专四语法知识小结

1、专四语法知识小结第一页，共30页。e.g:I lend you such books as will interest you.Dont read such books as will defile your mind.She knew he felt just the same as she did.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.From this library we can borrow as many books as we want to read.Here is so big a stone as no man can

2、lift.第二页，共30页。64.as引导比较状语从句as引导比较状语从句通常使用“as+系动词，助动词或情态动词+sb”结构，意为“某人也一样”。e.g:Frank is a fine athlete, as was his farther before him.I travel to London every day, as do most of the people who live in this village.Jerry is a good teacher, as are his family.第三页，共30页。举一反三：举一反三：Heat does not travel by c

3、onvection in solid, because the solid does not move,_ a liquid.A.and does not B.also doesC.as doesD.as well as第四页，共30页。专四辅导八专四辅导八知识点小结知识点小结第五页，共30页。关于完形填空主要测试词汇辨析、习惯用法、语法结构词汇辨析、习惯用法、语法结构及及逻辑推理逻辑推理和和语篇语篇理解理解等方面的知识和能力解题时分“总、分、总总、分、总”三步走。1.对含义明显的词汇，固定搭配或习惯用法，常用句式词汇，固定搭配或习惯用法，常用句式等纯语言知识问题，可以边读边随时猜测出答案，包

4、括介词的用介词的用法，倒装句、虚拟语气法，倒装句、虚拟语气等固定的句型或语法。2.针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目利用上下文中字里行间的线索才能猜测出答案。此时，应该先看清题区的句法关系，辨别句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句，并根据语法判断词性，然后根据学生自己的生活常识、背景知识与文章主题，猜测该词或短语的语义范围。第六页，共30页。针对最后难关，直接对照选项针对最后难关，直接对照选项利用前两轮已填入的选项缩小填空范围，采用排除法，排除不恰当的选项，最后敲定答案。3.检查。1).所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调。2).所选的单词或短语是否符合某种

5、固定搭配。3).所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。4).所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求，必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无绝对把握，仍应相信第一感觉。在做题时，还需要注意一种现象，即从原文中寻找答案。第七页，共30页。语法：1.1.非谓语动词非谓语动词（1）非谓语动词的否定形式否定形式：not放在整个非谓语结构前面Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.（2）cannot help but, rather than,sooner than, had better短语后接不带to的

6、不定式。He said hed sooner die than betray his friend.（3）He wanted nothing but to stay there.They did nothing but complain.（4）表示已经完成的动作或体现主从句谓语动作时间上的先后，使用现在分词的完成时。如：Having finished his homework, he went to watch TV.第八页，共30页。（5）当分词有独立主语（不同于主句主语的名词或者代词）时，则是一种独立结构形式。例如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talk

7、ing.（6）现在分词being在独立结构中往往被省略。如：He came into the room, his face (being) red with cold.（7）动名词动名词名词；习惯性动作名词；习惯性动作 不定式不定式将来；一次性动作将来；一次性动作 现在分词现在分词: : 动作正在进行；表主动动作正在进行；表主动 过去分词过去分词: : 动作已经完成；表被动动作已经完成；表被动第九页，共30页。解题时候需要注意：逗号，连词如果在句子中有逗号但没有连词来连接句子的前后两个部分，那么在解题时我们可以考虑的方向为：非谓语动词，独立主格或从句。其中：如果只有一个分句为完整的句子，而另外

8、一部分没有谓语动词出现，那么我们可考虑为非谓语动词结构或独立主格结构；如果另外一部分也有动词出现，那么考虑从句。如果为非谓语动词结构，接着需考虑逻辑主语及时态，然后选择正确答案。第十页，共30页。e.g:41.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat_ by far the biggest cereal crop.(2003) A.is B.been C.be D.beingThey saw a new movie at the theatre, _ they had dinner at a Chinese reatau

9、rant.A.then which B.which after C.after which D.after that(Keys: D, C)第十一页，共30页。There be结构的非谓语动词形式1.如果there be的非谓语动词结构在句中作主语或状语，使用there being的形式，作介词宾语时也使用there being形式。2.如果在there be结构前有介词for出现，都用there to be的形式。3.如果在动词want, expect, mean, intend, prefer等动词后，则用there to be 的形式。（因为这些动词本身的用法都为+to do作宾语）第十

10、二页，共30页。e.g：There being a shop here is a great advantage.This depended on there being a sudden changeThere being no buses, we had to walk home.We expect there to be no argument.It is impossible for there to be any more.The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.第十三页，共30页。2.2.虚拟语气虚拟语气（1

11、）在由if引导的虚拟条件从句中，如果有were, should, 或had中的任何一个，那么可以省略if，然后进行倒装，将主语与这些词互换位置。e.g： If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.=Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.（2）在“it+ is+形容词+that句型中，当形容词为necessary, important, essencial等时，that从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的should通常可以省略。但

12、在表达强烈感情时，should一般不省略，常译为”竟然“之意。第十四页，共30页。e.g: It is strange that he should think of dropping out of school to sell newspapars.(3)would rather +that-clause中，在对将来事情进行虚拟时，that从句中直接用一般过去时。e.g：Id rather you didnt come tomorrow.(4) 在It is (high/ about) time +（that）句型中，that从句中要用虚拟语气，形式有： sb did sth或者sb sho

13、uld do sth.如果在选项中两种形式同时出现，我们偏向于选择did 的形式。Its high time we_ cutting down the rainforests.(2006)A.stopped B.had to stop C.should stop D.stop第十五页，共30页。此外还需注意虚拟语气的三种特殊形式：即时间错综，虚实错综及含蓄条件句。第十六页，共30页。3.3.倒装句型倒装句型（1）as引导的方式状语从句中，句子完全倒装。Peter likes sports, as do many of his friends.（2）由only构成的短语作状语位于句首时。Only

14、 in this way can you solve the problem.(3)so.that.句型中的so,以及such.that.句型中的such位于句首时。So excellent was the boy that he was admitted to the university.So confused did he become that he didnt know how to start his lecture.第十七页，共30页。(4)as/though引导让步状语从句时，采用倒装，而且需注意特殊形式的倒装。Object as you may, I will go.第十八页

15、，共30页。4.4.反意疑问句反意疑问句构成：陈述句+反意疑问部分（前肯后否，前否后肯）几种特殊的反意疑问句：Have some tea, wont you?Dont do that, will you?Lets go shopping after dinner, shall we?Please let us have more time, will you?I am good at maths, arent I?You must go home, neednt you?She ought to leave, shouldnt she?第十九页，共30页。5.从句状语从句状语从句（1）注意搭配

16、： no sooner.than, hardly.when（2）表比较的结构：a. more/less.than.结构：与其。不如。The child was less hurt than frightened.b. no less A than B结构： A和B一样A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.c. no more.than B或not.any more than B结构：同B一样不。One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour.第二十页，共30页。d. more t

17、han结构The consequence was much more than (what) he imagined. 超出。的Her performance was more than good; it was perfect. 非常，及其Television is more than just an electronics system.不只是，不仅是e. not so much as结构not so much A as B 与其说。是A， 不如说。是BHenry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 亨利与其说是一个作家，还不如说是一个记者。第二十

18、一页，共30页。f. not so much as + v结构： 甚至不；连。都不I have not so much as heard of him, much less know him.我都没怎么听说过他，更别提认识他了。第二十二页，共30页。than作关系代词,一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中,其结构为”形容词比较级+than+从句”.than在从句中作主语,相当于than what.e.g: 1.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than_.(1998.44)A.is necessary B.bein

19、g necessary C.to be necessary D.it is necessary第二十三页，共30页。2.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public.(1998.46)A.exists B.exist C.existing D.to exist3.The experiment requires more money than_.(2002.49)A.have been put in B.being put in C.has been

20、 put in D.to be put in第二十四页，共30页。定语从句a. 只能用that而不能用which的情况有：先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；先行词前有Next，last, very, any, little, no等修饰时；现行词是all,much, little, none等时；先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时。b.先行词是人+物时，关系词要用that 而不用which/who.c. 先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。The predicate is that which is said of subject.第二十五页，共30页。d.在who开头的疑问句中，若要用关系代词引导定语从句，则用that引导定语从句。Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?e.关系代词在定语从句中作表语只能用that.53.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. (2003)A.which B.that C.who D.whome.