大学物理实验第二版课后作业参考答案

1、=+(4.154-4.147) 2 + (4.154-4.166)+(4.154-4.132) 2 + (4.154-4.170)2+ (4.154-4.154)22 20.00904 0 .009cm误差理论作业参考答案1、(1)74.63±0.05cm或746.3±0.5mm(2)7.25±0.01cm或72.5±0.1mm(3)42.6±0.2s(4)27.6±0.2C(5)2.734±0.001v2、(1)2位(2)7位(3)5位(4)6位(5)5位(6)2位3、(1)299300=2.99300105；983

2、77;4=9.830.04102;0.00400=4.001030.0045210.000001=4.5210.001103;32476105=3.2476109;(2) 15.48g=1.548104mg=1.548102Kg(3) m=312.670±0.002Kg=(3.1267±0.00002)105g=(3.12670±0.00002)108mg(4) t17.9±0.1S=0.298±0.002min=(2.98±0.02)X10-1min4、(1)N=10.8±0.2cm(2)首位数码“0”不是有效数字，未位数

3、码“0”是有效数字，正确答案是四位有效数字。2一一一(3) 28cm=2.810mm280mm=28.0cm(4) L=(3.8±0.2)104mm(5) 0.02210.0221="0.00048841”0.00048840015003(6) 4.101012.6011.605、(1)X=1(4.113+4.198+4.152+4.147+4.166+4.154+4.132+4.170)=133.23288=4.154cm(4.154-4.113)2+(4.154-4.198)2+(4.154-4.152)2X=X±x=4.154±0.009cm或X=

4、X±x=4.15+0.01cm0.0090.01E=100%=0.22%或E=100%=0.23%4.1544.15注：使用计算器时计算过程中有效数字的位数可以不考虑，最后结果应按照教材P6的“不确定度取位规则”和“测量有效数字取位规则”。117413、X=1(2.904+2.902+2.900+2.903+2.900+2.904)=17413=2.902167cm1=1(0.0022+0.0002+0.0022+0.0012+0.0022+0.0022)26610.0000170.0008cm30X±x=2.9022±0.0008cm口黑100%=0.028%1

5、2.0322.0053cmx=(3)X=1(2.010+2.010+2.011+2.012+2.009+1.980)6(0.00472+0.00472+0.00572+0.00672+0.00372+0.025320.00077534-“0.005cm30X±x=2.005±0.005cml0.005E=2.005100%=0.25%6、（1）22uNN2R(3)Inf=InInV-In(U-V)dfdUdVdUdVUVdUdV(4)InN=InInInInR+2lnT-2In4InlInNInInNInNlnNlnNlnN7、8.122ll-d2h44mdh4149.18

6、3.1422.0424.1211.084g.cm3解：a0.05.149.18220.012.0420.010.007352.043=0.00735X11.083=0.081=0.09g/cm311.08±0.09g/cm0.0911.08100%=0.81%a2a3a4a52.012.002.041.981.972.00cm2.00224.00cmL4a2.008.00cm5(51)220.0120.002220.0420.02220.0320.02cm；0.05B0.03cm,0.0220.0320.0360.04cm9、2aaa2.000.040.16cm22s=4.0

7、7;0.2cmL8.00.2cm四则运算法478.2_+3.462(2)49.27-3.40.2cm20.040.2cm0.2100%=5%4.002_“02100%=2.5%8.0481.662478.2+3.462=481.745.8749.27-3.4=45.9(3)834.5X23.919944.55.834.5_x23包=1.994104l?LT9-5)25C9.47195-811ESS344ig%i-gqig§85(3it*.2569.4_-19.5=132(5)7.325253.66(6).32.85.731g7.357=0.86670.86670(8)2.0105+2

8、345=234576.00076.00055(9)-2.000(10)2.00105+2345=2.0210540.002.038.0(11)+110.0=4.76 + 110.0=114.8100.05.64.412100.010.0+110.0=98.0077.010.00021.010.00089.046783.08111.9889.046781.10,(12)=3103310.由不确定度传递公式计算下列函数。(1)x3.14,ex?解：计算yexe3.14"23.10386685"计算不确定度如下ex,则lnylnexx,相对不确定度为xy取x 0.0计算,y 23

9、.1E y 0.01 23.103866850.3_5_x(2)x310,105解：计算y1010"1.00006908"设y10x,贝UInyln10xxln10,相对不确定度为ln10y_51 10 51.00006908取x1105,计算vln10xyln10yx_5一_52.310310y1.00007.x5.48,，.x?解：x0.01，设y7x,则y>/548"2.340939982"InyInx1lnx,E0.010.000922y2x25.48yyE0.003y2.341(4).x9.80,lnx解:yyx 0.01，设.y lnx

10、,则.yln 9.80 "2.282382386"2.2820.019.800.001.x0.5376,sinx?,tgx?解：x0.0001,设.y1sinx,y2tgx则.y1sin0.5376"0.512076108",y2tg0.5376"0.596172097"V1cosxxCOS0.53760.00010.00009y1xy10.512080.0001 0.000210.00010.7375y2cos2xxcos20.5373y20.5962P741.设电阻箱的额定功率P0.5w,问当取值R4321.6时允许通过的电流等于

11、多少?P05解：IP-%产-0.02236A取22.3mA.R10001.电阻箱的准确度等级为0.2级，当取值为56.3?时，其误差R等于多少?R 解："rm(b )% R0.2213%R6(0.20.2)%0.2213%56.30.00221356.30.12460.2P811 .设负载电阻R500,要求控制电流范围1.48.0mA,试设计一个制流电路解：EImax?R0.0080A5004VE4V得飞R50028575002357Imin0.0014AR0取25002 .本实验用的量程3V的直流电压表，准确度等级为0.1级，当读数为2.624V时,其误差等于多少？如果是一次测量，

12、那么应该怎样表达？解：V%Am 1% 3 0.03V一次测量表达式V 2.62 0.03V3 .准确度等级为0.1级，额定功率为0.25W的电阻箱，若电源为6V,电阻箱分别取值43.7?和12.5?。是否安全？解：电阻箱额定电流I额P 0.25R . 100.158A 158mAIi0.137AI额，电阻箱安全R143.7120.48AI额，电阻箱不安全R212.5P284.用游标卡尺测量空心圆柱体体积：外径Di=15.92,15.90,15.92,15.88,15.90mm;内径D2=11.92,11.96,11.96,11.98,11.94mm；长度L=30.00,29.98,29.98,

13、30.02,29.98mm;请列表计算体积，用不确定度表不'结果。nXix解计算A类分量（提示：a1口）A1=公式=代入数据=0.0075mm;A2=0.0102mm；A3=0.0080mm计算B类分量(提示：B=二t).3B1=B2=B3=0.0115=0.02mm*合成不确定度1=公式=代入数据=0.0225=0.03mm;2=公式=代入数据=0.0214=0.03mm;3=公式一二代入数据=0.0215=0.03mmDi±1=15.90±0.03mm;D2±2=11.95±0.03mm;L+3=29.99±0.03mm122V-D1D2L代入数据-=2593.2mm3422上=2D225VD2D121D22D12223=代入数据=0.0078V=20.226960.02x103mm3V=(2.59±0.02)x103mm3或V=(2.59±0.03)x103mm3注：使用计算器时计算过程中有效数字的位数可以不考虑，最后结果应按照教材P7的“不确定度取位规则”和“测量有效数字取位规则”5.要测量一块尺寸约为100X6X3(mm3)的金属片的体积，其长、宽