Unit4Pygmalion知识讲解话题语言应用

1、话题语言应用文学作品和戏剧 编稿：牛新阁 审稿：王春霞 语言积累 交际用语 1推测、猜测I wonder whether. 我想是否 I think it 's because. 我想是因为 Is it possible that.? 是可能吗？Do you know if.? 你知道是否 Perhaps / Maybe， but. 也许，但是 Do you really think that 's true? 你真的认为那是真的吗？2情感Why do you think Higgins felt like that? 你认为希金斯为什么想要那个 /做那件事？How did y

2、ou feel about your first lesson? 你感觉你的第一节课怎么样？What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你认为什么会让伊莱扎高兴些？Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by. 皮尔斯夫人会通过 来宽慰 /鼓励她。surprised 惊奇的 confused 糊涂的worried 担心的 upset 心烦的disappointed 失望的 amazed 吃惊的sobbing 抽泣 weeping 哭泣 , 流泪 laughing 大笑 hesitating 犹豫kindly

3、 温和地 , 亲切地 rudely 粗鲁地 gratefully 感激地gently 温和地，慈祥地 happily 高兴地 heartily 尽情地，坚定地hopefully 怀有希望地 uncomfortably 不自在地 proudly 自豪地，傲慢地3判断与评价You've made such progress and. 你已经取得了这么大的进步，而且 The problem was that. 问题是 You were very good with . 你很擅长 （be good with sth. 在 有技巧 /娴熟 ）Remember （never） to . 记住（不）

4、要 All in all ， you did very well. 总的来说，你做的很好 I think you just need more practice. 我想你只是需要更多的练习。话题语句（ 1）Pygmalion 皮格马利翁Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn 't help loving it and wanted it to be his

5、wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite to ask her to bring the statue to life . As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after.The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights . Based

6、 on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a famous play Pygmalion .要点提示：grant批准era时代，历史时期（Victorian era维多利亚时代）playwright剧作家classical古典的myth神话George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw （1856-1950）, Irish dramatist, literary critic , a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century the

7、atre. Shaw was a freethinker , defender of women ' rights, and advocate of equality of in come. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.要点提示：Irish爱尔兰的dramatist剧作家literary critic 文学评论家spokesman发言人thea

8、ter戏剧界advocate 提倡humorous富有幽默感的My Fair Lady窈窕淑女It is an adaptation of the play PygmalionIt is a musical made in 1956.It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars.要点提示：adaptation改写本，改编，适应musical音乐的，音乐喜剧The same theme 同一主题Theme of the Greek story （希腊故事的主题）:Pygmalion, an art

9、ist , creates astatue from stone and makes it have a new life.Theme of the play by Shaw （萧伯纳戏剧的主题 ）:Higgins, a phonetics , creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teach ing her En glish.Descripti on of each character人物描写1. anxious （焦虑的）,emotional （易动感情的）,ambitious （有抱负的）,

10、enthusiastic （热情的）2. impatient （急躁的）,rude （粗鲁的）,proud （傲慢的）,superior （有优越感的）,self-important （妄 自尊大的）3. kind （仁慈的）,polite （有教养的）,generous （慷慨的）,eager （热切的）,confident （有信心的）, optimistic （乐观的）【高清课堂：Pygnalion语言应用】话题语句（2）Pygmali on effectThe term Pygmali on effect refers broadly to the effects of in terp

11、ersonal expectati ons, that is, the finding that what one pers on expects of ano ther can come to serve as a self-fulfilli ng prophecy.Our actions(towards Gibers) 、f Pygmalion、EffectOur beliefs =«亠亠. Others'beliefs(abovl cur&elves)CTTeCtetxxit u»)Others actions(towwds U5j要点提示:broad

12、ly概括地self-fulfilling自我实现的，本身自然会实现的impact冲击（力），影响Pygmalion effect皮格马利翁效应 interpersonal人与人之间的 prophecy 预言 reinforce 增强Pygmalio n effect in the classroomIn 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, con ducted an experime nt in a public eleme ntary s

13、chool, telli ng teachers that certa in children could be expected to be genius, ” “based on the studentsesults o' the Harvard Test of In fleeted Acquisition. In fact, the test was no nexistent and those childre n desig nated as “ genius were chose n at ran dom. What Rose nthal and Jacobs on hope

14、d to determine by this experime nt was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achieveme nt.要点提示：psychology 心理学genius 天才nonexistent 不存在的desig nate指定at random任意地，随便地Harvard Test of In flected Acquisitio n 哈佛习得变化测验The scie nee beh ind the Pygmali on effec

15、tThe reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. When ever we talk about a self-fulfill ing prophecy, for example whe n I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this into my subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better whe n w

16、e repeat this, so every time I say it, this impri nt becomes stron ger.An in teresti ng interaction happe ns with the conscious m ind and the subc on scious mind. The con scious mind is heavily influe need by the subc on scious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This in teract ion means that wha

17、tever we have impri nted in our subc on scious mind, will be pickedup consciously and executed (执行).要点提示：subc on scious 下意识的，潜意识的impri nt铭记，印记in teract ion 相互作用have/be to do with 与有关Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantageActually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simpl

18、e. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra （ 颂歌,咒语）.A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful effect whe n repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalio n effect: repeat someth ing, so it becomes impri nted in your subc on scious mind. So the on

19、ly thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This does n 'have to be done out loud, you can do this sile ntly too. The key factor is repeat ing, so your subc on scious will pick up the idea and make it grow stron ger and stron ger.要点提示：to sb.'sadvantage对有利originate fr

20、om 来自Hinduism 印度教as such同样地key factor关键因素A word of cauti onThe nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever no ticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck . always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive th

21、inking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeati ng those will also impri nt them in your subc on scious! 话题语句（3）有用的句子-试试你会了吗？1. 一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位an expert in phonetics,that the of a person ' s Engliskdels（tiis / her2. 贫苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活a poor flower girl who is3. 陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。希

22、金斯还给上校安排了一项工作an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who4. 附近一个穿着深色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。Nearby a flower girl weari ngand ais alsothe rain.5. 你把我当成什么人了？What do you?6. 我还以为你可能是一个便衣警察呢。I thought maybe you were a policema n.7. 一般来说，人们对于他们认为地位比他们高的人要更礼貌一些，而对于他们认为地位低 一些的人，他们的礼貌就差一些。, people

23、 areto those who they thi nk areandto those they con sider are members of a lower class.8. 亨利希金斯和皮克林上校坐着专心地谈话。Henry Higgi ns and Colonel Pickeri ng are sitt ing.9. 我本来很欣赏自己，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来，而你却发出了130个元音，你赢了我。Imyself because I cantwen ty-fourvowel soun ds; but your onehun dred and thirty beat me.10. 我

24、会为这个小赌当裁判，而且课时费也由我来付I' be thefor this little bet andtoo.参考答案：1. convinced; quality; position in society （convince sb. of sth./ to do sth.使某人确信 ）2. ambitious to improve herself （ ambitious 有抱负的）3. sets him a task4. dark garme nts; woole n scarf; shelteri ng from （shelter from 躲避）5. take me for （t

25、ake for 误以为）6. in disguise （伪装的，假扮的）7. Gen erally speak ing; more polite; of a higher social class （of 属于）;less polite8. deep in conversation （专心谈话）9. rather fan cied; pronounce; dist in ct （rather 相当，颇；fancy on eself 自负，自命不凡；fancy 自 负，想象，设想，想要）10. referee; pay for the less ons写作运用 英语戏剧戏剧同小说一样有情节（pl

26、ot ）、人物（character）背景（setting ）、主题（theme）和风 格（style）。戏剧一般分为幕（acts）和场（seenes）°场是幕中的部分，有的只分幕，不分 场。1. 剧本三要素：舞台说明、戏剧冲突、人物台词。舞台说明：帮助导演和演员掌握剧情，为演出提供相关说明。戏剧冲突：剧中必须有一个矛盾冲突（问题）供人物去解决，剧中所有的事件都与该 矛盾冲突有关。人物台词：即剧中人物的语言，是性格化的，有动作性，因为人物的语言与人物的行 动联系在一起的。同时，人物的语言和动作要合乎各自的身份和特征。台词的表现形式有： 对话、独白、旁白、内白（在后台说话）、潜台词等。2

27、. 时态：多用现在时。3. 舞台说明用斜体，置于括号中，常用省略句、动词-ing形式等。另外，本单元的话题写作还可以拓展为书评、戏剧评论或有关皮格马利翁效应的内容 的书面表达。话题写作范文Example 1假如下面是Eliza的第一节课要结束时的场景，据此推测并编写她与Mrs Pearce （女仆）的对话。H = Higgi nsCP = Colonel Pickeri ng E = ElizaE: The rai-ai n in Spai-ain falls mai-a in ly on the pla in.CP: Miss Doolittle, that 'so much bet

28、ter.H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself . Keep your ton gue well forwardin stead of tryi ng toswallow it.E: (beg inning to cry) Oah! Oah!H : (an grily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this less on. Think about it and practise by yourself. Away with you!(Eliza is still sobbing , rushes

29、 from the room)CP: Now Henry, couldn ' you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?参考范文:MP = Mrs Pearce E = ElizaMP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first less on go?E: (very upset) Oh Mrs Pearce. I t was terrible.MP: Why do you thi nk like that? What happe ned?E: I

30、s it possible that I 'm bad at everything? First it was my appearanee and my clothes. Now it ' my pronun ciati on. Why they even made me say my ABC!MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. I'm sure they were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that

31、 right. He says that is the start of good speak ing.E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think that ' true? Perhaps hedidn 'tmean to unkind then!MP: Well, I know he 'snot quite a gen tlema n whe n it comes to a lady ' feeli ngs. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet

32、with Colonel Pickeri ng.E: Really! So he doesn 'just do it because he doesn'tlike me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.Example 2假如下表是Higgins教授给Eliza上的第一节课的小结笔记，根据笔记来推测第二节课 的情况，写一场小剧。What Eliza got rightWhat still n eeds to be improvedPronun ciati onShe got the phrases

33、and sentences correct after repeating them twice: Do you think I don 'tknow anything? ” a cup of tea ” The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain ”.Her ai" in The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain ” and her alphabet.Evaluati onShe learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very f

34、ast.参考范文：Act Two, Scene 3H = Higgi ns E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickeri ng(Professor Higgi ns is wait ing for Eliza to come to their sec ond less on. He looks up and smiles as she en ters the room.)H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our sec ond less on?E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es.H: Well done, Eliza, th

35、at sounds better already. Don 'you think so, Pickering?CP: Yes, i ndeed.H: Well. Let 'try our sentences again, shall we? Let' see. There was a cup of tea”.E: A cu-up of te-ea.CP: Excellent , my dear. And first time too.H: Yes indeed. Now let 'stry “I don't know anything ”.E: I do

36、n 't know-ow any-thing.H: Amazing progress . Don 'tyou think so, Pickering? She 's really listening. Now, let 's do the last sentence “The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain. ”E: The rain in Spain star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.H: Almost perfect . Just a little more work, Eli

37、za. “Stai-ays”and Plai-ain ”. Again please.E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.CP: Wonderful. She 'll soon be perfect.H: Excellent, Eliza. We 'll soon make a lady of you. Now off you go for a good lunch. Well done!拓展写作范文Example 1皮格马利翁 是萧伯纳根据一个希腊神话改写的同名剧本， 学完此剧后， 你认为此剧 如何？请为此

38、剧写一篇短评。点拨：1. 这是一篇戏剧评论，首先要写明戏剧的题目及作者，并对故事及人物、背景等作简 单介绍；2. 写出你喜欢此剧的理由；3. 对特殊情节或人物作简述。4. 综合评价此剧。参考范文：Review of Pygmalion by Bernard ShawI enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it bothamusing and interesting.Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play

39、, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.The play is set in the early 20 th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when