大学英语初级听力文本Unit22-23

1、Lesson22ClassinBritainandAmericaChristine:Harry,asanAmerican,haveyounoticedanystrongclassdistinctionsinEnglishsocietysinceyouvebeenhere?Harry:Strongclassdistinctions?Yes,theyhaventchangedatallthatswhatthatswhatamusesmeinfifteenyearsorfourteenyearsthatthestratificationisexactlythesameasitwaswhenIfirs

2、tcame.Itsextraordinarythatitpervadeseverything.Anna:Whatisclassdistinction?BecauseIdontknowwhetheritswhatjobtheydoor.Harry:Itspeoplesaccents.InPygmalion,youknow,itgoesbackto,assoonasyouopenyourmouthinEnglandyoureimmediatelyyouknowplaced.Anna:DoyoumeanthattherearentdifferentaccentsinAmerica?Harry:Not

3、ofcoursetherearedifferentaccentsbuttheyrenotastheyrenotnearlyasclearlydefined.Anna:ButImean,dontdoesntacertainstrataofAmericansocietyuseperhapsmoreslangthananotherone?Morecorrect?Harry:NotthewaytheydoinEngland.InEnglandtheyseemtoreallysticktogether.ImeanIwenttheotherweekforthefirsttimeinmylifetoapoi

4、nt-to-pointandIcouldntbelievewhatIfound.ThereIwasinthemiddleofLincolnshireandwewentthroughmuddyfieldsandsuddenlywecameuponthisparkinglotwithninethousandRangeRoversinitandeveryonegoingOh,hellodarling.Howareyou?youknowanditwashilariousImeanandtheywereallyouknowthismeetingoftheclanandthatcertainlydoesn

5、thappeninAmericaandallthosepeoplespokethesameway.Barrie:Butthatyes,IliveinthemiddleofthecountryinthesouthandImustsaywhenImovedthereInoticedImeanofcourseIdbeenawareofclassbeforethatbutIhadnoideathatthelinesbetweenthemweresorigid.Ilivedonanestateofaverybigandsuccessfulfarmuntilrecently,andsothefarmofc

6、oursewasrunbythelandedgentrywhoallwenthuntingandtopoint-to-pointandalltherestofit.Ilivednextdoortothegroomwhowaswhodespisedthembecausetheydidallthisandhehadtojustgetthehorsesready,umbutatthesametimehewasterriblyfondofthemandtheyofhimandtherewasallthissortofpaternalisticattitudetothecountryworkerstha

7、tstillgoeson.IwasstaggeredandnobodyknewwheretoputmebecauseIwaslivinginatiedcottagethatwastiedtothefarm,umbutbecauseIdidntworkwithanyofthemtheywerealluneasywithme.Mostpeculiar.Christine:ButIthinkyouraiseaverygoodpointthereBarriebecauseyoureinfacttalkingaboutyourselfnotfittingintoeitherofthesetwoextre

8、mesandIdliketoaskHarryagainhowmanyclasseshecanseeveryclearlydefined.Barrie:InEngland?Christine:InEngland,yes.Harry:Well,Iguess,threeoffthetopofmyhead.Imeannotcountingimmigrantsandforeigners.Yes,Imeantheresthemiddleclassisthemostsnobbishofallitseemstome.Youknow,theyrethemostawareofthewholesystemreall

9、ybecausetheyreupwardlymobileusuallyyouknowtheyhopetobe,andtheyretheonesImeantheupperclassarewhatIfindextraordinarytheyseemtobetotallyuninhibitedforthemostpart.Ithinkitsextraordinary.ImeanImnotpassinganymoraljudgementsonthembutitstillexists.John:Becausetheyvegottheconfidence.Anna:.andthemoney.Barrie:

10、.confidenceandthemoney.John:Wellno,Idontthinkmoneysmuchtodowithitactually.Anna:Howcanyouchangeit?Imeanhowwouldyouchangeit?Harry:Imnotsayingitshouldbechanged.Anna:No,no,no,no.IdontImeanpeopledosaythatitshouldbechanged.PoliticianssaythatweshouldhavetotalequalitywhichIdontbelieveyoucaneverhaveinanythin

11、g.Harry:Wellthereshouldbeequalityofopportunity.Imeanatleastitsaniceidealtohave,isntit?Task1:Autobiography:SeminoleGirl(I)PublicschoolwashardcomparedtowhatIdhadbefore,dayschoolonthereservationandayearatSequoyahGovernmentSchool.Ialmostflunkedeighthgradeatthepublicschool,anditwasamiraclethatIpassed.Iju

12、stdidntknowalotofthings,mathematicsandstuff.Isurviveditsomehow.Idontknowhow,butIdid.ThemanwhowasheadofthedepartmentofeducationattheAgencywastheonlypersonoutsideofmyfamilywhohelpedmeandencouragedmetogetaneducation.HeunderstoodandreallyhelpedmewithmanythingsIdidntknowabout.Foralongtimethewhitepublicsc

13、hoolfortheBigCypressareawouldnotletIndianchildrenattend.AboyandIwerethefirstBigCypressIndianstograduatefromthatschool.Heisnowinthearmedforces.AfterIgraduatedfromhighschool,Iwenttobusinesscollege,becauseinhighschoolIdidnttakecoursesthatwouldpreparemefortheuniversity.Irealizedthattherewasnothingformet

14、odo.Ihadnotraining.AllIcoulddowasgobacktothereservation.IthoughtmaybeIdgotoHaskellInstitute,butmymotherwasinaTBhospital,andIdidntwanttogotoofaraway.Ididwanttogoontoschoolandfindsomejobandwork.Sothedirectorofeducation,attheAgencysaid,maybehecouldworksomethingoutformesoIcouldgotoschooldownhere.Ithough

15、tbookkeepingwouldbegoodbecauseIhadhadthatinhighschoolandlovedit.SoIenrolledinthebusinesscollege,butmyEnglishwassobadthatIhadanawfultime.IhadtotakethreeextramonthsofEnglishcourses.Butthathelpedme.IneverdidunderstandwhymyEnglishwassobadwhetheritwasmyfaultortheEnglishIhadinhighschool.IthoughtIgotbyinhi

16、ghschool;theynevertoldmethatmyEnglishwassoinferior,butitwasnotgoodenoughforcollege.Itwasterriblehavingtoattendspecialclasses.Atcollegethehardestthingwasnotlonelinessbutschoolworkitself.IhadaroommatefromBrighton,oneofthethreereservations,soIhadsomeonetotalkto.Thelandladywasawfullysuspiciousatfirst.We

17、wereIndians,youknow.Shewouldgothroughourapartment;andifwehadntdonethedishes,shewashedthem.Wedidntlikethat.Butthenshelearnedtotrustus.Collegewassofastforme.Everyoneknewsomuchmore.ItwasasthoughIhadneverbeentoschoolbefore.AssoonasIgothome,Istartedstudying.Ireadassignmentsbothbeforeandafterthelectures.I

18、readthembeforesoIcouldunderstandwhattheprofessorwassaying,andIreadthemagainafterwardsbecausehetalkedsofast.IwasneversureIunderstood.Incollegetheydresseddifferentlyfromhighschool,andIdidntknowanythingaboutthat.Ilearnedhowtodress.Forthefirstsixweeks,though,Ineverwentanywhere.Istayedhomeandstudied.Itwa

19、shardrealhard.(Icanimaginewhatarealuniversitywouldbelike.)Anditwassodifferent.Ifyoudidntturninyourwork,thatwasjustyourtoughluck.Noonekeptatmethewaytheydidinhighschool.Theydidntsay,OK,Illgiveyouanotherweek.GraduallyIstartedmakingfriends.IguesssomeofthemthoughtIwasdifferent.OneboyaskedmewhatpartofIndi

20、aIwasfrom.HedidntevenknowtherewereIndiansinFlorida.Isaid,ImanAmerican.Thingslikethatarekindofhard.Icouldntseemyfamilyoften,butinawaythatwashelpfulbecauseIhadtolearntoadjusttomynewenvironment.Nobodycouldhelpmebutmyself.Task2:Autobiography:SeminoleGirl(II)Well,Igraduatedandwentdowntothebank.Thepreside

21、ntofthebankhadcalledtheagencyandsaidhewouldliketoemployaqualifiedIndiangirl.SoIwentdownthere,andtheygavemeatest,andIwasinterviewed.AndthentheytoldmetocomeinthefollowingMonday.ThatshowIwenttowork.IfinishedcollegeMay29,andIwenttoworkJune1.Iworkedthereforthreeyears.Inthefallof1966,myfatherandthepreside

22、ntoftheTribalBoardaskedmetocomebacktoBigCypresstomanageaneweconomicenterprisethere.Itseemedlikeadreamcometrue,becauseIcouldnotgobacktoliveatBigCypresswithoutajobthere.Butitwasnotaneasydecision.Ilikedmybankwork.YoumightsayIhadfalleninlovewithbanking.ButallmylifeIhadwantedtodosomethingtohelpmypeople,a

23、ndIcoulddothatonlybyleavingmybankjobinMiami.BeingthepersonIam,Ihadtogoback.IwouldhavefeltguiltyifIhadachancetohelpandIdidnt.ButItoldmydaddythatIcouldntgivehimananswerrightaway,andIknewhewasupsetbecausehehadexpectedmetojumpatthechancetocomeback.Hedidunderstand,though,thatIhadtothinkaboutit.Heknewwhen

24、IwenttoliveoffthereservationthatIhadhadaprettyhardtime,gettingusedtoajob,gettingusedtopeople.HeknewIhadaccomplishedalot,anditwasnteasyformetogiveitup.ButthatshowIfelt.Ihadtothink.AtonetimeitseemedtomethatIcouldnevergobacktoreservationlife.Butthenreally,throughitall,Ialwayswishedtherewassomething,eve

25、nthesmallestthing,thatIcoulddoformypeople.MaybeImhelpingnow.ButIcanseethatImaygettiredofitinayear,orevenless.ButrightnowImgladtohelpbuildupthestore.Ifitdidntworkout,ifthestorefailed,andIthoughtIhadnteventried,Iwouldreallyfeelbad.Thebasicthingaboutmyfeelingisthatmybrothersandsistersandniecesandnephew

26、scanbuildlateroninthefutureonlythroughthefoundationtheirparentsandIbuild.MaybeIndianparentsdontalwaysshowtheiraffection;buttheyhavetaughtusthat,eventhoughwehaveaproblem,wearestillsupposedtohelponeanother.AndthatiswhatIamtryingtodo.Evenwhenwewerekids,ifwehadsomethingandotherkidsdidnt,wemustsharewhatw

27、ehad.Bytheageofnine,girlswereexpectedtotakecompletecareofyoungerchildren.Itoohadtotakecareofmylittlebrotherandsister.Igrewupfast.Thatsjustwhatparentsexpected.Nowteenagersdontwanttodothat,sotheygetangryandtakeoff.HeadStartandnurserieshelptheworkingmothersbecauseolderchildrendonttendthelittleonesanymo

28、re.Theoldwaysarechanging,andIhopetohelpsomeofthepeople,particularlygirlsaboutmyage,changetosomethinggood.Therearepeopleonthereservationwhodontseemtolikeme.Maybetheyarejealous,butIdontknowwhy.Iknowtheyresentmesomehow.WhenIusedtocomefromschoolorfromworkbacktothereservation,Icouldtellsomepeoplefeltlike

29、this.IdontthinkthatIhaveever,ever,eveninthesmallestway,triedtoprovemyselfbetterormoreknowingthanotherpeople.Ihavetwoclosefriendshere,soIdontfeeltoolonely;butotherpeoplemyagedonotmakefriendswithme.Imissmysister,andImissmyroommatefromMiami.Mytwofriendsherearegoodfriends.IcantellthemanythingIwant.Icant

30、alktothem.Thatsimportant,thatIcantalktothem.ThatswhatIlookforinafriend,nottheireducation,butforenjoymentofthesamethings,andunderstanding.Butthereareonlytwoofthem.Ihavenotbeenabletofindotherfriends.TheoldpeoplethinkIknoweverythingbecauseIvebeentoschool.Buttheoldpeopledonthavethekindofexperiencewhicha

31、llowsthemtounderstandourproblems.Theythinkthatitiseasysomehowtocomebackhere.Theythinkthereisnothingelse.TheydonotunderstandthattherearethingsImissontheoutside.Theydonotunderstandenoughtobefriends.Theyarekind,andtheyaregladthatIameducated,buttheydonotunderstandmyproblems.Theydonotunderstandloneliness

32、.MainIdeasandSupportingDetails1. Onewondershow,then,thesestudentshavearrivedatsuchafalseconclusion.Onereason,ofcourse,maybethattheyresciencestudents.Scientifictermsgenerallypossessonlyone,preciselydefined,meaning.Itis,infact,exactlythisqualitythatmakesthesewordsdistinctiveinEnglish,orindeedinanyothe

33、rlanguage.AnotherreasoncouldbethewayinwhichthesestudentsweretaughtEnglish.Forexample,longvocabularylistsarestillanimportantfeatureintheforeignlanguagelearningprogrammesofmanycountries.OnonesideofthepageisthewordinEnglish;ontheothersideasinglewordinthestudentsnativelanguage.2. Practicallyallthestuden

34、tsthinkthateverywordinEnglishhadanexacttranslationalequivalentintheirownlanguage.Againthisisagrossdistortionofthetruth.SometimesawordinthestudentsnativelanguagemaynothaveanequivalentinEnglishatall,whichmayhavetoemployaphraseasatranslation.Sometimesonewordinthestudentslanguagemaybetranslatedbyoneoftw

35、opossiblewordsinEnglish.Thedifficultythatmanystudentshavewiththetwoverbsdoandmakeisanexampleofthis.OftentheareaofmeaningcoveredbyonewordinthestudentslanguagemaybewiderornarrowerthantheareaofmeaningcoveredbyacorrespondingwordinEnglish.Thissometimeshappenswiththenamingofcolours,wheremoststudentswoulde

36、xpectanexactcorrespondencebetweentheirlanguageandEnglish.Thebordersbetweentheprimarycoloursofthespectrumare,however,drawnatdifferentplacesindifferentlanguages.Translation,infact,isaparticularlydifficultthingtodowell.Itcertainlycantbedonebymatchingsinglewordsfromonelanguagebysinglewordsfromanother.At

37、first,thosecomputerscientistswhoattemptedtoconstructanautomatictranslationmachinemadethismistake.Themachinesoftenproducednonsense.3. What,then,isthebestwaytoincreaseonesvocabularyinaforeignlanguage?Thiscanbeansweredinthreewords.Firstly,observation:theunknownwordshouldbeobservedinitscontext;inotherwo

38、rds,theneighbouringwordsandthegrammaticalconstructionshouldbenoted.Agooddictionaryshouldbereferredtoandexamplesoftheusageofthewordshouldbenoted.Secondly,imitation:thestudentshouldusethenewwordinappropriatecontexts,imitatingtheexampleshehasnoted.Finally,repetition:hellneedtopractiseusingthewordsevera

39、ltimesbeforehesconfidentthathecanuseitcorrectly;inotherwords,repetitionisnecessaryifthenewwordistostick,andespeciallyifitistoenterthestudentsactivevocabulary.Lesson23Task1:FindingaJobInterviewer:Hello.MynamesHudson.DickHudson.Applicant:ImPamelaGable.Interviewer:Well,takeaseat,please.MissGableitisMis

40、s,isntit?Thoughtso.Well,letmejustcheckthatIvegottheseparticularsright.YoursurnameisGable,speltG-A-B-L-E,andyourfirstnamesarePamelaAnn.Fine.Youliveat147CollingtonRoad,Croydon.yourtelephonenumberis2468008.youwerebornonJuly8th,1965,and.thatsaboutit.OK?Fine.Letssee.whatareyouworkingwithatthemoment?Appli

41、cant:Imthepersonalassistanttothemanagerofamodellingagency.Interviewer:Oh,really?Andwhatdoesthatinvolve?Applicant:Abitofeverything,really.Ihavetokeeptheaccounts,writeafewletters,answerthetelephone,lookafterbookingsandengagementsandthatsortofthing.Interviewer:Youworkwithpeoplealot,doyou?Applicant:Ohye

42、s.Ihavetolookafterallthemodelswhoworkforus,youknow,keepthemhappy,lendanunderstandingeartotheirheartaches,youknow.Interviewer:Haveyoueverdoneanythingtodowithhotelsorconferenceshotelmanagement,forinstance?Applicant:No,notreally.Ididworkforashorttimeasacourierforatouroperator,takingforeignersonguidedto

43、ursofLondon.Perhapsthatsthesortofthingyoumean?Interviewer:Yes,Ithinkitis.Doyouspeakanylanguages?Applicant:Yes,Ido.IspeakFrenchandItalianyousee,IspentseveralyearsabroadwhenIwasyounger.Interviewer:Oh,didyou?Thatsveryinteresting.Andwhataboutanyexamsyouvetaken?Applicant:Well,Ileftschoolat16.Youknow,ther

44、edidntseemtobeanypointinstayingonsomehow;IwassureIcouldlearnmuchmorebygettingajobandabitofexperienceandindependence.Interviewer:Soyouhavenoformalqualificationsatall?Isee.Well,Idontsupposeitmatters.Applicant:Um.Iwaswonderingifperhapsyoucouldtellmeabitmoreaboutthejob?Youknow,itsaidintheadthatyouwanted

45、agoaheadgirlwithcarandimagination,butthatsnotverymuchtogoon.Interviewer:No,itisnt.Well,werunconferences,andyourjobasconferencecoordinatorwouldbe,well,muchthesameastheoneyouhavenow,Isuppose.Meetingpeople,transportingthemfromoneplacetoanother,makingsuretheyrecomfortable,abitoftelephoning,andsoon.Appli

46、cant:ItsoundslikejustthesortofthingIwanttodo.Interviewer:Thereisthequestionofsalary,ofcourse.Applicant:Well,mypresentsalaryis8,000pounds,soIcouldntacceptanylessthanthat.EspeciallyifIhavetousemycar.Interviewer:Ah!Wehavesomethinglike7,500inmind,plusofcourseagenerousallowanceforthecar.Butlook,ifIwereyo

47、u,Idtakesometimetothinkaboutthis.Perhapsyoudcaretohaveaquicklookroundtheofficehere,seeifyoulikethelookofthepeoplewhoworkhere.Applicant:WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddothen？Task2:HypnosisAnn:Whendidyoudiscoverthatyouhadthistalentforhypnosis,Dr.Parker?Dr.Parker:WhenIwasafinalyearmedicalstudent,actually.Idbeenr

48、eadingalotaboutitanddecidedtotryitmyselfonafewfriends,youknowusingcertainwell-triedtechniques.Ann:Andyouweresuccessful.Dr.Parker:Well,yes.IwasamazedathowquicklyIwasabletodoit.Ann:Couldyoutellmemoreaboutthesetechniques?Dr.Parker:Certainly.MymethodhaschangedverylittlesinceIstarted.Tobeginwith,Igetthes

49、ubjecttoliecomfortablyonasofa,whichhelpstorelaxthebody.Yousee,inordertoreachapersonsmind,youhavetomakehimforgethisbodyasmuchaspossible.ThenItellhimtoconcentrateonmyvoice.Someexpertsclaimthatthesoundofthevoiceisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsinhypnosis.Ann:Doyouhaveanassistantwithyou?Dr.Parker:Yes,butonlya

50、sasecretary.Healwayssitswellinthebackground,takingnotesandlookingaftertherecordingequipment.ThenItellthesubjectnottothinkaboutwhatImsayingbutjusttoacceptit.Ann:Dontyouuseaswingingwatchorflashinglights?Dr.Parker:No.AtfirstIusedtorelyonthetickingofaclocksomesaythatboring,repetitivesoundshelpbutnowIsim

51、plygetmypatienttostareatsomeobjectintheroom.AtthispointIsuggestthathesfeelingsleepyandthathisbodysbecomingsorelaxedthathecanhardlyfeelit.Ann:Becareful,Dr.Parker,Imbeginningtofeelverydrowsymyself.Dr.Parker:Dontworry.Iwontmakeyoudoanythingsilly,Ipromise.Ann:Whatyouresaying,then,isthatyouwanttocontroly

52、ourpatientsmind,andthattodothisyouhavefirsttotakecareofthebody.Dr.Parker:Yes.Yousee,theaimofthesessionistomakethepatientrememberingreatdetailanexperiencewhichhascausedhimalotofpainandsuffering,andbydoingthattohelphimtofacehisproblems.Ann:Iveheardapersonsmemoryisfarmorepowerfulunderhypnosis.Dr.Parker

53、:Indeeditis.Someofthethingsthatpatientsareabletorememberarejustincredible.Ann:Wouldyoumindgivingmeanexample?Dr.Parker:Notatall.Duringasession,itsstandardproceduretotakeapatientbackintimeslowly,pausingatcertaintimesinhislifeandaskingafewquestions.Ann:To,sortof,setthescenebeforeyougodeeper.Isthatwhaty

54、oumean?Dr.Parker:Thatsitexactly.Well,once,Itookathirty-five-year-oldladybacktotheageofeightinfact,ItoldheritwashereighthbirthdayandIaskedherwhatdayitwas.IlatercheckedacalendarforthatyearandshewasrightitwasaTuesday.Sheeventoldmewhowasatherparty,theirnames,whattheywerewearingandaboutthepresentssherece

55、ived.Imean,canyourememberevenyourlastbirthday?Ann:Icouldnteventellyouwhatdaymybirthdayfellonthisyear.Dr.Parker:Precisely.AndwhenIaskedhertowritedownheraddressatthattime,thehandwritingwasinaveryimmaturestyle.Ilatercomparedittoasamplefromsomeoldschoolexercisebookshermotherhadkeptanditwasidentical.Ann:

56、Dr.Parker,thatsanamazingstory.Dr.Parker:Ivetakenpatientsbacktotheirfirstyearandafewevenfurtherthanthat.butthatsanotherstory,unlessyouvegotplentyoftime.GettingaJobThesedaysitshardenoughtofindasuitablejob,letalonegetasfarasaninterview.DozensofpeopleeverydayscourtheSituationsVacantcolumnsofthepress,sen

57、dofftheircurriculumvitaeorapplicationform,andwaithopefullytobesummonecforaninterview.Nowthis,apparently,iswherealotofpeoplefalldown,becauseoftheirinadequacyatcompletingtheirapplicationforms,accordingtoJudithDavidson,authorofGettingaJob,abookwhichhasrecentlycomeonthemarket.Thisbook,asthetitlesuggests

58、,iscrammedfullofusefultipsonhowtosetaboutfindingyourselfworkinthesedifficulttimes.Ourreporter,ChristopherShields,decidedtolookintothisapparentinabilityoftheBritishtosellthemselves,andhespoketoJudithDavidsonaboutit.Judith:Veryoftenajobapplicationoracurriculumvitaewillcontainbasicgrammaticalorcarelessspellingmistakes,evenfromuniversitygraduates.Thenthosethatdogetasfarasaninterviewbecomeinarticulateorclumsywhentheytrytotalkaboutthemselves.Itdoesntmatterhowhighlyqualifiedorbrilliantyou