如何做好高中英语阅读理解

1、如何做好高中阅读理解1知识梳理一、阅读最根本的要素词汇词汇是一点点积累起来的， 从现在开始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情况去定量背单词， 也可以每天保持一小段时间的泛读，是活泼英文思维、积累词汇的最好方式之一，这个时间可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去执着于读了多久或读懂多少，只要明确一点，即读 了就比没读好。二、阅读最重要的原那么一一顺序“顺序原那么，即出题的顺序和行文顺序根本一致。 阅读理解的题型无外乎三四大题型： 细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、 词义猜想题，但不管哪种题型出题的顺序一般都遵 循“顺序原那么。1细节理解题1直接细节题：此类题是对原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可

2、答题。2 间接细节题：此类题往往不能直接找到答案，需要对信息进行加工处理，简单归纳、概括才能答题。3是非判断题：此类题型有两种形式：三对一错或三错一对。一般情况下此类题中出现all, never, only等完全肯或完全否认的词时，及排除。4排列顺序题：此类题一般在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后让考生进行排序，做这类型题根据事情的发生的先后顺序或时间顺序以及句子间的逻辑关系。5图文匹配题：这类型的题比拟简单，因为它增加了试题的直观性，此类题分两种：一是依文选图；二是依图选文。6数字计算题：此类题会涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等计算。做这类型题，把文 中出现的数字全都做上标记，找出相关计算方式计

3、算即可得出答案。2推理判断题要求精读文章1细节推断题：通过文章的字面意思领悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含义。这类题 得精读文章，理解文章真正含义。2态度倾向题：这类题得通过理解文章根底上判断。3篇章结构题：这类题型要求考生必须对文章结构、作者的写作思路掌握。4写作方法题：要求必须知道一些写作方法的英文写法。比方举例子、下定义、比照 等。3主旨大意题1段落大意题和文章大意题：概括、归纳文章大意。此类题学生要学会一“找 “概括找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的 信息进行归纳概括。2写作意图题：在理解文章大意根底上判断作者写作意图。主要还是理解文章主旨大3标题归纳题：

4、选标题切记不能太大，即与主旨大意里的远，显得空洞。；不能太小，即标题只含有文章局部内容，不全面。4词义猜想题1代词猜想：此类题在词义猜想题中是属于简单题型，只要结合上下文理解代词所指代的对象是谁即可。2熟词语境义： 此类型题词语均是大纲词汇， 只是要结合上下文理解在语境中的意思。3超纲生词：此类题是词义猜想题中较难的，需要考生对文章理解的根底上猜想生词 的意义，要求考生词汇量要丰富。通过构词，语法，定义，同位，比照，因果， 常识，上下文等线索确定词义。三、读理解的解题核心 定位“定位 即每一道题我们在原文中都能找到它出现的位置。 但怎么准确的定位是我们学习的关键。 1先读问题，了解问了“什么

5、。2读问题，找出问题关键词。 3文中定位。 4根据定位句解题，如果定位句不够全面，就结合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，组成解题“黄金三角区进行解题。总结：正确选项一定要“定位到原文，有“对应 ，有“改写 ；而错误选项那么是“定位 错误、“无中生有 、“拼凑细节 、“偷换概念 、“扩大范围和“凭借常识 。1掌握高中英语阅读理解解题技巧;2、熟悉细节理解、推理判断、猜想词义、观点态度、主旨大意等阅读理解的基此题型。1Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, andt wait to try them on and use thesome

6、New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“ I ' d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to thebar and wan ted to see what was open, said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartph on e-like gl

7、asses will likely come out this year and cost betwee n $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly in clud ing a variati on of augme nted 增强的reality, a tech no logy already available on smartphones and tablets平板电脑that overlays information onto the screen about one ' s surroundings. So, for example,

8、if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“ Asfar as a main stream con sumer product, this just isn ' sbmethi ng an ybody n eeds, said Sam Biddle, who

9、writes for Gizmodo .“ WW re accustomed to having one thing in our pocketto do all th ese things, he added, “ and the average consumer isn' t gonna be able to afford anotherdevice装置that ' s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.9to5Google publisher Seth Wein traub, who has bee n report ing on the

10、smartph on e-like glasses since late last year, said he is con fide nt that this type of wearable device will even tually be as com mon as smartphones."It juss like smartphones 10 years ago, "Weintraub said. “Afew people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was c

11、razy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it' s unnatural, he said. “ There improveme nts to that, and this a step there.【文章大意】作者介绍了一种迷你型的眼镜的用途，以及不同的人对它的不同看法。I.One of the possible functions of the smartph on e-like glasses is toA. program the o

12、pe ning hours of a barB. supply you with a picture of the futureC. provide in formati on about your surro undingsD. update the maps and GPS in your smartph ones【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“.information onto the screen about one' ssurroundings.可知，这种迷你型的眼镜有地图和GPS装置，可以在屏幕上显示你周围环境的信息，故答案选C。A、D表述错误;B项没有提到。2.

13、 The underlined phrase“ pop up in the third paragraph probably means.“A. develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automatically【解析】选C。根据上句可知，这种眼镜的屏幕上会显示你周围环境的信息，因此当你逛街的时候,指示器会立刻为你指明最近的咖啡馆并绘制方向路线。3. According to Sam Biddle，the smartphone-like glasses are .A. n ecessary for t

14、ee nagersB. attractive to New YorkersC. available to people worldwideD. expe nsive for average con sumers【解析】选 D。推理判断题。根据 Sam Biddle 的话 “.beable to afford another device that ' s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.可知，他认'为这种眼镜对于普通消费者来说是昂贵的，故答案选D。4. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that

15、 the smartphone-like glasses .A. may have a pote ntial marketB. are as com mon as smartph onesC. are popular among young adultsD. will be improved by a new tech no logy【解析】选 A。段落大意题。最后两段是用Weintraub的观点来说明这种 将会有很大的市场。B、C项还没有实现；D项没有提及。You can ' always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.

16、 But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn ' th ink that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That' s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with -tsscwingainumbrella.The desig ner says he came up with the idea after watchi ng people get wet o

17、n streets in Russia.“ On cel was drivi ng on a cen tral Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighti ng up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a can opy 伞篷built into a street lamp. he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted w

18、ith an umbrella canopy. It has a built-i n electric motor which can ope n or close the umbrella on dema nd. Sen sors传感器the n ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass stre

19、et lampwhich detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible l

20、ightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer eno ugh shelter for several people. Being in stalled安装at 2metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to

21、one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文 , 主要介绍了设计师 Belyaev 的一项创造 Lampbrella 及 它的工作原理、平安性、应用前景等方面的知识。1. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A. To predict a

22、heavy rain.B. To check the weather forecast.C. To protect people from the rain.D. To remind people to take an umbrella.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句.Belyaev doesn ' t think that forgettingto check the weather forecast.That' s why he createMa他创造elllaampbrella 的目的是为了防止人们被雨淋 , 所以选 C。2. What do we k

23、now from Belyaev' s words in Paragraph 2?A. His creation was inspired by an experience.B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知他的这种想法是在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中 心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。所以选 A 。3. Which of the

24、following shows how the Lampbrella works?A. motor 宀 canopy 宀 sensorsB. sensors motorcanopyC. motor t sensorscanopyD. canopy t motor t sensors【解析】选 B 。推理判断题。根据第三段 , 这种 Lampbrella 是一个被配备了伞篷 canopy 的路灯杆,它有一个内置的电动机electric motor和几个传感器sensors,可以在下雨时给行人 提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨，然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。所以选 B。4. What does Pa

25、ragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speed. B. Its appeara nee.C. Its in stallati on. D. Its safety.【解析】选 D。主旨大意题。根据本段中的 .the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, .it would be groun ded to protect from possible light ning strike.及 Being in stalled at 2 metres off t

26、he ground.可知，本段主要在强调 Lampbrella的平安性，所以选 D。5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The desig ner will ope n a compa ny to promote his product.B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate product ion.C. The desig ner is con fide nt that his creati on is practical.D. The Lampbrella would be

27、 put on show in Moscow.【解析】选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ in sists his creato n could be in stalled on anystreet where.可知他认为自己的产品是很实用的。而A、D两项没提，B项错在immediate,所以选CoFear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, accord ing to a study that has found a link betwee n the cycles of a beati ng heart and the ch

28、a nee of some one feeli ng fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the mome nt whe n their hearts are con tract ing收缩and pump ing blood around their bodies, compared with the point whe n the heartbeat is relaxed. Scien tists say the results sugges

29、t that the heart is able to in flue nee how the brain resp onds to a fearful event, depe nding on which point it is at in its regular cycle of con tract ion and relaxati on.Sarah Garfin kel at the Bright on and Sussex Medical School sai d: “ Our study shows for the first time that the way in which w

30、e deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relatio n to our heart.The study tested 20 healthy volun teers on their react ions to fear as they were show n pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfi nkel said,“ The study showed that fearful faces are better no ticed whe nthe h

31、eart is pump ing tha n whe n it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don ' t see and guide whether we see fear.To further un dersta nd this relati on ship, the scie ntists also used a brain sca nner扫描仪to show how the brain in flue nces the way the heart cha nges a

32、pers on' s feeli ng of fear.We have found an importantmechanism by which the heart and brainspeak ' to each other tochange our feelings and reduce fear, Dr Garfinkel said.“ We hope that by in creas ing our un dersta nding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may

33、 be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be sufferi ng from serious stress disorder.1. What is the fin di ng of the study?A. One ' s heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of one' s relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something t

34、o do with one' s health.D. One ' s fast heartbeats are ey to cause fear.2. The study was carried out by an alyz ing.A. volun teers' heartbeats whe n they saw terrible picturesB. the time volun teers saw fearful pictures and their health con diti onsC. volun teers ' react ions to horr

35、ible pictures and data frouiT tirai n sca nsD. differe nt pictures show n to volun teers and their heart-brain com muni cati on3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to“ mechanism in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machi ne.D. Treatme nt.4. This study may con tribute to.A. treat ing an xi

36、ety and stress betterB. expla ining the cycle of fear and an xietyC. finding the key to the heart-brain com muni cati onD. un dersta nding differe nt fears in our hearts and headsKeys: 1-4. ACBABNot all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering

37、33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilizatio n. Un like real inland seas, which seem stra ngely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much writte n about

38、 by ancient poets.“ Storm at Sea , a short poem writte n around 700, is gen erally regarded as one of mankind earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot restTo the east must thun der onWhere the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oce

39、an s breasf.As the poem suggests, the Atla ntic is n ever dead and dull. It is an ocea n that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistli ng.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably o

40、ut in mid-ocea n, but where it meets Ian d, its waters bath ing up and dow n a sandy beach. It mimics( 模 仿)n early perfectly the steady breathi ng of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existe nces, too; uni magi nable qua ntities of creatures, little and large alike, mix with in its dept

41、hs in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has pers on alities: sometimes peaceful and pleasa nt, on rare occasi ons rough and wild; always it is strong and strik ing.1. Un like real inland seas, the Atla nt

42、ic Ocea n is.A. always en ergeticB. lack ing in liveli nessC. shaped like a squareD. favored by ancient poets2. What is the purpose of using the poem“ Storm at Sea in the passage?A. To describe the moveme nt of the waves.B. To show the stre ngth of the storm.C. To represe nt the power of the ocea n.

43、D. To prove the vast ness of the sea.3. What does the underlined word“ symbiotic mean?A. Livi ng together.B. Grow ing fast.C. Movi ng harm onio usly.D. Breathi ng peacefully.4.ln the last paragraph, the Atla ntic is compared to.A. a beautiful and poetic placeB. a flesh and blood pers onC. a won derf

44、ul worldKeys: 1-4. ACABD. a lovely an imal (1)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology an

45、d Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germa ns betwee n ages 18 and 96.The surveys were con ducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents受访者were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,am ong other questi ons.The research

46、ers found that young adults age 18 to 39 rout in ely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults age 40 to 64 more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfact ion

47、. Not only did they feel more satisfied tha n they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio比率of disability and death for the study period.“ We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than act ually observed was associated with a greater risk of

48、 disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade, wrote Frieder R.Lang, a professor at the University of EriangeJuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions tha n people who expected a rosy f

49、uture.“ Seeinga dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may con tribute to tak ing improved precauti ons 预防措施, the authors wroteSurpris in gly, compared with those in poor health or who had low in comes, resp ondents who enjoyed good health or in come were associated wi

50、th expect ing a greater decli ne. Also, the researchers said that higher in come was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study no ted that there were limitati ons to their con clusi ons. Ill ness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.Howev

51、er, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “ Wefound that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic, the authors concluded.1. Accord ing to the study, who made the most accurate predicti on of their

52、future life satisfact ion?A. Optimistic adults.B. Middle-aged adults.C. Adults in poor health.D. Adults of lower in come.2. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people.A. to fully enjoy their prese nt lifeB. to estimate their contribution accuratelyC. to take measures aga inst pot

53、e ntial risksD. to value health more highly than wealth3. How do people of higher in come see their future?A. They will earn less mon ey.B. They will become pessimistic.C. They will suffer men tal ill ness.D. They will have less time to enjoy life.4. What is the clear con clusi on of the study?A. Pe

54、ssimism guara ntees cha nces of survival.B. Good finan cial con diti on leads to good health.C. Medical treatme nt determ ines health outcomes.D. Expectatio ns of future life satisfacti on decli ne with age.Keys: 1 4. BCADWhen intern ati onal aid is give n, steps must be take n to en sure( 确保)that t

55、he aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a n atio n to give help directly to people in ano ther n ati on. The Un ited Nati ons Orga ni zati on (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the

56、 problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to g

57、ive other forms of help duri ng no rmal times. A com mon proverb says,Give me afish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could sh

58、are its tech no logy with ano ther. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or eve n in buildi ng satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed n ati ons. Sometime what is take n for gra nted, like the setti ng up of a water purificati on pla nt or the adm ini strati on of a sc