如收到NRRB消息,表示RPL端口block收到SF消息,表明环上有break的link,进而有bl

37、ock的端口10.1 Principles of operationsERP处理的基本逻辑是从各种消息源搜集输入并比较,得到最高优先级的输入,并结合节点自身目前的状态,配置,输出相应的动作,比如flush db, 发送R-APS,block/unblock端口等:输入包括本地请求,本地端口状态和远端R-APS中的请求本地请求,即ExtCMD, 包括manual, force, clear命令,由于可能同时存在多个,所有cmd先送本地优先级排序逻辑Local PriorityLogic,再送优先级逻辑二次排序Ring口上产生的本地SF,SF clear送本地故障检查模块评估,holdoff,然后

38、送优先级排序逻辑远端R-APSValidity check, guard timer, priority logicNote:Guard timer在转,R-APS不送priority logicWTR timer在转,WTR Running signal 插入 priority logicWTR timer过期,WTR Expires signal 传到priority logicWTB类似WTRis identified as the current top priority request signaled to the R-APS request processing logic.新进

39、R-APS会把自己声明为最高优先级的消息?(P29)- 这句话表述有误,应该是说本地节点收到的RAPS消息,是远端节点的最高优先级的requestpriority logic的消息来源:a) the R-APS request/state and status informationb) status and events from the WTR timerc) status and events from the WTB timerd) status of the local Ethernet ring node's ring portse) top priority local

40、requestf) the current node state from the R-APS request processingR-APS request processing接受最高优先级的请求,并处理,输出和收到的最高优先级请求,配置,当前状态有关消息:Priority logic配置:MI_RAPS_RPL_Owner_Node(指示该节点是否是RPL,相应端口)MI_RAPS_RPL_Neighbour_Node(指示该节点是否是RPL- neighbor,相应端口)处理方式:输入:current top priority request加local Ethernet ring n

41、ode state动作:Transmission of R-APS messagesblocking or unblocking ring portsflushing the FDBstarting or stopping the timers.flush logic 根据收到的R-APS判断是否发生倒换,并由此触发flushThe topology change propagation process 只存在于interconnection node上,子环拓扑改变发出Topology_Change signal 通知主环处理。interconnection flush logic 从其它连

42、接实体接收拓扑改变信息:子环的ERP, and MI_RAPS_Propagate_TC输出:flush ring port FDB and may trigger transmission of R-APS event requeststo both ring portsNote: 该逻辑只存在于互联节点backward compatibility logic检查配置和请求R-APS block logic(只存在于子环节点)它如何知道自己在子环,且为什么这个功能只在子环存在输入:R-APS request processingthe top priority request from th

43、e priority logicMI_RAPS_Sub_Ring_Without_Virtual_Channel signal.输出:block or unblock traffic channel and/or the R-APS channel on ring portBackward compatibility logic 模块参见10.1.1 Priority logic所有输入都称作requests, 输入有多个来源(7),不同的request有不同的优先级,最高优先级的request叫top request某一时刻有一个top request, 每当收到远端R-APS或本地requ

44、est发生变化,top request要重新评估。Clear,FS,remote fs,local sf,local sf clear,remote sf,remote ms, ms, wtr-e,wtr-r,wtb-e,wtb-r,nrrb,nr注意:对于本地请求,如fs,sf,ms会一直在priority logic中保持,直到有更高优先级的请求或被清除对于R-APS的request的决策是一次性的,不保存local sf clear是被动的,仅在SF condition不存在,且在其他端口没有更高优先级的请求时存在如果收到的消息的RING ID和自己的相同,忽略10.1.2 R-APS

45、request processing(p31-38)可以据此写test cases逻辑:R-APS request processing接收当前优先级最高的request和当前节点的状态,设置共同决定,执行一系列动作,节点迁移到新的状态输入:最高优先级的request本地设置,兼容性【v1->revertive mode】,owner,neighbor输出:Guard timer start/stopNode status -> priority logicWtr/wtb -> priority logicRAPS message transmission/stopBlock

46、/unblock ring ports & flush db应是调用flush db logic初始状态: -,初始化,分支1,动作,下一个状态eInitialization 31状态IDLEProtectionManual SwitchForced SwitchPending编号ABCDE58Pending clear idleClear 只在owner上生效吗?首先clear是本地命令,不会有消息发出;其次,clear不只针对owner生效,一切使能fs/ms的节点都会生效;具体的动作和当前节点状态以及角色,配置有关比如idle,protection -> no action

47、ms/fs -> 清block端口,起guard,发NR,如果是owner且revertive模式,起wtbpending ->只针对owner动作3Idle FS FSOwner 不stop wtr/wtb?, idle状态wtr/wtb必然没有启动Row 1初始化,普通节点会block一个端口,unblock另一个端口,比较模糊,各种设备如何处理?对于pvx 10.3,初始状态下内建的CC也不工作,所以起来时,2个端口都报SF,无法观察到真实状态问题1. 对于non-revertive mode,环上节点初始化后为何不存在2个阻塞点?两个原因,node-id是sw的mac,且结

48、合条件2,初始态下,1个端口阻塞,一个端口unblock,假定某个node 的node id最大,pending态下所有小node id阻塞点将被unblock,并停发RAPS,一轮下来,只有node id最大的点继续发NR,且阻塞点只有一个,在0号端口2. Block one ring port/Unblock the other ring port Unblocks traffic channel and R-APS channel on the second ring port where the port is not unblocked, 是否是暗示port0阻塞,port1 unb

49、lock10.1.3 R-APS message transmission对于转发的消息,源mac是保留为始发者还是替换?【P39】R-APS message 发或不发,发什么内容,由R-APS request process发起,Tx R-APS动作触发,stop R-APS停止内容包括request/state和status, 所有ring port同时发,同时停发其它当前在发的R-APS消息,但event消息除外【独占性】如果待传输的R-APS消息发生改变,最初的3个消息将以burst的方式发送,间隔3.33ms, 以后5s发一次Event message 是一种特殊消息,它是一次性的,

50、且可以和其他消息并行发送,目前只定义了一种Flush db event10.1.4 Delay timers(P40)所谓delay timers, 包括2种WTR和WTB, 共同特征是2者都只在owner上生效,都将从pending切换到idle状态,都将会触发阻塞RPL的动作,但各自针对不同的应用场景, WTR: revertive mode of operation需要是revertive mode, protection下,local clear SF或收到RAPS-NR触发,防止间歇性的链路故障可能导致的频繁保护倒换WTB: before reverting to idle stat

51、e (state A) after clearing operator commands (FS,MS)2个目的防环路,比如意外收到outdated ms/fs消息防无意义倒换,在有多个FS的场景,当发起一个clear时,不必倒换,清除节点/owner短暂进入pending,会因为收到FS而恢复到FS状态(line 60)注意无论何种delay timer, 都包括2种触发情况,1个是触发直接在owner上进行,第二个是接收网络消息NR触发例如对于wtr,本质是故障恢复触发,如果恢复点在owner,则直接触发wtr,如果恢复点在其他位置,则ower还处于protection状态下通过接收nr消

52、息触发对于wtb,本质是发起clear触发,如果恢复点在owner,则直接触发wtr,如果恢复点在其他位置,则ower还处于fs/ms状态下通过接收nr消息触发注意:line 36不是很清楚,貌似不可能发生啊WTB = 5s + guard timerDelay timer包括start,running,stop, expires如果已经running, 则新的start不会重置timer如果stop,则停止且重置timerRunning 持续产生WTB Running signalExpires产生Expires signal10.1.5 Guard timerR-APS传送方式,是复制,转

53、发,在某些情况下如果节点收到过期的R-APS,会导致错误的节点状态并可能形成loop, Guard timer的作用是用来防止节点响应过期的RAPS 。这里说的某些情况是指清本地倒换请求, local switching request包括local SF和FS/MSThe guard timer is activated whenever an Ethernet ring node receives an indication that a local switching request has cleared (i.e., local clear SF, Clear)为什么是local s

54、witching request,本地指示被清需要进一步动作,所以暂时不接受远端消息?local clear SF 可能引起loop, 解释如下SF是双向传播,在有local SF情况下,不会收到对端的SF,但当故障恢复时,相应端口上就有可能收到对端发送的SF消息【因为现在线路已经恢复】,如果没有guard time,综合考虑本端local clear/block, 收到RAPS-SF,认为远端有故障,并已block,它将打开non-failed blocked端口,远端也会如此做,从而形成了环路;对于clear,没有一个明确的理由能解释为什么要启动guard time,在clear之前,整个

55、环上只有自己发的 FS或MS;clear之后,进入pending/block,有可能仍收到自己发的FS/MS,或其它节点发的FS,有什么必要启动guard呢?或端口状态有趋势unblock,习惯性忽略线路上的消息,保护一下缺省500ms,10ms to 2s, step 10ms, 大小应大于raps traverse整个ring的时间guide timer在所有节点上运行,启动后,所有收到的R-APS(除了Request/State field = "1110")被block10.1.6 Validity check检查R-APS的有效性,所谓有效性,是指接收的R-APS

56、消息在Table 10-3中有定义未定义的忽略有个特殊的消息flush indication single什么情况会产生这个消息?发生倒换,且需要flush db时即Request/State field = "1110", and the Sub-code field is "0000" and the status field has the value "00000000", 此消息是一个flush标示,不经过guard time, 直接送flush logicValidity check模块2个端口关联的输出中一路箭头指向flush logic,即捕捉到此消息时,直接送flush logic10.1.7 Local defect logic两个ring port各自处理收到的ETH_CI_SSF消息,收到的ETH_CI_SSF消息,持续产生的SF信令, holdoff延迟后,确认SF状态并报告给priority logicETH_CI_SSF results in producing the clear SF signal10.1.8 Holdoff timer这里所说的multiple layers,server layer, client layer都不是很清晰大概的意思应该

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