同位语从句讲解及练习

1、同位语从句辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被 它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr. Wang, my child ' s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other childre n. 我，作为家里最

2、大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she wasa cione? ”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表

3、示的具体内容我听到了我们队获胜的消息。I heard the n ews that our team had won 可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news, idea , fact , promise , question , doubt ,thought , hope, message, suggestion , words （消息），possibility 等。（承诺信息主意 是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。 ）I ' ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you

4、 thisafternoon .我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形；should可省）There was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea t

5、hat I could not come、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词?你在哪儿听说我不能来？that , whether,连接代词 what, whc。不能引导同位语从句。） that不能省略）连接畐词 how, when, where 等。（注：if, which1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式

6、文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。He must an swer the questi on whether he ag

7、rees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3. 其它引导词引导的同位语从句A、连接代词 what, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2）.The questio n who will take his place is still not clear.（ who 作主语）B 连接副词 when, where, how, why引导同位语从句Wehaven' t yet settled the question whe

8、re we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。l have n o idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。My questi on how I shall get in touch with him has not bee n an swered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法 上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the en emy had fled the city.他突然

9、想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。Several years later , word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 定语从句与同位语从句的区别1. 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号； 而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（n ews的内容就是that he will com

10、e ，故that引导的是同位语从句 ）Weare glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句）2. 被修饰词语的区别A. 定语从句的先行词是名词或代词； 而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan ， fact ， theory ，promise，hope，news，doubt， truth ， information ， suggestion ， question ，thought ，

11、belief ， conclusion 等少数名词。例如： The boy who is playi ng football is my classmate. Those who work hard will succeed . The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. The fact that you are talk ing about is importa nt在句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行?词。在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作

12、同位语从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。B. when, where, why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名 词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如： I still remember the day whe n I first came to Beiji ng I have no idea whe n she will be back.在句

13、中，划线部分是 when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；在句中，划线部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。3. 引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：that , when, where , why。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A. 引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成 分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。例如： The n ews that you told me yesterday was

14、really excit ing We heard the n ews that our team had won在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词， 要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us 中的that就充当told的宾语。B. 引导词 when, where, why弓I导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成”介词+关系代词”的形式；弓I

15、导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成”介词+关系代词”的形式。例如： I will n ever forget the day whe n I joi ned the army. We have no idea whe n she was born在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when在从句中作状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成”介词+关系代词”的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. He put forward to the q

16、uesti on where the meeti ng would be held.在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where在从句中作状语，它可以转换成 in which 的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词”的形式。 This is the reas on why she will not atte nd the meeti ng The teacher had no idea why Jack was abse nt在句中，划线部分是定语从句，why在从句中作状语，它可以转换成for which的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同

17、位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成 "介词+关系代词”的形式。 同位语从句-相关语法1、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea , fact , promise , hope, message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。I ' ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won ' t be able to see you this afternoo n.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的

18、名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫 做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could n ot come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？3、同位语从句的语气在suggestion , advice , request , order等意为"建

19、议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的 should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。4、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact,evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope, questi on, theory, n ews, order, ability等等。Howdid th

20、e cheats explain the fact that the Emperor did n't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语 +be+表语”结构。Y

21、ou must see to it that the childre n don't catch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the childre n don't catch cold.)5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on con diti on that Joh n is in vited. 简析：短语 Oncondition,on supposition,你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。on the ground(s), on the understanding,d

22、oubt(hope, cha nee, possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。及句式 There BE+nowith the excepti on, in spite of the fact, on the assumpti ondoubt(hope, cha nee, possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。练习题1. His success was because ofhe had bee n work ing hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. "ls Ma

23、ry from New York City " "I don't know."A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I did n't go to Shan ghai

24、wasa new job.A. because I gotB. because of gett ingC. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you see n Henry lately My boss wants

25、 to know.A. how he is getti ng alongB. how is he gett ing alongC. what he is gett ing alongD. what is he gett ing along8. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wan ts.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whe never9. He asked mewith me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wa

26、sC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am surehe said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee12.1 won der how much.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch coste

27、d D. the watch costs13. Mary issome one might recog nize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14. is no reason for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owi ng to a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes lateD. Being a few minu tes late15.

28、 They came to the con clusi onby a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosi on occurred wasthe laboratory atte ndant had bee ncareless.A. for B. because C. since D. that1

29、7. I don't doubthe'll come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang ""Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six timesit was before liberati o

30、n.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Hele n is a mere washer woma n, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. surprised me most wassuch a little boy o

31、f seve n could play theviolin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave himhelp we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have give n him andyou have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me

32、A. whe n the sports meet is take n placeB. whe n is the sports meet going to be heldC. whe n is the sports meet to begi nD. whe n the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happe n to knowA. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what nu mber shoes are hi

33、s26. This book will show youcan be used in other con texts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you thi nkA. has he gone B. has he bee nC. he's gone D. was he28. Do you knowA. how many populati ons there are in th

34、e worldB. how much populati on there is in the worldC. how many the populati on of the world isD. what the populati on of the world is29. Would you go and seeoutsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happe nedC. what is happe ning D. what the matter had bee n30. The subject of "What is in te

35、resti ng is that I do not even know him." is.A. what B. in teresti ng C. What is in teresti ng D. I31. I thi nk he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you th ink who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He did n't know which room.A. they lived B. they lived inC.

36、 did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no Ion ger.A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My pare nts usedthey had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what

37、D. all what36. we go swim ming every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does37. was the ideathe wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38. did he tell his wifehe wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where39. One of the men held t

38、he viewthe book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no ideaor not he has fini shed the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. "Do you kn ow" "His father is a doctor."A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. w

39、ho his father is42. Is thiswe met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. ItBob drives badly.A. thi nks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truththere are air, water and sun light there are livi ng things.45. They discus

40、sedthey could settle the problem without others' help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked.A. what I was doing whe n she rang me upB. what was I doing whe n she rang me upC. whe n she rang me up what I was doingD. whe n did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring-You

41、can takeyou like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that48. He said that he was fond of.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. D

42、o you knowhe expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. It's un certa inthe experime nt is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the teleph one yesterdayit was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53. is to do good all on e&

43、#39;s life and n ever do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54. the boy did n't take medic ine made his mother an gry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fin e, I made the suggesti onfor a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will

44、 go C.should we go D.that we go56. we can't get seems better tha nwe have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57. you don't like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagi newhe n they received these n ice Christmas prese nts.A. h

45、ow they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. we'll go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61. is going to do the job

46、 will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Whowe'll finish tran slat ing the book depe nds on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That62. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meet ing.A. If B. Where C. That D. What63. he won't go there is clear to

47、all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This64. you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether65. makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. An ybody66. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How67. Three days later, word cameour

48、 country had sent up ano ther man-madesatellite.A. which B. whe n C. that D. where68. The problem iswill go to the meeti ng.A. why B. whe n C. what D. who70.lt looksit were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71. That ishe likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.

49、That isLu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73. We thoughtstra nge that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74. The factshe had not said any thi ng surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75. What rm con sideri ng nowthe money we n eed.A. is B. are C. were

50、D. was76. Ca n you tell meA. who is that gen tlema nB. that gen tlema n is whoC. who that gen tlema n isD. whom is that gen tlema n77. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well knowna pers on eats causes cha nges in the body.A. that wha

51、t B. that C. what D. how79. The en ergy ismakes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon toldhe did was not n ecessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully aboutMr. Needham said at the meet ing.A. that B. what C. which D. XCan you po

52、int outtwo radios are the bestA. which B. what C. that D. whether82. You will easily knowvideo recorders （ 录相机）are the same.A. what those B. that of thoseC. that all of D. which of those83. you have see n thi ngs like these before does n't matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. Whe n84. I asked her

53、in En glishshe was, and she told meshe was anactress.A. who that B. who XC. what X D. how that85. She took it for gra ntedrd be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. whe n86. We think it possiblethe local gover nment will be able to solve the hous ingproblem.A. for B. that C. whe n D. how87. Now there is a dan gerthe ground may fall in （ 沉下）un der the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that88. At that time I had no ideaI could hand it to him without being see n.A. if B. how C. which D. that how89. Last Sun day he