高中英语选修七第9讲：Unit21 Human Biology-语法篇（学生版）

1、.Unit21 Human Biology-语法篇_1、掌握混合条件句中的虚拟语气的用法。2、情态动词的用法。混合条件句中的虚拟语气混合条件句主句是指条件句中含有不同的条件构造，谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句谓语动词所表示的动作并不是同时发生,如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与如今事实相反。在这种条件句中， 动词的形式要根据详细情况进展调整。非真空条件从句主句If it had rained last night,it would be very cold today.If I had taken your advice,I would have no trouble with the work

2、now.If I were you,I would have gone to see the film last night.If he had told me about it, I would known what to do nowIf you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.假如你那时听了医生的话,你如今就好了.主句与从句发生的时间不同,应按照主句与从句各自的时间做调整.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing sti

3、ll better.假如你再给庄稼多浇些水,他们会长得更好.指如今长得更好.If you had watered them more, the crops would have grown still better.假如你早就给庄稼多浇些水,他们就会长得更好表示对过去的虚拟情态动词一定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。二分类： 情态动词有四类： 做情态动词：must,cancould,maymight,ought to 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,

4、dare 可做情态动词又可做助动词：shallshould,willwould 具有情态动词特征：havehad to,used to三常用情态动词的用法1.must和have to表示必要性2.cant表示不可能， mustnt表示不允许或制止3.dont have to和neednt表示没有必要4.can 和could 表示才能和可能性， 还可表示恳求允许5.must,might,could表示猜测和推测6.may表示可能和允许四情态动词+have+过去分词1. “must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事，该构造只用于肯定句。 1. It must have

5、 rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 2. “cant+have+done表示对过去事情的否认推测，译成“不可能做过某事。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚刚还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have st

6、olen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 3. “can+have+done表示对过去行为的疑心，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 4. “could+have+done是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来可以做某事而

7、没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他可以通过考试，但是他太粗心。 5. “may+have+done表示对发生过去的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经或“也许已经，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George? I don't know. He may have got lost. 乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。 “might+have+done表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思一样，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气构造中。 1. He might have

8、 given you more help, even though he was busy. MET90 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 假如你多给她点时机，她可能已经获得更大的成绩。 6.“should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。 “shouldn't+have+done表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The w

9、ork should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 7. “ought to+have+done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done用法根本一样。例1. 2019北京Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go

10、 now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 例2. 2019重庆 You_ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall例3. 2019安徽安庆一中月考 If you were older I _ you to go there yesterday.A .will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed例4

11、. 2019北京海淀二模 If I _the project earlier, I would be enjoying myself on the beach now. A. might finish B. finished C. had finished D. would have finished例5. 2019北京海淀一模What do you think of the Huawei P7?Terrific. I would buy one if I _ an iPhone 6 Plus last year. A. didnt buy B. dont buy C. hadnt

12、bought D. havent bought根底演练一单项选择。 1.Marys sister looks very beautiful now. But she was very ugly before she tidied up her appearance整容. You _believe it! A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. wouldnt D. might not 2.Where is Mr. Smith? I cant find him anywhere. He _far, for his mobile phone is still here. A. mustn

13、t have gone B. wouldnt have gone C. cant have gone D. shouldnt have gone 3.Why didnt John take part in the race yesterday? He _out of the race because of his serious injury. A. neednt have dropped B. should have dropped C. would have dropped D. must have dropped 4. You _the day off from work, which

14、created a burden for everyone else. A. shouldnt have taken B. mustnt have taken C. couldnt have taken D. wouldnt have taken 5. More water and the young trees_. A. couldnt have died B. neednt have died C. shouldnt have died D. mustnt have died 6. Although Lily is usually easy-going, she _be sometimes

15、 quite annoying. A. must B. need C. can D. should 7. “Nothing in this letter _be considered as a license to use the artists personal possessions, the judge declared on the court. A. can B. shall C. must D. may 8. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you_. You read it here. A. mustnt B.

16、mightnt C. wont D. neednt 9. Mr. Smith, Tom is here._ he come in now? Oh, yes please. Ive been expecting him. A. Should B. Shall C. Might D. Must 10.Why dont you wear your jogging shorts, Mum? Well, my legs are too skinny, if you_know. A. should B. can C. need D. must 稳固进步二单句改错1. The 5-year-old girl

17、 wishes she is a college student now._2. He suggested that we took more exercise to keep fit._3. I know people are trying to help, but I wish they wouldn't treat me as if I am a child._4. We would have won if Jack scored that goal in that match._5. They desired that they had the right to vote._一

18、适当形式填空单句适当形式1. What do you think would happen if there _be no light during the days?2. If he had not made many mistakes, he _ pass the test.3. I_ go to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.4. Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam_ be at the age of six

19、months old.5. If I_ know that it was such a hard job, I_ ask Mr. Li for help.6. It is time we_ take measures to protect the environment.7. If her lawyer_ be here last Sunday, he _ prevent her from going.8. If you had arrived at the airport ten minutes earlier, you_ not miss the flight.9. If you _ be

20、 here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.10. I would rather he _ come tomorrow than today._一单项选择 1. The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. shouldnt 2. Seeing the enemy, Gary was behaving as though nothing _.A. happened

21、B. had happenedC. would happenD. was happening 3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. went 4. The doctor recommended that I _ here for sunshine to help me to get over my illness.A. would comeB. cameC. had comeD. come 5. His parents wish was that he _home immed

22、iately.A. returnedB. would returnC. returnsD. return 6. - What did Mary say to you?- She suggested that we _go swimming that afternoon.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might 7. - Did you make it at last?- Yes. But for your help, it_ a serious loss.A. would causeB. must have causedC. would have causedD. ma

23、y cause 8. 35 passengers died in the bullet train accident. But for the heroic train driver, many more people_ .A. had diedB. would dieC. would have diedD. died 9. I still remember it as if it_ yesterday.A. happensB. happenedC. has happenedD. happening 10. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan ve

24、ry well as if he_ their own son.A. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be二.阅读理解 People from all over the world have different wedding traditions and marriage customs. The one thing that all wedding ceremonies commonly seem to have is the commitment承诺 of love for all time during a public ceremony. Everyone

25、 at a wedding hopes for great happiness between the wedding couple. Wedding traditions are usually a way of showing signs of the hope for great happiness. Some of these traditions are very interesting. In Sweden, the traditional bride will wear three rings by the end of the wedding ceremony. The fir

26、st is the engagement订婚 ring that she entered the ceremony with. The second, the wedding ring, is added to the first. A final ring, however, is added as well. This ring is known as the "motherhood" ring. This is said to show that marriage is about more than just love. It is about building a

27、 family. Wedding traditions in the Philippines include the Pandango, a dance which can last for hours. During the Pandango, guests pin 用大头针别住 money to the bride's dress to pay for their honeymoon. A traditional Irish bride may wear a blue wedding dress-believing blue to be a lucky colour. Englis

28、h Lavender薰衣草 is often mixed with her wedding flowers. It is traditional for the bride to braid her hair梳头发as it is considered a good way to bring luck to the new couple. There are many wedding traditions around the world which may differ from what they are used to, but if you are about to plan a wedding, you may find it interesting to include some of these traditions in your own wedding. 1. What do all wedding ceremonies seem to have in common?A. The commitment of love for all time.B. Happiness between the wedding couple.C. An interesting lif