牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-3-介词感叹句阅读D_学案

1、. 学科老师辅导学案 课程主题： 17-3-介词感慨句阅读D 学习目的1.注意介词固定搭配与汉语表达方式的差异；2.掌握常用介词的固定搭配及各种不同用法考情解析。3.掌握感慨句的类型及考点。教学内容1.名词和冠词的知识回忆一.介词【知识梳理】1.介词的用法介词用于名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句前，表示与其他成分的关系。介词可以与名词、形容词和动词搭配表示不同的意义。2.表示时间段的介词3.表示位置关系、运动方向的介词4.常用介词的用法1about 1关于 例如：They had a discussion about the plan for the new term.他们讨论了新

2、学期的方案。 2大约、差不多 例如：He will stay there for about four days.他要在那里大约待四天。2as 1作为 例如：He works as a captain on a ship.他在一艘船受骗船长。 2与一样 例如：He is the same age as my sister.他与我姐姐同岁.3表示价格、次数、速度等 例如：It was sold at that price.它是按这个价钱卖的。 You must do all this at a time.你们必须一次做好所有这一切。 He drove his car at 50 miles an

3、 hour.他开车以每小时50英里的速度行驶。4by 1被、由用于被动语态 例如：Have you read any novel written by Lu Xun？你读过鲁迅写的小说吗？ 2靠、用、通过手段、方法 例如：Do you want to send this letter by air mail or by ordinary mail？ 你是想航空邮寄还是普通邮寄这封信？ 3乘交通工具 例如：I will go there by bus,then on foot.我将乘公共汽车然后步行七那儿。5for 1表示目的 例如：Can you make a cake for me，mum？

4、妈妈，你能为我买个蛋糕吗？ 2表示原因 例如：He did it for two reasons.他做出这件事出于两个原因。 3对而言，表示对象 例如：It is necessary for the students to go to school on time.对学生来说按时到校是必要的。 4要求得到 例如：They often go to their teachers for advice.他们经常去向老师请教。6from 1从，来自 例如：This present is from my friend.这份礼物是我朋友送我的。 2用制造组成看不出原材料 例如：Wine is made f

5、rom grapes.红酒是由葡萄酿制的。7in 1用语言；用原材料 例如：We must write the essay in English我们必须用英语写论文。 He likes signing his name in blue ink他喜欢用蓝墨水签名。 2表示穿着 例如：The lady in red is Miss Wang.穿红衣服的这位女士是王老师。 3以形式；以方式 例如：In this way he has worked out two maths problems. 他用这种方式已经做出两道数学难题。8 like像、似一样。 例如：You must never do th

6、ings like that你必须永远不再做那样的事。9 of 1的 例如：Whats the population of China? 中国的人口有多少？ 2表示年龄 例如：When she wrote the book, she was only a girl of fifteen她写这本书时年仅15岁。 3中最突出的 例如：Of all the subjects,I like maths best所有的学科中，我最喜欢数学。 4表示数量和种类 例如：A group of boys were playing football in the playground. 一群男孩正在操场上踢足球。

7、 5用制造组成看得出原材料 例如：Our desks and chairs are made of wood我们的桌椅是木头做的。10 on 1通过 例如：There will lie a tennis match on Channel 8 tonight今晚八频道将有一场网球赛。 2去路上 例如：On his way home, he met his old friend在回家路上，他遇见了他的老朋友。 3处于情况状态中 例如：The house is on fire这房子着火了。 4关于 例如：He will write a book on the history of Beijing他将

8、写一本关于北京历史的书。11 to 1表示对象 例如：I rose and passed the plate to him. 我起身把盘子给他。 2致使，表示结果 例如：To their joy, they won a prize in the contest. 在竞赛中获奖，使他们很快乐12 with 1表示共同关系：和；和一起 例如：I invited him to have dinner with me.我邀请他和我一起吃饭。 2表示工具、手段等；用；被 例如：The boy cut the wood with a knife.男孩用刀刻木头。 3表示附属关系：具有、带有；在身边 例如：

9、The Wright brothers invented the first plane with an engine. 莱特兄弟创造了第一架带发动机的飞机。 4表示原因：因为、由于 例如：With his help, I passed the test.在他的帮助下，我通过了测验。13without没有、不 例如：You cant go in without a ticket.没有票你不能进去。5.形容词与介词的搭配 be famous for以知名 be pleased with对满意 be interested in对感兴趣 be angry with对生气 be late for迟到

10、be ready for对做好了准备 be good at擅长于 be proud of为感到自豪 be busy with忙于 be surprised at对感到惊讶6.动词与介词的搭配 agree with同意某人意见 enter for报名参加 help sb. with帮助某人 operate on给某人动手术 worry about为担忧 point at指着 clearfrom去除 run after追赶 pay for付钱买 belong to属于 protectfrom保护 preferto宁可；更喜欢7.惯用词组中的介词 notat all一点也不 in fact事实上 i

11、n all总共 allby oneself单独 by the way顺便 at the moment此刻 in a hurry匆忙地 in charge of负责 in no time很快 from time to time不时地 in time及时 on time准时8.学习建议：1介词的用法庞杂，学习时要抓住其要害：弄清句子意思、句子构造，分析介词在句子中的成分；2掌握大量介词短语与固定搭配对解题是非常有好处的；3巧用图例如法：对于一些表示方位的介词，可以借助图例如进展学习；4巧计时间名词前介词的用法，如下顺口溜：年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行；遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in；要说某

12、日上下午，用on换in才能行；正午夜晚用at，黎明用它也不错；at也在钟点前，说“差用to，past表示“过；多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。【例题精讲】例1.The giraffe is a tall animal a long neck.A. onB. ofC. withD. around例2.Many students ask the Language Doctor _some advice and it is really helpful.A. onB. forC. toD. with例3.Dalian is in the north of China_5.9 million peop

13、le.A. orB. soC. andD. with例4.The students have about twenty days _ for Spring Festival every year.A. onB. outC. inD. off【课堂练习】1.-Do you know the girl over there _?-It is said that its selfish _her to think only_ herself.A. much, for, ofB. well, for, aboutC. nice, of, overD. well, of, of2.-Would you

14、like some coffee or milk?-No,thanks. I would rather drink tea _milk in itA. thatB. asC. thanD. with3.Mr. James wasnt competitive at all, and it was not long_Ms firm went bankrupt.A. afterB. when C. untilD. before4. Many women in China would like to be dressed _ red_ their wedding day.A. in;in B. in;

15、on C. on;on D. on;in5.-Who would you choose as your best friend?-Id choose Simon.Hes willing to help others_ need_their Maths.A. for;withB. in;withC. with;forD. to;/二.感慨句【知识梳理】1.感慨句的概念感慨句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感慨句句末通常用感慨号，读时一般用降调。2.感慨句的根本句型【句型一】What + a / an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever boy he is! 他是

16、个多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! 这是个多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are! 它们是多么漂亮的花啊！【说明】在感慨句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，假设其前面的形容词为元音开头，那么用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词详细化时，那么要用 what a / an，如：What

17、a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰富的一顿早餐啊！【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How well you look! 你气色真好!How kind you are! 你心肠真好!How beatifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs!

18、他跑得多么快啊！【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感慨句，但动词不提早。如：How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！3.感慨句解题方法一一找，二断，三辨，四确定构成感慨句的感慨词有两个：what和how，其根本构造是：1What名词陈述肯定式：2How形容词或副词陈述肯定式很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：_cold water this is！AHow BWhat_cold it is！AWhat BHow假如我们采取“一找二断三辨四确定的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感慨词。“一找即先找出句中

19、的主语。“二断就是在句中的名词形容词、副词等与代词或名词之连续开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开因this是指示代词，断开后区分断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨，句中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定假如是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：_coldit is！断开线，其前cold是形容词，故应填How。上面两个例句是最根本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意，假如断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感慨词与名词间加冠词aan。例如

20、：_nice present it is！AHow BWhatCHow DWhat a用上述方法，从present与it之连续开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，应选D。4.感慨句解题技巧二“断找去添改五步法假设把一个陈述句变为感慨句，可以采取这“五步法。如：The picture is very beautiful断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture isvery beautiful找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。比方本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是ver

21、y，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后假如是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。添：就是添上感慨词。假如线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为感慨句的感慨词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感慨词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感慨句的感慨号。据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！再如：要把“He is a good student变成感慨句，可如上法炮制：He isa good student中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感

22、慨句应选感慨词what，变成：What a good student he is！【例题精讲】例1. exciting news report weve heard !Yes, team of our women teachers won the first place in the dancing competition.A. What, theB. How, theC. What an, aD. What, a例2._ interesting book the reporter named Chai Jing has written! I agree with you. Her artic

23、les are not only interesting, but also meaningful.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How an例3._ lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an【课堂练习】1. it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day!A. What a funB. How funC. What funD. How a fun2. disappointed she will be if she know

24、s the result of the match!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an3. sunny day it is! Lets go to fly kites.A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a4.Look at the picture. beautiful Sanya is! Ill go there this summer holiday.A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a5. strong the wind is! We could hardly walk in the wind.A. WhatB.

25、 HowC. What aD. How a三.答复以下问题【知识梳理】1.题型概述答复以下问题题型是 “阅读理解的一种形式，考察学生信息查找才能、语篇理解才能和归纳概括才能。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间,要求学生在看懂文章的根底上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的才能，并且可以根据所给题目准确找出解题根据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。2.解题技巧1读懂问题通读全文信息定位准确表达防止答非所问；2注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填写；3注意文章中的

26、人称和时态，做到问答一致。考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错；4灵敏运用同义词语的交换和各种句型的不同表达；5对于开放性问题的答复，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象；6在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地对待。有些不影响理解的生词如地名，人名可直接无视掉。有些生词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现that is to say 或者that means等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意；7态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。【例题精讲】例1. Isabel Allendes novels

27、 are enjoyed all over the world. She is famous for her creativity and imagination. And her own personal story is as amazing as any she has ever told in a novel. Born in 1942, Allendes family moved often during her childhood. She went to school in South America, Europe, and Asia. As a young woman, sh

28、e became a journalist in Santiago, Chiles智利capital city. Then, she got married and had two children. In 1970, everything began to change.Leaving home Isabel Allendes uncle was a political leader named Salvador Allende. In 1970, her uncle was elected president of Chile. In 1973, Augusto Pinochet led

29、a military takeover军事接收of the Chilean government. President Allende was killed during the fighting. When Isabel Allende began to fear for her life, she and her family decided to move to Venezuela委内瑞拉.From Newspaper to Novels It was really a painful experience for Isabel Allendo to flee her country.

30、Without this experience, however, Allende says she never would have begun writing novels. Then she got a phone call from Chile. Her grandfather was dying. She knew she could not return home to be with him, but she wanted to respect him in someway.“I decided to write a letter about all the things he

31、told us when we were young,Allende explains. Later, he wrote a long letter which became Allendes first novel, The House of the Spirits.The Writing Life“I spent ten, twelve hours a day in a room, writing, Allen says, “I dont talk to anybody; I dont answer the phone. When she finishes the first draft草

32、稿of a new novel, Allende mails a copy to her toughest critic最严厉的评论家.“I send it to my mother in Chile. She reads it and come here with a red pencil. We fight for a month at least.Allende then goes back to work until she feels the book is finished.“The storytelling is the fun part, she says.“The writi

33、ng can be a lot of work!1.Isabel Allendes own personal story is very amazing, isnt it?_ 2.What was Isabel Allende before she got married?_ 3.How did the military takeover influence影响Isabel Allendes life?_ 4.Why did Isabel Allende start writing her first novel?_ 5.How do you understand“We fight for a

34、 month at least in the last paragraph?_ 6.What kind of person do you think Isabel Allende is? Give your reasons._ 【课堂练习】1.Antarctica南极洲is the fifth-largest continent on Earth. It is also the coldest, windiest, driest and highest continent. It is an ice-covered place where no large plants grow, and n

35、o land animals live there. Antarctica covers an area of more than 13.6 million square kilometers. It is nearly twice the size of Australia, or one-and-a half times the size of the United States of America. Antarctica does not belong to one country, and it has no government. People visit Antarctica-u

36、sually as tourists, or to do scientific research- but no one lives there all the time. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. It is not certain who first saw Antarctica, but sailors began to map Antarcticas coast from their ships in the 1800s. The first confirmed 证实landing was in the mi

37、d-1890s. Over the next few years, several men tried but failed to reach the South Pole, which is the Earths southernmost point. Finally, a team led by Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached the South Poe in 1911. By then, countries around the world were becoming more and more interested in the frozen cont

38、inent, and soon seven nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, had laid claim to parts of Antarctica. As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was clear that fighting might break out. Diplomats外交官from different countries want

39、ed to stop a war from starting, so they began talking about a treaty for Antarctica A treaty is a written agreement signed by tow or more nations. Several countries had already set up research stations in Antarctic where scientists could live and work. Most scientists worked during the summer months

40、 when it was not as cold as in winter. Scientist hoped a treaty would allow them to continue their work and to exchange information with scientists from countries.1.Antarctica is the largest continent on Earth, isnt it?_ 2.How big is Antarctic?_ 3.Who first saw Antarctica?_ 4.How many nations had la

41、id claim to parts of Antarctica ?_ 5.Why did diplomats from different countries begin talking about a treaty for Antarctica?_ 6.Would you like to work in Antarctica in the future? Why? Give 2-3 reasons_ 1.He will come here _5:00 _6:00 this afternoon.A. among; andB. between; andC. from; toD. among; o

42、r2.The key _ English well is to read more when _.A. to learn, possibleB. of learning, possiblyC. of learning, was possibleD. to learning, possible3.The journey to Beijing might _only a very short time _such cars that travel _such a speed.A. spend; in; atB. take; by; atC. cost; on;byD. take; in;at4.

43、good time we have had in the junior middle school!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a5.Aexpensive Bhand in Cready Dcomplete Elook upLast Sunday, I went to the post office to subscribe订阅 some magazines. I was there for half an hour and there was still a long line in front of me. My turn came at last. I qu

44、ickly got everything done, and was 1_ to leave .Just then, someone came nearer to me. I stopped to 2_ and saw him ，old and thin, with a dirty coat on him which had been worn out. I could see easily that he was poor, from the far mountain area. I stepped backward. I was in my 3_ new coat. He told me

45、he wanted to send some money home but didnt know how to 4_ the table in the sheet. He asked me if I could help him. “But you can ask the clerk. After these words, I looked away and froze into silence.6.The twins_argue about what TV programmes to watch when I got home.7.Taizhou is developing quickly.

46、 A number of _ visit around the world come here every year.8.She likes talking to others while_wait for the bus.9.This problem is not as difficult as that one. 保持原句意思This problem is_ _ than that one.10.People will talk about the safety of girls during the next meeting.改为被动语态The safety of girls_ _ ta

47、lked about during the next meeting.11.“Where can I buy some postcards? the tourist wondered. 宾语从句The tourist wondered_ he_ buy some postcards.12. In a book called Magnificent Obsession, by Lloyd C. Douglas, a description is given of people helping others but doing it secretly. When difficult problem

48、s worried a person, friends nearby would meet to discuss possible solution without the person knowing their actions. When a solution was agreed upon, one or two of the friends would carry out the plan and solve the problem secretly, to the great delight of the worried person. The helpers would stand

49、 by privately, content with their success. No reward was given to the problem solvers, not even a sincere “thank you, because they were never known. This idea is popular today but in a different way. The phrase “pay it forward is now used when one person helps another. However, the person helped may

50、 not be able to repay the person or group that helped them. So rather than return the favor to their helpers, they are supposed to help someone else in the future, which means they pay it forward. It is a sense of responsibility责任 which makes us want to give back in equal measure to the one who has

51、helped us. But, in this case, the responsibility turns to helping someone in the future. Suppose your elderly grandmother pays part of your schooling. She may tell you there is no need to repay her because it is a gift from someone who loves you very much. Nothing would please her more than to have

52、you use her money to get a good education. You may never be able to repay her for such a gift. However, she not only gave you some money, but she provided you with an example that you should also help other people who need it. People with serious needs are everywhere. Many are children who need better clothes, more books and even better schools. Some are elderly people who cant afford their medicine or a doctors care. Consider how you can “pay it forward rather than pay money back to your grandmother.1. The helpers in the book “Magnificent Obsession