八年级上册语法专题

1、八年级上册语法专题之形容词副词的比较级与最高级形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。 一、形容词的原级及用法形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1. 可以修饰原级的词: very、quite、 enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) asas (“(不)像一样”,同级比较) not soas (“不像一样”,同级比较)二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则以字母e结尾的词只加r或st重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest wet wetter wette

2、st thin thinner thinnest redredder reddest fat fatter fattest sad sadder saddest以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest heavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiest 多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或mos

3、t interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun不规则变化 old older oldest (年龄大的,与than连用) old elder eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用) far farther farthest (距离远)far further furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)口诀：合二为一共三对, “坏、病”、“两多”并“两好”； 一分为二有两个，一是“远来”、二是“老”； 还有一词含双义，只记“少”来不记“小”。副词比较级

4、和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更”2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (得多) a little = a bit (一点点) even (甚至) far (远远) any (丝毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志: than or4.形容词比较级句式:A + be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B. (A比B)Which/Who +be +形容词比较级, A or B? (哪个/谁更, A 还是B？)5.副词比较级句式:A实义动词副词的比较级than B. (A得比B)Which/Who +实义动词三单, A or B

5、? (哪个/谁得更, A还是B？)6.比较级特殊用法:the +比较级+of the two “两者中较的” 他是两个男孩中较高的。Hes the taller of the two boys.“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” “越来越” 他越来越高。 Hes taller and taller.The+比较级, the+比较级 “越, 越” 你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. not +比较级+than “不如, 不比” no +比较级+than “一样都不” You are

6、 not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。比较级+than any other +sig.+in+同一范围 “比同一范围中其他任何一个更” 比较级+than any +sig.+in+非同一范围 “比非同一范围中任何一个更”Shes nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。 (主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较) Shes nicer than any girl in her sisters class. 她

7、比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。 (主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最”2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。3.最高级标志:in of or4.句式:the + 最高级 +(n.) + in +比较范围 我是我们班最聪明的。Im the cleverest in our class.the + 最高级 +(n.) + of +同类事物 这本书是所有书中最有趣的。The book is the most int

8、eresting of all the books. Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ?比较级的基本用法及常用句型结构（1） 含义：两个人或事物之间的比较（2） 标志词：than （比 ） 可以修饰比较级的副词：much （得多） a little (一点儿)a lot （得多） a bit (一点儿)far （得多） even (甚至)still ( 仍然 ) rather (更)eg: Lesson

9、0;One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks a little younger than before.汤姆比以前年轻一点。 She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 比较级常用的句型结构 考点1. “A+比较级+than+B”表示: “A比B” eg: Tom 

10、;is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 I get up earlier than my mother every morning.我每天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。 考点2. “A+比较级+than+ any other+单数名词”，表示：“A比其他任何一个都”， （含义是: 同一范围内比较，甲最”。 ） eg:The Yangtze River is longer than any othe

11、r river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。v 【注意：加other (其它的)，其功用为避免和本身做比较。The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。】 考点3.“比较级+and+比较级” , 表示:“越来越

12、”。 eg: He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。 The story became more and more interesting. 这故事变得越来越有趣了。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。 【注：多音节形容词或副词表示“越来越”用：more and more +adj/adv 原级】 考点4.“the+比较级，th

13、e+比较级”, 表示 :“越，越”。 eg: The more, the better. 越多越好。The more we get, the happier we'll be. 我们得到越多就越快乐。 考点5.“特殊疑问词+ 比较级，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？ 谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？ 考点6.”of + the +比较

14、范围， + the +比较级” eg: Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one.在两个澳大利亚人当中，玛莎比较高。最高级的基本用法及常用句型结构 （1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较。 in + 短语 （ 在之中）（2） 标志词： of + 短语 （ 在当中）考点. 主语 +the+最高级+in/of短语” 表示: “是中最的”。 eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students

15、.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。 This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。 I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。【注：形容词的最高级前通常加定冠词the, 副词的最高级前定冠词the 通常可以省略】考点 “主语+be +one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示：“是中最之一”。 eg:Beijing is one&#

16、160;of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。 考点. “特殊疑问词+the+最高级 +甲，乙，or丙？” 用于三者及以上的比较。 eg: Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？ 哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summe

17、r or autumn？ 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？【注意：两者之间用比较级；三者 (或以上)用最高级】形容词、副词的原级比较（1）用法：两者就同一事物进行比较。 肯定句：as+形容词原形+as 表示：与.一样（2）句型结构 否定句：not so/as+形容词原形as 表示：.不如.eg: She is as tall as her sister. （她和她姐姐一样高。） He runs not so/as fast as his classmates. （他跑得不如他的同学们快。）一、单项选择1.I feel tired, so I want to go t

18、o bed _ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later2.The food of our country is _ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better than C.more better than D.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest4.Who is _ running star in you

19、r school?A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous5.Which season do you like _? Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best6.Lucys pen is _ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little7.Is your brother as outgoing as you? No, hes a quiet boy. He is _. A.less outgoing than me B.not so

20、 calm as I C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I8.How are you today? Much _. A.good B.well C.better D.the best9.Toms card is newer than _. A.our B.her C.my D.his10._ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harde

21、r _ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.Im too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other coun

22、try in the world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Whos the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.You have _(short) and _(curly) hair than Susan.13.Is this street a lot _(noisy)

23、 than that one?14.I feel much _(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _ and _ _(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesnt write as _(good) as I do.17.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.18.No other animal is _(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less _(difficult) than English. 20.What a

24、_(funny) boy!21.Youre _(bad) at sports than me.22.Its the third _ (long) river in China形容词、副词（原级、比较级和最高级）练习A 部分I 用适当形式填空：1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat)

25、than before the holidays, 4.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She' s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? She' s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths

26、. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _

27、(small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother' s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I' m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I dont think so.15.Annie plays

28、the piano very _ (well). Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think its too expensive. Id like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not a

29、s _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear an

30、d it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. II改错：1. He is as taller as I am.2. She is a little thiner than she looks. 3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the class.4.The girls study the better than the boy. 5. It is one of the most interesting book than I have ever read. 6. He says Mary is m

31、ost friendliest person in the class.7. Which city is most beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?8. Jack works hard. Mike works very harder than Jack.9. London is the bigger city in Britain.10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob. 五、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Your classroom is  _   (wide) an