【高考指导】读后续写的解题方法及备考建议

1、i读后续写的解题方法及备考建议2017年6月浙江省高考英语继续采用读后续写这一写作形式，难度适 中，利于考生发挥想象力，试题总体设置非常好。根据要求，考生应根据 材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其 发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。考生该如何 完成读后续写并获得高分？笔者认为，应从以下几个角度入手。一、解题思路1.通读全文，读懂原文通读全文首先要解决好五个W和一个H的问题，即理清人物who、地点where、时间when、事件what、原因why及怎样发展how。vhd人物（角色）MacPaul and Beckvtwo cvclistswo

2、lf时间aficrnoonwhere地点home 1c Alaskawlul邹件A uolfMJCwhy原IShuw瓷么因此，文章大意就是，Mac与好友一起骑行去阿拉斯加，路上同伴因修自行车落后，Mac独自一人前行，遇到狼的突袭，好一番搏斗，幸亏此 时Paul和2Becky两人开车经过，出手相救。如何发展（how）？这要看考 生的想象力如何。在通读全文时，考生应将影响语义理解的词句进行仔细揣摩，结合上 下文推测出它的准确含义。比如，A bright red cloud enveloped the animal， 该句中的enveloped可以结合上下文，猜出它的含义大致为surround sb

3、. orsth. completely。2.构思情节，谋篇布局 按照原文中事件发生的逻辑性，构思好情节发展，这个发展须符合情 节内在的逻辑。因为这不是写科幻小说，不是写神话，因此应该符合现实 发生的真实性。所以这个环节的主要任务是谋篇布局。布局谋篇最关键应利用好两方面的信息：十个标有下划线的关键词 语，Mac，friends，bicycle，pedaled，home，jumped，wolf，cars，climb，Paul。续写部分所给的两段落的首句。第一段第一句是：The car abruptlystopped in front of him.第二段的第一句是：A few minutes la

4、ter，the other twocyclists a rri ve d .这两句话起到很关键的作用，无论从时间的先后、情节的发 展都要以这两句话作为内在逻辑关系。很多考生将two cyclists等同于Paul and Becky，说明没有读懂原文。因此在情节的安排中，必须按照叙述的顺 序，继续紧密结合原材料中五个W的逻辑顺序发展下去。第一段写什么？ 应围绕Paul and Becky如何救助Mac展开；第二段写什么？搞清开头的这 两个人是谁很重要，然后依照符合故事情节发展的内在逻辑推进下去。第 一段和第二段要衔接紧密，相互关联，不能独立存在。3.理清逻辑，优化语言这一部分侧重点为语言逻辑，

5、词句结构都必须符合当时人狼大战的情 景。写作不必追求高大上的词汇，相反，朴实自然、地道、贴切的词语便 是好的词语。杨柳的3美体现在纤细婀娜，樟树的美体现在挺拔繁茂，不同 的写作对象应采用不同的语言风格，必须采用适当的描写侧重点。个人以 为，2016年10月高考读后续写题可以比较倾向于心理描写；而2017年6月的高考读后续写题，建议考生以动作描写为主，可以参考电影速度与 激情中的画面风格，采用令人眼花缭乱的动作描写，以超快节奏描写场 景。续写要抓住续这一核心，按照情节的发展进行延续，写作手法上必须 以叙为主，描写上以动作描写为重心，情节的发展合乎逻辑地推进。二、答题中的主要问题1.内容在阅卷过程

6、中，我们发现，一部分考生没有读懂原文，如不认识bear spray,不理解a bright red cloud enveloped the anima,没有理清人物关系， 误认为Paul与Mac是好朋友： 这部分考生由于阅读能力直接影响到续写的 发挥。另外一部分考生则是大面积抄写试卷中的阅读理解或是完形填空等 处的语句； 还有些考生描写心理活动和场景过多,缺乏具体描写,导致故 事不够连贯,不够完整。42.语言从评卷结果来看，考生出现的问题偏向于刻意追求运用高级、新颖的 词汇，强行运用复杂句型等语法结构，而忽略了与原文语言环境的符合度 和连贯度。同时出现了一些单词拼写错误等，尤其是副词的拼写和不

7、规则 动词的拼写错误， 如disappointly，to his surprised等。更有甚者用套路作文， 这与读后续写的全新创作宗旨相违背。3.逻辑违背生活真实。如在紧张的人狼大战环境下，有的考生却写两人在 拉家常。 人物关系混乱。如增加了一些人物，让故事变得更加复杂；把Paul与Mac看成是原先认识的；有些故事的结局并没有交代如何处理狼。 两段的开头语理解不到位，以及两段之间衔接不够，也带来了很多故事 上的混乱。 比如第一段的The car abruptly stopped in front of him， 学生理解 为是Mac要求他停车等。4.其他问题 阅卷中发现很多考生错误地将一个单

8、词随意移行。因为单词移行规则 很复杂，建议考生还是不要拆字为好。另外，阅卷中发现很多标点错误， 以下几点需注意：英语中没有顿号，分割句中并列成分多用逗号，如She slowly，carefully，deliberately moved the box英文的句号是实心点（）；英 文的省略号是三个点（.），位置在行底。作文范例点评范文一The car abruptly stopped in front of him. A woman hurriedly opened the door andstretched out her hand, shouting,“Geitn!”Magcrabbed he

9、r hand without hesitation,leaving his bicycle lying on the road and jumped into the car. The moment he shut the door,5he caught the glimpse of the fierce eyes and hungry look of the wolf by the door. A coldfeeling crept over his heart and made him shiver. However, the car had left the wolf farbehind

10、, which made him sigh with relief. Mac thanked Paul and Becky and afterwards theypulled over by the road to wait for Macs friends.A few minutes later, the two other cyclists arrived. As soon as they met, his friendsworried look faded away.“Where have you been? We saw your bicycon the road.”Hisfriend

11、 asked and these words like a penetrate of sunshine warmed hisheart. After Mac explained to them, they said farewell to Paul and Becky in sincerelyindebtedness. On the way home, night breeze made him at ease and he couldnt wait toshare his experience with his wife and children and show the kindness

12、of the world.点评这篇文章语言上最大的特色是无灵主语的使用，即用无生命特征的名 词做句子的主语。整篇11个句子，其中无灵主语就有5句，占了42%。（1）A cold feeling crept over his heart andmade him shiver.（2）However, the car had left the wolf far behind, which made him sigh withrelief.（3）As soon as they met, his friendsworried look fa（de4d）awthaeys.e wordslike a pen

13、etrateof sunshine warmed his heart（. 5）On the way home, night breeze made him at ease这样，同样含义的句子就由平淡变得生动有力了。女口：Feel ing in deed had smothered herjudgment that day.（选自英国著名作家Thomas Hardy的小说Tess of the DUrbe）rvilles语言上的第二大特色就是这篇文章词汇的使用，如in debted ness等于gratitude感激，pull over表达路边停车，这些都体现了较为深厚的语言功底。6但是，文章还

14、是有些瑕疵。Mac grabbed her hand without hesitation，leaving his bicyclelying on the road and jumped into the car.这一句中应将leaving改为left，使其与前面的grabbed及后面的jumped成为连贯动作， 也可把jumped改为jumping同leaving平行成为grabbed的伴随状语；His friend asked and these words like a pen etrate of sunshine warmedhis hea此句 中的penetrate是个动词被错误地当

15、做名词使用，可以改为His friend askedand these words like a ray of sunshine warmed his hea；rtAfter Mac explained to them, theysaid farewell to Paul and Becky in si ncerely in debted ness此匕句中的sin cerely应该改为形容词修饰名词in debted ness范文二The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Macs heart jumped wildly, and hdashed to

16、wards the car without the slightest hesitation for he knew it was his only chance. Itwas a real race against time to make it! Thank god, Mac successfully made the door openand that fierce wolf was just around the corner. The instant Mac settled him on the seat, Paulstarted the car in a flash. The wo

17、lf had to give up and find another goal. What a narrowescape! Mac collapsed into the seat and smiled bitterly. The other two guys decided to stopat the gas station to have a rest.A few minutes later, the two other cyclists arrived. Seeing his friends, Mac felt a greatweight taken off his mind. His f

18、riends were amazed at Macs experience, for it was a miracleto escape from a hungry wolf! Mac thanked Paul and Becky again and again, but hisappreciation was beyond words. He said sincerely:“You cant imagine how grateful I was,for I have been given a second life! T”ears gathered up in Macseyes when h

19、e waved them7goodbye. It was obviously an unforgettable experience, and Mac would have a lot to sharewith his family after he got home. It was his courage and other peoplessaved him.点评 从语言角度出发，这篇文章特征明显。首先是语言地道，表现在三处for的使用，(1)for he knew it was his only chanee. (2)for it was a miracle to escape from

20、ahungry wolf!(3)for I have been given a second life句子中使 用for更加符合英语的思维习惯，尽管前后是并列关系，但是前面提供了主 要的信息，然后进行补充说明。如：因为李越出色的表现，校长授予他 “本 周学生之星”荣誉称号。在这句话中，汉语的思维是先说原因，而英语的翻 译则是先说结果：The president awarded Li Yue the title of“Star Student of the Week forwhat she did for our class原因和结果的位置是有很大差异的。再 者，此文章比较娴熟地使用了写作的各种

21、技巧，如强调句的使用It was his courage and other peoples kindness that sa感叹句的使用：（1）You cant imagine how grateful I w，a（s 2）What a narrow escape!等等。但是， 这篇文章也存在一些不足。The instant Mac settled him on the seat, Paul started thecar in a flash此句中的him应该改为himself。第一段尾句The other two guys decided to stopat the gas stati o

22、n to have a res这句话与上下文 脱节，起不到承上启下的作用，出现了情节逻辑的问题。总的说来，该文章比较好地完成了读后续写的任务，既读懂了原文，又有比较好的语言功底将故事叙写下去。范文三The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Seeing Paul wave at him kindly and open the8car door for him, Mac immediately jumped out of his bicycle and rushed into the car. Nosooner than the poor man had

23、 got in did Paul close the door. The wolf walked around the carand howled furiously at them, but just in vain. Realizing it couldnt catch Mac any more,the wolf ultimately gave up andwalked away gloomily. Watching the wolf was swallowed by the road, Mac, bathed inperspiration, sighed with relief and

24、sank down to the back seat. Paul handed him a bottle ofwater and he managed a weak smile, murmuring something like“Thank you verymuch”.A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. Knowing that Mac had been chasedby a wolf, they were stumped for words and paralyzed with fear. Fortunately, at

25、that momentappeared Paul who lent a helping hand to Mac. The two friends extended their earnestgratitude to Paul for rescuing Mac and then9took Mac back home. After such a terrible experience, the splendid landscape of Alaskaseemed no longer to be a temptation to them. On the way back home, feeling

26、the lightbreeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now was like a bad dream, but a warmglow flooded in as he thought of Paul help. The most precious part of humans is their care foreach other.点评这是一篇非常优秀的文章。特别靓丽的地方就是doing的使用， 具体有： （1）SeeingPaul wave at him kindly and open the car door for

27、him，Mac immediately jumped out of hisbicycle and rushed into the car.（2）Realizing it couldncat tch Mac any more, the wolfultimately gave up and walked away gloomily.（3）Watching the wolf was swallowed by theroad, Mac, bathed in perspiration, sighed with relief and sank down to the back sea（t. 4）Paul

28、handed him a bottle of water and he managed a weak smile, murmuring something like“Thank you very much（5）K”n.owing that Mac had been chased by a wolf, they werestumped for words and paralyzed with fear.（6）On the way back home, feeling the lightbreeze through his hair, Mac felt what happened just now

29、 was like a bad dream, but a warmglow flooded in as he thought of Paul help. The most precious part of huma ns is their carefor each othe共占了12句 话中的50%，却不让人感到单调，非谓语动词的使用可以比较地道地表现 语言的美。其次，文章大量使用了高级词汇，howled furiously at them, ultimately, gloomily,perspiration, splendid landscape, murmuring, stumped, e

30、xtended their earnest gratitude等等，特别是不同场合不同动作的动词的适当使用语言描写贴切地表达了情节发展的逻辑，采用动作描写大大重于对话 描写，读来有很强的身sunse10临其境的感觉。美中不足的是考生在试图使用高级表达的时候出现了些瑕疵，如No soonerthan the poor man had got in did Paul close the door.这句话在结构上是错误 的，必须改为Nosooner had the poor man got in than Paul closed the doo另 夕卜，Mac immediately jumpedo

31、ut of his bicycle and rushed into the car此匕句中 的out of必须改为off。三、教学改进建议 教师应从何处入手，在教学实践中发挥核心素养的积极作用？关键一 点，在平时的英语教学实践中，要关注学生的思维发展，教会他们发现问 题、解决问题以及运用英语思维的能力。当今高考英语读后续写题型本质 上就是用英语思维能力输出的一个具体体现，所以我们在教学中必须做到 一些变与不变。不变的是：理清读后续写的真正含义。读后续写是考生通过阅读所给 材料，理解文章，对原文信息进行再加工的一种写作练习，阅读原文将语 言输入，通过续写将语言输出，这两者紧密结合，将语言学习和运

32、用有机 地结合了起来，真正做到将语言学活。变的是：读后续写的考试方式，在很大程度上改变了传统英语教学以 语法为中心教语言的模式。然而，当下英语课堂，太多重视词汇的讲解、 语法的解析，而对学生的思维能力培养不够，或者几乎没有；学生课堂上 没有可以展现思维的时间和空间；英语教师对语境的创设不充分，对创造 性的思维挖掘不深等等。读后续写这种模式的信息输出，要求广大教师从 本质上改变传统的教学模式，将更多的课堂时间留给学生，变求同为求异。 正如一千个读者眼中有一千个哈姆雷特，这是英语教学工作者必须秉持的 教学理念。为了做好这一点，有几点建议：1.大量阅读，增加信息量。11教材的局限性是满足不了高考的新

33、题型，因此在平时的教学过程中，应多输入英美国家的文化背景知识，增加文学作品的阅读，大量累积关于 情绪情感和动作行为的词汇和表达。我们必须主动阅读教材以外的报刊、 杂志、经典英语小说，享受英语的美感，随时摘记，建立一本写作摘记本， 见到好词、好句、好段落，立刻记到本子上，反复背诵，并运用到口语和 写作中。如双城记(A Tale of Two Cities)有类似的动作描写，可以借鉴：With a roar that sounded as if allthe breath in France had been shaped into the detested word, the living se

34、a rose, wave onwave, depth on depth, and overflowed the city to that point. Alarm-bells ringing, drumsbeating, the sea raging and thundering on its new beach, the attack began.2.开放教学，还学生自由。 自由首先是思维的自由，不敢想，没时间想，不愿意想，这是学生现 在常见的阻碍发展创造性思维的现象。浙江省从2005年高考英语书面表达 的大转变开始，对控制式的教学提出了新的要求，万人一面的书面表达时 代已经过去，有多少考生，就有多少