基础化学常用英语词汇1TheIdeal

1、根底化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. H

2、eat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反响热13. Hess sLaw 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反响速率16. Reaction Order 反响级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反响机理

3、21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反响方向26. Le Chatelier Principle 列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29.

4、Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proto

5、n-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反响39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. So

6、lubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与别离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化复原反响52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化复原反响方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反响55. Galvani

7、 Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和复原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr sModel of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbe

8、rs 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s( p，d，f )轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行质量数75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers,

9、and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Ov

10、erlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity M

11、olecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶竭力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112.

12、Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136

13、.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.Isomerism 异构现象Structural Isomerism 结构异构Stereoisomerism 立体异构Magnetism 磁性Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物General Characteristics 共性s-Block Elements s 区元素Alkali Metals 碱金属Alkali

14、ne Earth Metals 碱土金属Hydrides 氢化物Oxides 氧化物Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides 氢氧化物Salts 盐p-Block Elements p 区元素Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼，铝，镓，铟，铊)Borane 硼烷Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳，硅，锗，锡，铅)Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon

15、 Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备Silicic Acid ， Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷，砷，锑，铋)Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤

16、化磷Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧，硫，硒，碲)Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢Sulfides 硫化物Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟，氯，溴，碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d 区元素152. Transitio

17、n Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f 区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitativ

18、e analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常

19、量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.2

20、00.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.normal distribution 正态分布titergeneral equation for a chemical reaction proton theory of acid-base acid-base titration dissociation constantaccuracy 准确度 deviation precisionrelative standard d

21、eviation coefficient variation confidence level confidence interval significant test significant figure standard solution titration stoichiometric point end point titration error primary standard amount of substance standardization chemical reaction concentration chemical equilibrium conjugate acid-

22、base pair acetic acid hydronium ion electrolyte ion-product constant of water ionization proton condition zero level buffer solution methyl orange acid-base indicator phenolphthalein coordination compound center ion cumulative stability constant alpha coefficient overall stability constant ligand偏差

23、精密度 相对标准偏差 RSD 变异系数 CV 置信水平置信区间 显著性检验 有效数字 标准溶液 滴定 化学计量点 滴定终点 滴定误差 基准物质 物质的量 标定 化学反响 浓度 化学平衡 滴定度 化学反响的通式 酸碱质子理论 酸碱滴定法 解离常数 共轭酸碱对 乙酸 水合氢离子 电解质 水的离子积 电离 质子平衡 零水准 缓冲溶液 甲基橙 酸碱指示剂 酚酞 配位化合物 中心离子 累积稳定常数 酸效应系数 总稳定常数 配位体228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.246.247.248.249.2

24、50.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.264.265.266.267.268.269.270.271.ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid side reaction coefficient coordination atom coordination numberlone pair electron chelate compound metal indicator chelating agent masking demasking electron catalysis oxidation ca

25、talyst reduction catalytic reaction reaction rate electrode potential activation energy redox couple potassium permanganate iodimetry potassium dichromate cerimetry redox indicator oxygen consuming乙二胺四乙酸 副反响系数 配位原子 配位数 孤对电子 螯合物 金属指示剂 螯合剂 掩蔽 解蔽 电子 催化 氧化 催化剂 复原 催化反响 反响速率 电极电势 反响的活化能 氧化复原电对 高锰酸钾 碘量法 重铬

26、酸钾 铈量法 氧化复原指示 耗氧量 OCchemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量 (COD) dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 (DO) precipitation沉淀反响argentimetry银量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡aging postprecipitation coprecipitation ignition fitration decantation chemical factor spectrophotometry colorimetry transmittance absorptivity c

27、alibration curve standard curve陈化继沉淀 共沉淀 灼烧 过滤倾泻法化学因数分光光度法 比色分析 透光率 吸光率 校正曲线 标准曲线光源273. source274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell276. detector吸收池检测系统277. bathochromic shift红移278. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂

28、283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. -dicarbontl compound 二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反响289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反响290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. t

29、automerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反响历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转 n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反响299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306.

30、 conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应 t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule

31、 次序规那么318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规那么320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反响323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反响325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法 e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. ar

32、omatic character 芳香性 r329. Claisen condensation reaction 克莱森酯缩合反响330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯 - 阿尔得反响332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森复原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反响334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反响336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反响337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团 p339. c