被动语态的构成及使用原则（讲义）

1、.高中英语被动语态的构成及使用原那么1. 通过学习本课，可以全面掌握被动语态的构成和使用原那么。2. 通过学习本课，可以初步理解被动语态在使用时的本卷须知。重点：被动语态的意义和构成。难点：分辨什么时候用被动语态，什么时候用主动语态。1. 被动语态是中学英语的根底语法之一，常结合各种时态同时考察被动语态，综合考察考生对时态和语态的掌握。2. 在写作部分，被动语态的应用能防止一些不明确的信息，表达学生高超的语言运用才能。被动语态的定义、构成及用法Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.你之前说邀请来的运

2、发动来自世界各地。Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and妇女不仅被允许参加，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体等比赛中起着非常重要的作用被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。1. 只有带有宾语的及物动词才有被动语态。2. 被动语态句型：肯定句：主语bep.p. by。否认句：主语be notp.p. by。一般疑问句：Be主语p.p. by?

3、特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语p.p. by?3. 主动语态改成被动语态的步骤：先找出谓语动词；再找出谓语动词后的宾语；把宾语用作被动语态的主语；注意人称、时态和数的变化。These books are not intended for children.这些书不是为孩子设计的。We were all moved to tears by the story.我们都被那个故事感动得哭了。Is the accident now being looked into?这个事故如今正在调查吗？The letters for the boss _ on his desk but he didnt read t

4、hem until three days later.A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put答案：A思路分析：书信和放置之间是被动关系，而且发生在过去，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，即A正确。被动语态的使用原那么1. 在以下情况中常使用被动语态：不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。在文章标题、广告、新闻中。动作的执行者不是人时。The window is dirty. I know. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.窗户脏了。我知道。好几周没擦了。Many hou

5、ses were destroyed in the war.许多房屋在战争中被破坏了。Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. 昨天晚上一场席卷英格兰北部的风暴造成了上百万英镑的损失。Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.A. had been made B. was made C. ha

6、s been made D. would be made答案：C思路分析：句意：在过去的这些年中，莎士比亚的剧作?哈姆雷特?已经被拍成至少十部不同的电影。2. 使用被动语态时还应注意：1不及物动词没有被动语态。2假如要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by短语，译为“被由。3有些动词主动形式表示被动意义。4感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。5短语动词变被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。6含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中一个宾语变成被动句的主语。7主动句谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，宾语补足语保

7、存不动这时的宾语补足语变成主语补足语。但假如主动句的宾补是不带to的动词不定式，在变成被动句时，那么需加上to。He will be made to give up smoking.他将被医生强迫戒烟。A book will be given to me.一本书将被送给我。The girl will be taken care of by the old man.这个女孩将由这位老人照顾。I promised that this matter _ next week.A. will be taken care B. will take care of C. will take care D.

8、will be taken care of答案：D思路分析：take care of固定短语，意为“处理，照顾；而take care意为“注意。1. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it _A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorated D. was being decorated2. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. do

9、es B. had been done C. will do D. is done3. Unless some extra money _, the theatre will close.A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 4. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. The rooms _. A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay答案：1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C思路分析：1. 根据句意提到阅览室正在被装修，可知用过去进展时态的被动语态。2. 句意：假如不采取措施的话，海洋会变成鱼的沙漠。nothing和do之间是被动关系，而且条件状语从句用一般如今时表将来。3. 考察动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否那么剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来