以钢丝绳为吊装机具时的选用与计算

1、以钢丝绳为吊装机具时的选用与计算钢丝绳有抗拉强度高、弹性大、挠性好、耐磨损、寿命长、价格适中等诸多优点,故用得非常广泛。        视组成钢丝绳股数和钢丝数目的多少、捻制方法的差异及有无纤维芯等,把钢丝绳分成十余种。设备吊装中一般只使用其中由6股组成的3种。(一) 设备吊装用钢丝绳的种类和用途        设备吊装中常用由1根纤维芯和6股钢丝组成的3钢丝绳,以6×19+1、6×37+1和6×61+1表示其组成,其中6表示为6股、1

2、表示有1根纤维芯,而19、37、61则表示每股内的钢丝数。以同直径者相比较,钢丝多且细,则绳的挠性好,而耐磨性则稍差。        此3种钢丝绳的用途和标记举例 :        (1)6×19钢丝绳：作拉索、缆风绳及在其他少弯曲、受磨损时采用；        (2)6×37钢丝绳：宜用于滑车组及其他呈弯曲时采用；    &#

3、160;   (3)6× 61 钢丝绳：用于滑车组,制作吊索、起吊绑绳和重型起重机械。        标记举例 (GB/T8918-1996),标记简化如下：        钢丝绳 6× 19-16-1770表示6股,每股19丝,钢丝绳直径16mm，钢丝绳抗拉强度为1770MPa(二) 钢丝绳的规格        表为钢丝绳(6×19+1

4、)主要技术参数(GB/T8918-1996)     钢丝绳 公称直径 每l00m钢丝绳近似质量/kg钢丝绳公称抗拉强度/MPal4701570167017701870钢丝绳最小破断拉力/kN d  /mm允许偏差/%天然纤维芯钢丝绳合成纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳 3+83.113.033.434.064.394.334.694.614.984.895.285.165.58 4 5

5、+705.548.655.398.426.lo9.527.2211.207.8012.207.7112.208.3313.008.2012.808.8713.808.6913.509.4014.609.1814.309.9315.50 678+60 12.5017.0022.1012.1016.5021.6013.7018.7024.4016.2022.1028.8017.502.9031.2017.3023.9030.8018.7025.5033.3018.4025.5032.8019.9027.1035.4019.5026.6034.7021.1028.7037.602

6、0.6028.1036.7022.3030.4039.709+6028.0027.3030.9036.5039.50 39.0042.2041.5044.9044.0047.5046.5050.201034.6033.7038.1045.1048.8048.1052.1051.2055.4054.3058.7057.4062.001141.9040.8046.1054.6059.0058.3063.0062.0076.0065.7071.1069.4075.101249.8048.5054.9064.9070.2069.4075.0073.8079.8078.2084.6082.60

7、89.401358.5057.0064.4076.2082.4081.4088.0086.6093.7091.8099.3097.00104.001467.8066.1074.7088.4095.6094.40102.00100.00108.00106.00115.00112.00121.001688.6086.3097.50115.00124.00123.00133.00131.00141.00139.00150.00146.00158.0018112.00109.00123.00146.00158.00156.00168.00166.00179.00176.00190.00186.0020

8、1.0020138.00135.00152.00180.00195.00192.00208.00205.00221.00217.00235.00229.00248.0022167.00163.00184.00218.00236.00233.00252.00248.00268.00263.00284.00277.00300.0024199.00194.00219.00259.00281.00277.00300.00295.00319.00312.00338.00330.00357.0026234.00228.00258.00305.00329.00325.00352.00346.00374.00

9、367.00397.00388.00419.0028271.00264.00299.00353.00382.00377.00408.00401.00434.00426.00460.00450.00486.00（30）311.00303.00343.00406.00439.00433.00469.00461.00498.00489.00528.00516.00558.0032354.00345.00390.00462.00499.00493.00533.00524.00567.00556.00601.00587.00635.00（34）400.00390.00440.00521.00564.00

10、557.00602.00592.00640.00628.00679.00663.00717.0036448.00437.00494.00584.00632.00524.00675.00664.00718.00704.00761.00744.00804.00（38）500.00487.00550.00651.00704.00695.00752.00740.00800.00784.00848.00828.00896.0040554.00539.00610.00722.00780.00771.00833.00820.00887.00869.00940.00918.00993.00（42）610.00

11、594.00672.00796.00860.00850.00919.00904.00978.00958.001030.001010.001090.0044670.00652.00738.00873.00944.00933.001000.00992.001070.001050.001130.001110.001200.00（46）732.00713.00806.00954.001030.001010.001100.001080.001170.001140.001240.001210.001310.00注:1.最小钢丝破断拉力总和=钢丝绳最小破断拉力×1.197(纤维芯或l.287(钢芯

12、)。        2.新设计设备不得选用括号内的钢丝绳直径。        钢丝绳（6×37+1）主要技术参数（GB/T8918-1996）        注 :1.最小钢丝破断拉力总和=钢丝绳最小破断拉×1.249( 维芯)或l.336(钢芯)。        2.新设计设备不得选用括号内的钢丝绳直径。&

13、#160;      下表为钢丝绳 (6×61+1) 的主要技术参数。  注:在黑线之下只有普通钢丝绳,无镀钵钢丝绳。(三) 钢丝绳的许用拉力    钢丝绳的许用拉力可按式计算                       P=T/K   &

14、#160;                      式中 T钢丝绳的破断拉力,kN;   K钢丝绳的安全系数,按下表选用。    如钢丝绳的规格表中给出钢丝破断拉力总和时,应先求钢丝绳破断拉力,再计算钢丝绳的许用拉力，即 :       钢丝绳破断拉力=换算系数×钢丝破断拉力总

15、和  按 GB/T89181996标准,换算系数C值为:             6×19钢丝绳C=0.85;6×37钢丝绳C=0.82;6×61钢丝绳C =0.80                        下表钢

16、丝绳安全系数 起重机类型特性和使用范围最小安全系数  榄杆式起重机、自行式起重机及 其他类型的起重机和卷扬机 手传动4.5机械传动轻型中型重型55.5610KN以下手动卷扬机  4 缆索式起重机承担重量的钢丝绳 3.5  各种用途的钢丝绳  运输热金属、易燃物、易爆物捆绑设备缆风绳千斤绳(绳扣) 663610    (四)旧钢丝绳的折减使用和报废 久用后的钢丝绳会出现磨损、锈蚀和断丝,使其破断拉力明显减小,

17、但一般还可折减使用,如损坏严重时必须报废。 1.折减   按钢丝绳的断丝数,下表中查得折减系数,对其破断力进行折减,若钢丝绳表面又有磨损,则按下表中对折减系数向更小方向修正。        表钢丝绳断丝的折;咸系数(一个节距内)  钢丝绳破断力的 折减系数 钢丝绳的股丝数6×19+16×37+16×61+1捻绕方式交捻顺捻交捻顺捻交捻顺捻 0.95 0.90 0.83 0.80 

18、;05101417>173578>81l192833>33691416>1618194043>43914202l>21注:一个节距的含义如多头螺纹的导程。                钢丝绳表面磨损时折;咸系数的修正系数 钢丝表面磨损占直径的分数/%101520253030以上 修正系数0.8O.7O.65O.55O.50O 注 : 表中磨损比率按单根钢丝或整根钢丝绳计算均可。&

19、#160;    2. 报废     如钢丝绳有断股、锈蚀严重、断丝和磨损超过标准、受热退火和发生各种严重变形时,钢丝绳应报废。按国家规范规定,在一个节距内断丝根数达到下表所列根数时,钢丝绳即应报?。                       表为 钢丝绳在一个节距内断丝的报废标准强度安全系数6×19+16×37+16×61+1 交捻顺捻交捻顺捻交捻顺捻 71214166782226302226303638401