名词性从句学案(语法精讲-主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)+经典习题(含答案)

1、名词性从句名词性从句(主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句)(一) 主语从句1 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2 构成：关联词 +简单句3 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词 that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2) 从属连词 whether。如：Whether he'll come here isn't clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3) 连接代词 who, whom,

2、whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 解释：1 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。常以 it 作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+ 形容词 (obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句。如：It is certain

3、 that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B. It+be+ 名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。如：It ' s a pity that we can' t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 。C. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语 +that从句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice 似乎不来参加晚会。D.

4、It+doesn' t matter (makes no differenee, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesn' t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：How strange it is t

5、hat the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2 .注意连接代词 whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。(二) 表语从句1. 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2. 构成：关联词 +简单句3. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词 that 。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2) 从属连词 wh

6、ether, as, as if 。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。注：从属连词if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if却可引导表语从句能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look 等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接畐【J词 where, when, how, why 。如：T

7、he question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。解释：1. 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I thi nk it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2. 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggesti on is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。1. what引导“：+ is + what表语从句”，= “汁is + 先行

8、词 that”,表示“.是表语从句”例: Raw material is what we are badly in need of.=Raw material is the thing that we are badly in need of.2. when、where、why、whether、how 弓丨导“ ：+ is +when、where、why、whether、how 表语从句 ”, 表示".是表语从句" 例: That' where we differ.表语从句中只能用whether表示是否例: The question is whether we ca

9、n finish our work by tomorrow morning.3. that引导“ .+ is /remain/look/seem/appear + that 表语从句"，表示“.是表语从句" 例: What' troubling me is that I don 'have much experienee in this field.主语是reason时，表语从句必须 由that引出例: The reason I don 'go there was that I got a new job.4. as if/as through 弓丨

10、导“look/seem/appear/remain （系动词）+ as if/as through 表语从句 ”，表示“.好像表语从句"例：It looks as if it is going to rain.（三）宾语从句1. 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2. 构成：关联词+简单句3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词 that。 如：He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。注： that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下， that 不能省略。1. Everybody could see what

11、 happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that 宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3. That he ever said such a thing I simply don' t believe. (that 从句位于句首时， that不可省略。)

12、我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2) 从属连词 if/whether 。 如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whi

13、chever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned.(1) 介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。有时介词可以省略。如：1 don ' t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。解释： 1 .如果宾语从句后还有宾语补 足语，

14、则用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。2 .作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在 except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，贝懦用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一

15、个好学生，只是有点粗心。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用 which来引导，而要用 what来引导。如：Are you sorry for what you've done?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？3. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certai n, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词 that可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能

16、确定我该做什么。4. 连词 whether (, or not)或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if 一般不与or not连用。如：I won der whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。5. 宾语从句的否定转移。在 thi nk, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽 管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I don' t think you are right.我认为你错了。6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律

17、：(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。注意：that引导主语+谓语动词+ that宾语从句”，表示“.做(动作)宾语从句”例: The pupils said (that) the questions were too difficult.that可省略“Sb.don'tdoubt (否定/疑问句)+ that宾语从句”：否定怀疑时，必须用that 例:

18、I don 'doubt that he is telling the truth.“discuss + that宾语从句"：discuss后面必须跟that引导的宾语从句例: We discussed that we should put off the meeting.若that引导的宾语从句还 有补足语的话，需引入形式并与it，即“动词+ it +宾语 补足语+ that宾语从句”例: Cli nto n wants to make it clear to the public that the gover nment will in vestiaate the eve

19、 nt seriously(四)同位语从句1. 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2. 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, n ews, idea, thought, questi on, reply, report, remark 等, 关联词多用从属连词that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。女口：I have no idea whether he' ll come or not. 我不知道他是

20、否来。连接代词 who, which, what和连接副词 where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The questi on who should do the work requires con siderati on.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 解释：

21、1that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that 引导的同位语从句， that 引导的定语从句 功能上： that 只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语 时可省略。意义上：从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that 不可省。） 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动

22、词用虚拟语气 should+动词原形表示。 should 可省。如：This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。注意： that 引导“ fact/fear/news/message/word/story/question/problem/truth/hope/idea/promise/ suggestion/belief/doubt/evidenee （抽象名词） + that 同位语从句 + 谓语 + 其他" 例： The news

23、that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.若同位语从句较长，可将位于主句的 谓语动词提前 ，将同位语从句置后例： Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.名词性从句专项练习1 he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked

24、 the customer howA. did the quarrel came aboutB .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universit

25、ies.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient' s fear he would die o

26、f the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came _the soldiers the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. there;

27、 whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if11. Is he said really true?A. that B. what C. why D. whether12. the meeting should last two days or three days doesn' t matter.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13.

28、 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.A. while B. if C. that D. for14. ?more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. Whether B. This C. who D. If15. he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16. you don ' t

29、 like him is none of my business.A. What B. ThatC. Who D. How17. all the inventions have in common is they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what18. appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That19. It is widely that smoking can caus

30、e cancer.A. believed B. thinkC. sayD. hoped20. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. HowD. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA1、（） of Class Six do what they can to help the orpha n is known to every onein our school.A The studentsB Whatever the studentsC

31、What the studentsD That the students2、 （）caused the accident is still a completely mystery.A WhatB ThatC HowD When3、 （）What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A whenB howC whetherD why4、 （）This is the river was polluted.A whatB howC thatD whether5、 （）It s

32、ounds the situation is unlikely to improve.A as ifB howC asD so that6、 （）There is a general feeling in them they are dissatisfied with the gameresult the Chinese football team got.A thatB whichC of whichD what7、 （）I have no idea .A what does this sentence meanB what the meaning of this sentenceC wha

33、t this sentence meansD what is the meaning of this sentence8、 （）I do not care it does not rain cats and dogs.A whetherB weatherC thatD /9、 （）Miss Lin felt .A an honour that she was a teacherB that she was a teacher an honourC it an honour whether she was a teacherD it an honour that she was a teache

34、r10、 （）The old man takes a walk every morning it rains.A exceptB except thatC except forD except when巩固练习1、 （）really concerned her was that her own son lacked too many hours of sleepevery day.A WhichB WhyC ThatD What2、 （） has eyes can see great progress we have made recently.A No matter who ; howB W

35、hoever ; whatC Who ; whatD Who ; how3、 （）surprised me most was the sudden change of his attitude.A That B Which C What D It4、（） he had not looked the door before he left.A That occurred to him B He occurred thatC To him it occurredD It occurred to him that5、（） has not been decided yet.A When a meeti

36、ng is taking placeB When a meeting will be taken placeC When will a meeting take placeD When a meeting will take place6、（） is necessary to us all is we must know what we are fit for .A It ; whatB As ; whatC What ; that D It ; that7、（） It is doubtful he knows it or not.A whether B thatC ifD what8、（）

37、we shall make the trip depends on much money we have got.A That ; how B Whether ; howC When ; soD If ; how9、（） we will start the experiment depends on we can get enoughmoney.A If ; whether B Whether ; whetherC Whether ; thatD If ; that10、（）He said that he was not interested in having a car , but he could notafford one.A the fact thatB the fact that wasC the fact was that D it was the fact11、（）I had neither a raincoat nor an unbrella . I got wet through.A It is reason B That is whyC There is whyD It is how12、（）The problem is or not we can find