英汉汉英翻译模拟试卷和答案

1、Network Education College, BLCU英汉/汉英翻译模拟试卷一注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。I. Multiple Choice Questions（2 points for each, altogether 60 points）Directions: This part consists of thirty sentences, each

2、followed by four different versions marked A, B, C, and D. Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. It was quite a few years before Mark Twain finally finished his last novel.A 在马克·吐温完成最后一部小说之前，已经是好几年了。B 在马克·吐温完成最后一部小说之前，又是好几年了。C 马克·吐温完成最后一部小说时，又

3、过了好几年。D 过了好几年，马克·吐温才终于完成最后一部小说。2. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.A 当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B 在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。 C 虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D 虽然我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之

4、间的鸿沟。3. There is no one of us but wishes to go swimming in the lake.A 我们没有人愿意去湖里游泳。B 我们只有一个人想去湖里游泳。C 我们并非人人都愿意去湖里游泳。D 我们每一个人都想去湖里游泳。4. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. A 正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。B 蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。C 正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，

5、和昆虫密不可分。D 蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。5. The door opens, and who should enter but the very man we were talking of.A 门开了，谁想到进来的正是我们刚才谈论的人。B 门开了，除了那个我们正在谈论的那个人，谁应该进来？C 门开了，谁还能进来，不就是那个刚才我们还在谈论的人嘛。D 门开了，果然是我们刚才谈论的人进来了。6. You cant be too careful while driving! A 开车要特别小心！ B 开车不能太小心！ C 你开车时不得不小心翼翼！ D 你开车要

6、小心，但切忌谨小慎微！ 7. The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. A 土样被从不同深度取出，进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 B 从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验，看是否有含油的迹象。 C 根据含油的迹象，土样被从不同深度取出，对之进行检验。 D 为了寻找含油的迹象，从不同深度取出土样以后，便进行检验。 8. Scarcity of deer in some areas or Texas is attributed to the screw-worm. A 德克萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少造成

7、了这样螺旋锥蝇的出现。 B 德克萨斯州某些地区稀少的鹿群与这种螺旋锥蝇起着相互影响。 C 这种螺旋锥蝇的出现，就是因德克萨斯州某些地区鹿群稀少而造成的。 D 德克萨斯州某些地区鹿群之所以稀少，就是由这种螺旋锥蝇造成的。 9. It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone my visit which I had intended to pay to Germany in January. A 我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。 B 我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。 C 令我深感失望

8、的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。 D 令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对德国预定的访问。 10. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, and the waters flow more quietly. A 河面逐渐展开，两岸徐徐向后退去，河水也流得更为平缓。 B 河面逐渐展开，两岸离得越来越远，河水也流得更为平缓。 C 河面逐渐展开，两岸变得越来越近，河水也流得更为平缓。 D 河面逐渐展开，两岸愈加隐隐约约，河水也流得更为平缓。 11. Zhou Enlai arranged for experts f

9、rom Beijing University to give Bill Morrow some up-to-date information he wanted. A 北京大学的专家想为比尔·莫罗提供一些最新情况，周恩来就给他们作了安排。 B 周恩来想让北京大学的专家做出安排，向比尔·莫罗介绍一些最新情况。 C 比尔·莫罗想了解一些最新的情况，周恩来就安排北京大学的专家向他作介绍。 D 比尔·莫罗想了解一些有关北京大学的专家的最新情况，周恩来就作了安排。 12. For safety, all passengers are required to rev

10、iew this card and follow these instructions when needed.A 为了安全，请各位乘客反复阅读本卡片，务必按照各项规定执行。B 为了保险起见，请各位乘客务必阅读本卡片，并参加相关内容执行。C 为了保险起见，要求所有乘客在需要时都能看到这张卡片及以下这些内容。D 为了安全，要求所有乘客仔细阅读本卡片各项内容，必要时照其执行。13. Peter misunderstood the instructions his boss gave him and mailed the wrong documents to the supplier.A 彼得按照老

11、板给他的指示把单据误寄给供货商。B 彼得误解了老板对他的指示，向供货商发错了单据。C 彼得对老板的指示还没理解就把错误的单据交给供货商。D 彼得没来得及听取老板的指示就给供货商寄去了有错误的单据。14. People now have more leisure time, which is the reason why the demand for services has increased so rapidly.A 如今人们有更多的时间去娱乐，从而影响了劳务资源的快速上升。B 如今希望有时间娱乐的人越来越多，这是因为服务质量在迅速提高了。C 如今人们有了更多的闲暇时间，因而对各种服务的需求

12、增长得如此快。D 如今人们有了更多的空闲时间，这就是要求迅速提高服务质量的原因。15. Passengers going to the airport by arranged buses must take the bus at the time and place as shown below.A 搭乘专车前往机场的旅客，务必在下列指定的时间和地点乘车。B 乘公共汽车去机场的旅客必须乘这路车，时间和地点安排如下。C 经安排搭乘汽车去机场的旅客，应按指定的时间和地点上车。D 机场即将为旅客安排汽车，请注意下列指定的上车时间和地点。16. It gives us much pleasure to

13、 send you the goods asked for in your letter of September 10.A 我们很高兴贵方要求我们九月十日寄出优质产品。B 我们十分高兴贵方来信要求我们九月十日来函询问我们的商品。C 我们很高兴寄去你们九月十日来信询问的商品。D 很高兴发去贵方九月十日来函索购的货物。17. If you can provide satisfactory after-sale service, your products will surely have a wide market here.A 如果你们能够提供满意的售后服务，你们的产品在这里会有广阔的市场。B

14、 如果你们在销售后产品令人满意，你们的产品将在这里广泛地开拓市场。C 如果你们在销售后产品令人满意，你们的产品将进入这里的一个大市场。D 如果你们能够提供满意的售后服务，你们的产品在这里会有很大的销量。18. So long as we know each others requirements, I am sure the tasks will proceed as planned.A 如果我们了解对方的需求，我确信会谈会像计划那样进行的。B 我相信我们的会谈会计划好的，如果我们早已了解了对方的需求。C 只要我们双方了解对方的要求，我想洽谈会按计划进行下去的。D 既然我们知道，彼此需求都这么

15、长时间了，我相信谈话会按计划进展。19. The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.A 中国政府历来极为重视环境保护工作。B 中国政府始终认为环境保护工作很重要。C 中国政府一直对环境保护工作给予高度重视。D 中国政府总是附着重要性于环境的保护。20. As soon as we reached the top of the hill, it rained heavily.A 我们一到达山顶，就下起大雨来了。B 雨下大了，我们才到达山顶。C 我们到山顶时雨下大了

16、。D 我们到山顶时，雨下大了。21. It is said that a lot of Lu Xuns works has been translated into many languages.A 听说鲁迅的很多著作已经被翻译成许多种语言。B 据说鲁迅的大部分小说已经被翻译成许多种语言。C 听说鲁迅的许多小说已经被翻译成许多种语言。D 据说鲁迅的很多著作已经被翻译成许多种语言。22. They didnt turn up until 11 oclock at night.A 他们晚上11点才露面。B 他们晚上11点才回来。C 他们直到晚上11点才露面。D 他们直到晚上11点才回来23. So

17、me interviewees lose their chance simply because they fail to be self-confident.A 一些面试的人失去了机会，简单的说是因为他们不够自信。B 一些面试的人以为不相信自身的能力而轻易放弃机会。C 一些面试的人轻易的放弃了机会，因为他们无法保持自信。D 一些面试的人只是因为他们未能表现自信心而失去了机会。24. It is reported that air pollution affects rivers and lakes indirectly because it causesacid rain. A 据报道，空气

18、污染导致酸雨，因而对河流和湖泊造成间接影响。B 据报道，空气污染了河流和湖泊，间接的原因是因为有酸雨。C 据报道，空气污染间接来源于河流和湖泊的污染，因为后者会导致酸雨。D 据报道，空气污染对河流和湖泊的影响是间接的，因为它的成因是酸雨。25. We are lucky to have the most up-to-date equipment in our laboratory, with which we can complete our research in time. A 我们很幸运能够拥有最先进的实验室，可以随时用来进行研究。B 很幸运，我们及时地找到了从事研究所需要的最完整的资料

19、和设备。C 很幸运，我们实验室拥有最先进的设备，可以用来及时完成研究任务。D 非常幸运，我们实验室拥有的先进设备最多，能够完成所有的研究任务。26. All of our four objectives of this trip have been fulfilled, which is more than I had expected. A 我们此行四个目标的完成情况比我预期的要好。B 我们此行的目标一共四个，比我预期的还多。C 我们此行总共完成了四个目标，比我预期的要多。D 我们此行的四个目标均已达到，比我预期的要好。27. You may use this computer, on co

20、ndition that you are able to handle it properly so as not to damage it. A 这台计算机你可以使用，但如果损坏，你要有条件进行维修。B 只要你能正确地使用计算机，不损坏它，你就可以使用。C 你可以使用这台计算机，条件是如有损坏，你能维修。D 在有条件的情况下你可以使用计算机，千万别损坏它。28. Not surprisingly, many scientists predict that such changes in the climate will probably result in hotter days.A 毫不奇

21、怪，许多科学家都预计气候的这些变化可能会导致天气变暖。B 毫不奇怪，许多科学家都认为这样的变化可能会导致热天更多。C 许多科学家对于气候变化和炎热天气所产生的后果毫不惊讶。D 许多科学家都认为天气变暖会改变气候，这并不令人怀疑。29. Both late sleepers and early risers find the fixed hours of a nine-to-five workday a problem.A 早起的和晚睡的人都发现了问题，应该把早9晚5的工作时间定下来。B 早起的和晚睡的人都发现了早9晚5这种固定工作时间带来的问题。C 早起的和晚睡的人都认为早9晚5这种固定的上班

22、时间有问题。D 早起的和晚睡的人都认为应该把工作时间定为早9点到晚5点。30. We are confident that we will get rid of those difficulties since the government has agreed to give us some help.A 由于政府已经同意给予我们一些帮助，我们有信心克服那些困难。B 自从政府同意给予我们帮助以来，我们才下了脱贫致富的决心。C 政府同意给我们一些帮助，因此我们要下定决心直面困难。D 我们有信心克服困难，争取政府同意给我们一些帮助。II.Translate the following sente

23、nces into English.（2 points for each, altogether 20 points）31. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。32. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。33. 她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。34. 在南京发生过许多重大的历史事件。35. 希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。36. 他出现在台上，观众给予热烈鼓掌。37. 这些书很畅销。38. 请旅客在此填写报关表。39. 截止日期延长三天。40. 他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。IIITranslate the following sentence

24、s into Chinese.（2 points for each, altogether 20 points）41. She was with a child.42. Only after I had heard his explanation did I understand what it was all about.43. He paid little attention to the details of the plan.44. Blood spilled on both sides.45. His addition completed the list.46. The visit

25、or was flattered and impressed.47. Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 60 years.48. The whole country was armed in a few days.49. Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.50. She does not photograph well.英汉/汉英翻译模拟试卷一答案I. Multiple Choice. (2points for each

26、, altogether 60 points)题号12345678910111213答案DCDBAABDBBCDB题号14151617181920212223242526答案CADACAADCDACD题号27282930答案BABA II. Translation the following sentences into English.(2 points for each, altogether 20 points)31. Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see i

27、f there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (课件第一课英译汉练习)32. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. (课件第一课汉译英练习)33. It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (课件第二课翻译技巧)34. Nanjing witn

28、essed many great historic events.(课件第二课如何选择主语汉译英练习)35. It is hoped/anticipated that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cites in the future. (课件第六课汉译英练习)36. He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.( 课件第三课主动与被动)37. These books sell well. (课件第五课)38. P

29、assengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here. (课件第三课主动与被动)39. The deadline was extended for three days. (课件第三课主动与被动)40. They taught us the value of an opportunity. (课件第四课翻译技巧转词译)III. Translation the following sentences into Chinese. (2 points for each, altogether 20 points)41

30、. 她带着一个孩子。(课件第五课英译汉练习)42.听了他的解释，我才知道是怎么回事。(课件第三课翻译技巧具体与抽象)43. 他没有注意计划的细节。(课件第五课英译汉练习)44. 双方都有受伤的。(课件第二课英译汉练习)45. 把他添上，名单就拟好了。(课件第二课英译汉练习)46.这位客人受宠若惊，深为感动。(课件第三课主动与被动)47.去年这个地区遭受到六十年来最严重的旱灾。(课件第三课英译汉练习)48.几天以内全国武装起来了。(课件第三课主动与被动)49.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持(课件第三课翻译技巧)50.她不上镜（相）。(课件第三课英译汉练习)Network Education

31、College, BLCU英汉/汉英翻译模拟试卷二注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。I. Multiple Choice Questions（2 points for each, altogether 60 points）Directions: This part consists of thirty sentences, each followed by four d

32、ifferent versions marked A, B, C, and D. Make the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. A 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙跟随着尼罗河一直到苏丹。B 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙很好地跟随着尼罗河，然后进入苏丹。C 尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。D 从尼罗河到苏丹，有许多古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。 2

33、. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. A 愤怒和痛苦接连几个星期折磨着我，一种深深的无力战胜了这种激烈的斗争。B 几个星期以来，我又气又恨，感到非常痛苦，这种感情上的激烈斗争过去之后，我感到浑身无力。C 愤怒和辛酸折磨着我，已经有好几个星期了，经过激烈的挣扎，我感到浑身无力。D 我又气又痛苦，接连几个星期都这样。这种激烈的挣扎把我折磨得一点力气都没有。3. It was an old wo

34、man, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.A 这是一个老妇女，虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然个子高挑，身材匀称，当他停下转身时，目光落在她身上。B 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女，她虽然受时间的煎熬显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样。C 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是一个虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样的年迈的妇女。D 这是一个个子高挑，身材匀称的老妇女，但受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，当他停下转身

35、时，他看到了她。4. I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. A 我记得儿时的名字、小草和秘密的小花。B 我记得在我儿时，我的名字是以小草和隐藏的小花命名的。C 我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽的小花取的名字。D 我记得童年时给各种小草起的名字和一些隐蔽的小花。5. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.A 我从未听说过美国音乐在国外比国内要演奏得好。B 我在国外时，从未听到美国音乐比现在还要演奏得好。C 我从未听到过美国音

36、乐在国外演奏得比这更好的。D 我在国外从未听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。6. 他在中国旅游过的地方，除了泰山以外，都是我没有到过的！A In China, he has been to many places which I have never visited, with the exception of Mount Tai. B He had gone to many places in China, which I had never been to except Mount Tai.C The many places he has been to in China are what I

37、 havent been to apart from Mount Tai. D I have been to Mount Tai. But I havent been to many places which he has been to in China.7. 回家的感觉真好，可以吃到妈妈亲手做的家乡菜。A I feel good to be at home. I can eat the hometown dishes my mom makes. B I feel so nice back home that I could eat the home dishes made by my mo

38、m. C It feels great to be home. I can enjoy the local dishes my mom makes. D The feeling of going back home was really great. I can enjoy the taste of my hometown dishes cooked by mother. 8. 中国从美国的进口额，1978年为9亿美元，到1982年增加到近30亿美元。A Chinas imports from America were $900 million in 1978 and then it rose

39、 by $ 3 billion in 1982. B Americas imports from China jumped from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982.C Chinas imports from America amounted from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982.D Chinas imports from the US rose from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982.9. 中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资

40、源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。A China has a population of more than 1.2 billion, and its land natural resources per capita are lower than the worlds average. B Chinas population is 1.2 billion and the natural resources on the land per head are lower than the worlds average level. C The 1.2 billion people in China

41、have lower land natural resources than in the world each. D The land natural resources 1.2 billion Chinese have are less than the world has. 10. 最近天气暖和了，有不少人想趁周末出去走走。A It is getting warm these days. Many people want to go out for a walk on the weekend.B It has been getting warmer these days. Many pe

42、ople like to take a short trip on the weekend.C Recently the weather is becoming warm. Quite a few people want to go out to walk during the weekend.D As the climate is becoming warmer and warmer, some people want to have a walk in the weekend. 11. 对初学者来说，翻译的标准是_A忠实B文雅C传神D忠实和通顺12_不喜欢重复，如果在一句话里或相连的几句话

43、里需要重复某个词语，则用_来代替，或以其他手段来避免重复。A 汉语，名词 B 英语， 副词 C 英语，代词 D 汉语，代词13. 在“翻译三论”一文中提出“雅”应当作为“得体”来理解的是_A 钱钟书 B 周煦良 C 傅雷 D 王佐良14. 费道罗夫在翻译理论概要中提出了_。A 确切翻译的原则 B 自由翻译的原则 C 逐字翻译的原则 D神似翻译原则 15.“Chinglish is the most important and difficult problem in translation” is expressed by_ A George Steiner B Sol Adler C Eug

44、ene A. Nida D Charles R. Taber 16. His air of complete self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake. A 他那十分自信的神气和略为高傲的派头本来会使我害怕，但他和我握手时十分热情和真挚，所以我就不害怕了。B 如果不是因为他那热情真挚的握手，他那十分自信的神气和略为高傲的派头将会使我害怕。C 他和我握手时是那么热情，那么真挚，要不然他那十分自信的神气和

45、略为高傲的派头真会使我害怕呢。D 他那十分自信的神气和略为高傲的派头对我来说根本就没什么，因为他和我握手时是那么热情和真挚。17. At the hotel I always finished the meal with ice cream and the girls there would laugh because I liked it so much. A 在饭店里，我总是以冰激凌来完成我的用餐，那里的女孩笑我，因为我如此喜欢它。B 在饭店里，我总是以冰激凌来结束我的一顿饭，那里的女服务员总是笑我，因为我那么喜欢吃冰激凌。C 我在饭店吃饭，最后总要吃冰激凌。我吃得津津有味，惹得那些女服务

46、员发笑。D 在饭店吃饭，我最后总是要吃冰激凌。那里的女孩总是要笑我，因为我吃得很香。18. Then there is the fire season. That takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.A 接下来就进入了易着火的季节，大雨过后幸存的财物就落到它的手里。B 接下来就进入了易着火的季节，在大雨中勉强剩下的财物在它的照顾中。C 接下来就进入了易着火的季节，在大雨中幸存的财物安全地度过了这个季节。D 接下来就进入了易着火的季节，如果要想在大雨中幸免，就必须度过它。19. The delta and t

47、he narrow Nile Valley to the south make up only 3 percent of Egypts land but are home to 96 percent of her population. A 三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。B 三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷组成埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。C 三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却是百分之九十六的人口的家。D 三角洲和到南部狭窄的尼罗河河谷共占埃及土地的百分之三，却为百分之九十六的人口提供住所。20. Pe

48、rfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. A 香味有可能是一些花的油产生的。B 香味有可能是一些花的油制造的。C 香水是可以被有些花产生的油来制造的。D 有些花产生的油可以用来制造香水。21. 在旧社会，我们评剧演员常常挣钱不够吃饭。A In the old society, we pingju players often have not enough money to have our meals. B In the old society, we pingju players seldom made enough to li

49、ve on. C In the old society, we pingju players seldom earn enough money to eat well. D In the old society, we pingju players often can not afford our meals. 22. 必须对党员特别是领导干部严格要求，严格管理，严格监督。A We must strictly require, strictly manage and strictly supervise Party members, especially leading cadres.B We

50、 must strictly require, manage and supervise Party members, especially leading cadres.C Strictly require, manage and supervise Party members, especially to leading cadres. D We should be strict with Party members, leading cadres in particular, and strictly manage and supervise them.23. 正副总经理由合营各方分别担

51、任。A The offices of general manager and vice-general manager(s) shall be assumed by the respective parties to the venture.B The general manager and vice-general manager(s) are assumed by the parties to the venture respectively. C General and vice-general manager(s) shall be held by the respective par

52、ties of the venture.D The general and vice-general manager(s) are held by either of the two parties of the venture. 24. 五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下，是在俄国革命号召之下，是在列宁号召之下发生的。A The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, at the call of the Russian Revolution and at the call of Lenin.B

53、 The May 4th Movement happened at the call of the world revolution, at the call of the Russian Revolution and at the call of Lenin.C The May 4th Movement happened under the call of the world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin.D The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the

54、world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin. 25. 自1978年经济改革以来，中国经济以年均近10%的速度增长，使其国民生产总值几乎翻了两番。A Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen Chinas GNP nearly double.B Since economic reform began in 1978, an average growth rate of almost 10% a year has seen Chinas GNP nearly quadruple. C Since economic reform in 1978, Chinas economy grows at a rate of almost 10% a year and makes GDP nearly double. D Since economic reform in 1978,