农业微生物学考试库及答案

1、1 / 5微生物学试题I本试题一共 2 道大题，共 2 页，满分 100 分。考试时间 120 分钟总分题号-一-二二二四五六七八九十阅卷人题分核分人得分注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废。2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。一、名词解释（6X5）:1. Colony2. Virus3. Biogeochemical cycle4. Medium5. Tansduction6. Mycorhiza二、问答题（70 分）1. What are the major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacte

2、ria? （5 分）2. Distinguish between （a） phototrophs and chemotrophs, （b） Lithotrophs and organotrophs. （4分）3. Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference in energy production? （8 分）4. Draw a typical bacteria growth curve. Explain each phase. （8 分）In what circumsta

3、nce, filtrationand pasteurization methods are useful? （6分）5. To determine the viable counts of a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.（10 分）6. The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why. （2分）7. What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction

4、enzymes, and DNAligase in molecular cloning? （6 分）8.What does the termantagonism ” means? Explain the usefulness in biological control. （42 / 59. Explain the following terms in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity,effectiveness, competitiveness.How to evaluate the symbiotic effect

5、iveness in green-house? （10分）10. List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. （7分）微生物学试题n本试题一共 2 道大题，共 2 页，满分 100 分。考试时间 120 分钟。总分题号-一-二二二四五六七八九十阅卷人题分核分人得分注：1.答题前，请准确、清楚地填各项，涂改及模糊不清者、试卷作废2.试卷若有雷同以零分计。一、名词解释(6X5):1. Bacterial chemotaxis2. Lichen3. Chemoorganotroph4. Colony5. Biogeochemical cycle6.

6、 Conjugation二、问答题（70 分）1. What are the unique features of microorganisms gram-positive? （10 分）2. Why does Gram-staining procedure stain some bacteria purple-violet and others red?（10分）3. Explain the termmedium ,what is the purpose to make a selective medium? （10分）4. To determine the viable counts of

7、 a soil sample, which method is the best? List the procedures.（8 分）3 / 5复习题Questions-11What are the unique features of microorganism?2List several applied areas of microbiology. Describe the importance of microorganisms ineach of these applied fields.3Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and

8、eukaryotic cells.4What are some major differences between gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.5Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts.6Define the following termsarchaea, flagellum, bacterial chemotaxis, capsule, spore, cyst mesosome plasmid, simplestaining, Gram staining, colony,

9、lytic bacteriaphage, Viruse, HIV, SARS, pseudopodia,cyanobacteria, Algae protozoa, Lichen, mycorrhiza, yeast, mold, fungi.7List the sexual spores and asexual spores of fungi.8What is the unique about the class Deuteromycetes, making it different from other classesof fungi?Questions-21What are the nu

10、trients that microorganisms require? And what are the functions of thesenutrients?2Distinguish between (a) phototrophs and chemotrophs, (b) Lithotrophs and organotrophs,5.What are the roles of a cloning vector,restriction (12分 )enzyme and DNALigase in molecular cloning?6.Explain the followingterms i

11、nRhizobieffectiveness,competitiveness.How to evaluate the symbiotic effectivenesshost specificity, ingreen-house? (204 / 5and (c) autotrophs and heterotrophs.3Explain the term“medium”. What is the purpose of make a selective medium?4Under what circumstance might you wish to use silical gel as a soli

12、difying agent for aculture medium?5Yeast can grow both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. What is the difference inenergy production.6Describe the process of passive diffusion.7How is passive diffusion differentiated from facilitated diffusion?8How is group translocation similar to and differen

13、t from active transport of solutes?Questions-31Explain the following terms:growth, pure culture, continuous culture, batch culture, synchronous growth, sterilization,disinfection, antisepsis, optimum temperature, generation time, acidophile, facultativeanaerobe.2Describe the methods for isolating pu

14、re culture.3Differentiate the batch culture and continuous culture, Indicate their advantages anddisadvantages.4To determine the viable counts of a solid sample, which method is the best? List theprocedures.5In what circumstance, filtration and pasteurization methods are useful?6Draw a typical bacte

15、ria growth curve. Explain each phase.Questions 41Explain the following termsAuxotroph, Genotype, phenotype, genome, mutant, mutagen, point mutation, DNArecombination, conjugation, transduction, transformation, Cloning vector, molecular cloning,polymerase Chain reaction, spontenous mutation, competen

16、ce2Describe the phenotypic changes due to gene mutation3Describe the procedures of replica plating technique for isolation of mutants.5 / 54The donor bacterial cell in a transformation is probably dead. Explain why.5In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells brought into contact with each oth

17、er?6What are the roles of a cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase in molecularcloning?7What are the advantages of using plasmid PBR322 as a cloning vector?Questions-51Explain thenfollwing termsBiogeochemical cycle, Rhizosphere, Neutralism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Competition,Parasitis

18、m, Predation, Denitrification, Nitrification, Nitrogenase, Leghemoglobin, PGPR2In nitrogen cycle, what are the microorganisms and their functions in the transformation ofnitrogen forms?3What does the term“antagonism”means? Explain the usefulnessalin biologic control.4Explain the following terms in Rhizobium legume symbiosis: infection, host specificity,effectiveness, competitiveness. How to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness in green-house?Questions-61List the taxonomic hierarchy of classification.2What is the three-domain classification system? Draw a simple dendrogram to show theirphylo