牛津上海版中考英语专题复习-4-连词状从阅读B_教案

1、. 学科老师辅导教案 课程主题： 17-4-连词状从阅读B 学习目的1.掌握并列连词连接彼此并列的词、短语或句子。2.掌握附属连词引导宾语从句和状语从句的用法。3.夯实根底，进步完形填空解题才能。4.掌握完形填空解题方法，进步解题正确率。教学内容1.介词、感慨句复习一.连词【知识梳理】1.连词的概念连词是一种虚词。它不能在句中独立充当成分，只能在词与词、词组与词组、句子与句子之间起连接作用。连词分为并列连词与附属连词两大类。2.并列连词的分类表示意思转折的连词 but, yet, however 表示因果关系的连词 for, so, therefore 其他并列连词 and, or, eith

2、er, or, neither, nor not only, but also, both, and, as well as3.并列连词的用法1 and lA and B和，并且 Mary read the text loud and clearly玛丽朗读课文响亮又清楚。 注意：构造“祈使句+ and+陈述句表示条件，相当于“假如就。 例如：Work hard and you'll get good grades in your exams. =If you work hard, you'll get good grades in your exams. 假如努力学习，你就可

3、以在考诚中得到好成绩。 2 both A and B和 例如：These students are both clever and careful.这些学生既聪明又仔细。 3 not only A but also B;B as well as A不但而且 例如：She can not only sing but also dance. She can dance as well as sing她不仅会唱歌而且会跳舞。 注意：当not onlybut also以及as well as连接并列主语时主谓一致原那么如下： Not only he but also I am good at draw

4、ing谓语动词单复数形式与最邻近它的主 语单复数一致 He as well as I is good at drawing谓语动词单复数形式与句子主语单复数一致 4 neither A nor B既不也不 在连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数形式与最邻近它的主语单复数一致。 例如：Neither you nor he is fit for the job.你和他都不合适干这项工作。2 but表示转折意义例如：She is short, but she plays basketball very well她个于矮小，但篮球打得很好。3 or 1 or或者表示选择意义 例如：Who is heavie

5、r，John or Mike?谁更重些，约翰还是迈克？ 2 or否那么表示否认的条件 例如：Be careful in your exam, or you'll fail again =If you are not careful in your exam，you'll fail again考试中仔细一点，否那么你又会不及格。 3 eitheror或是或是；不是就是 在连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数形式与最邻近它的主语单复数保持一致。 例如：Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是我错。4 so所以表示因果关系 例如：I found a boy runni

6、ng after me, so l stopped我发现有个男孩在追我，所以我停了 下来。 注意：so与because不能用于同一句中。5 for因为用于对前面的句子进展解释，所表示的因果关系多属于推断性的，此时不能与because互换使用。 例如：He must be ill today, for he didn't come to school. 他今天一定病了，因为他没来上学。 注意：for引导的句子乜可以表示直接原因，此时可以与because互换使用，但for引导的句子不能位于句首。 例如：I had to light a candle, for/because the lig

7、hts went out suddenly. 我必须点一支蜡烛，因为灯突然熄灭了。【难点】 就近原那么： 1neither. nor. Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member. 2not only.but also.Not only you but also he likes football. 3either.or. Either Jim or Peter is right. 4not.but. Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.4.附属连词附属连词一般用来引导主从复合句，如宾语从句、状语从句。1引导宾语从句的附属连词

8、引导宾语从句的附属连词分别由连接代词如that，who m，what，whosewhich等，或连接副词如if/whether，whenwhere，why，how等充当。 例如：I hope that you will enjoy our performance. 我希望你会喜欢我们的演出。 I don't know what his new telephone number is. 我不知道他的新 号码是什么。 I asked him if/whether he had passed the exam我问他是否通过了考试。 1 wonder how they managed to d

9、o the job in such a short time. 我想知道他们如何设法在如此短的时间内做好了这项工作。 I don't know who took my umbrella? 载不知道谁拿走了我的伞？ Please tell me why they were late again? 请告诉我他们为什么又迟到了？2引导状语从句的附属连词 引导状语从句的附属连词可表示以下各种关系： 时间：when, while, until/till, before, after, as soon as, since 原因：because, as, since, now that, for 条

10、件：if 让步：though/although 结果：sothat 目的：so that 比较：than, asas, not so/asas例如：When he comes, I will give the message to him. 当他来的时候，我将把这个口信捎给他。 As soon as I receive his letter, I'II let you know. 一收到他的信，我就告诉你。 After you finish eating, don't forget to clean the table. 你吃完后，不要忘了擦干净桌子。 They have be

11、en happy since they came to study in our school. 自从到我们学校学习以来，他们一直很快乐。 They will stay at school until/till they are sixteen. 他们将在学校一直呆到十六岁。 1 will buy the coat if it fits me well.加果这件上衣合我身，我将买下。 He asked for leave because he had to see the doctor. 因为需要去看医生，他请了假。 As it was hot, we went swimming in the

12、 sea因为天气炎热，我们去海里游泳。注意：because/as/.since不能与so出如今同一句子中。例如：Now that everything is ready, shall we start？ 既然一切都准备好了，我们开场好吗？注意：though/although不能与but出如今同一句子中，但可以用yet。例如：Though he isn't clever, yet he works hard.虽然他不聪明，但很用功。 He does eye exercises every day, so that he won't be shortsighted. 为了不患近视眼

13、，他每天做眼保健操。 They walked so fast that I couldn't keep up with them. 他们走得很快，我跟不上他们。 The earth is bigger than the moon地球比月亮大。5.解题技巧：1首先找出连词在句中是连接词与词、短语与短语还是连接句子与句子、句子与从句，以此来确定选择并列连词还是附属连词，并掌握各连词的汉语意思和使用方法；2掌握打破法：抓住题目中的某个点，先排除一个或几个选项，然后再逐一排除。【例题精讲】例1._ it was late at night, Mr Black was still working

14、.A. IfB. BecauseC. ThoughD. As【答案】C例2._David _I are policemen.A. Neither,norB. Either,orC. Both,andD. Not only,but also【答案】C例3.When youre learning a foreign language,use it, _ you will lose it.A. butB. orC. thenD. and【答案】B例4.Go along the road,_ youll find the market at the end of it.A. whenB. andC.

15、orD. though【答案】B例5.Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?Thank you. I'd love to, _ I'll be out of town at the weekend.A. becauseB. andC. soD. but【答案】D【课堂练习】1.徐汇区二模 Since there was only one position available,Mr.Peterson had to choose either Jack_Tom to be the manager.A.

16、 andB. soC. orD. but【答案】C【分析】 C C C2.上海市中考真题John didnt give up looking for a job _ he got an offer from a German company.A. untilB. sinceC. becauseD. if【答案】A【分析】【2019年上海市中考】3. The meal will go bad _ you dont put it in the fridge.A. becauseB. ifC. whenD. since【答案】B4.上海崇明县二模I know it takes a lot of en

17、ergy to heat water,_ I always wash my face with cold water.A. orB. butC. andD. so【答案】D5.上海中考真题The nurse wont leave her patients_shes sure they are all taken care of.A. unlessB. becauseC. sinceD. if【答案】A【分析】A6.上海中考真题The flight was delayed by the storm, _ the passengers had to wait at the airport.A. b

18、utB. orC. soD. for【答案】C【分析】C7.上海松江区二模The earth was so seriously polluted _ we must take action to save the planet.A. asB. thatC. soD. before【答案】B【分析】BBB8.上海杨浦区二模The patient had to have the operation, _she would die.A. orB. butC. andD. so【答案】A【分析】AAA9.上海普陀区二模Nowadays many people travel abroad to spen

19、d the Spring Festival it is a bit expensive.A. becauseB. thoughC. sinceD. if【答案】B【分析】B10.上海奉贤区二模_Martin_his friends ate up all the food they ordered. They took the left away.A. Both. andB. Neither.norC. Not only.but alsoD. Either.or【答案】B【分析】B11.Take a careful look at the two pictures, _ youll find s

20、everal differences between them.A. soB. andC. orD. but【答案】B【分析】祈使句+or/and+简单句的用法12.I knew nothing of the murder case _ I read the newspaper report last night.A. whenB. becauseC. untilD. since【答案】C【分析】直到新闻报道后才知道凶杀案13.Well have to cancel the school sports meeting _it snows tonight.A. ifB. althoughC. u

21、nlessD. since【答案】A【分析】根据句意前后表示条件，且条件和结果为一致。14.It was a terrible journey, _we got there safely in the end.A. andB. orC. soD. but【答案】D【分析】根据句意前后表示转折。15.2019上海中考真题Leave the reference books behind, _ you wont be able to think independently.A. orB. andC. soD. but【答案】A【分析】A二.状语从句【知识梳理】1.状语从句的概念状语从句在复合句中用作

22、状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句与宾语从句不同的是：宾语从句只能跟在及物动词或部分介词的后面，而绝大部分状语从句的位置很活泼既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。当状语从句在主句前面时，主从句之间用逗号断开。2.状语从句的分类状语从句通常可以分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等九类。 时间：when, while、as、as soon as、until、since、by the time 地点：where、wherever、no matter where、anywhere 条件：if、unless 原因：because、now that、since、

23、as 目的：so that、in order that 结果：sothat、suchthat 让步：although 比较：asas、not so asas、than 方式：as.as if.a.s though3.时间状语从句用于表达时间。注意以下例句的意思及前后时态的一致性： when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday. I got angry when I heard the news. She wants to be a teacher when she grows up. while: My father was

24、cooking while my mother was reading last night. before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night. after: After I had turned off the lights, I went to bed last night. as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell ra

25、ng. since: I have lived here since l was born until: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4.地点状语从句一般由where, wherever和everywhere引导。地点状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。如：Where there is a will，there is a way. Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed tum地点状语从句可以有省略的表达方式。如

26、：Put in an article where you think it is necessary.5.条件状语从句用来表示主句情况实现的条件。主要时态为主句将来时，从句如今时。如：If I have time tomorrow, I'll go shopping with you.6.原因状语从句表示原因，引导原因状语从句常用的连词有because因为、since因为、既然、as因为、由于、now that既然、由于等。如：I can't go to see the film because I'm quite busy. Now that everything i

27、s ready, we can set off at once. I'll get up at 5 tomorrow morning because I'II meet my uncle at the railway station 注意：because语气最强，用why提问。as语气较弱，表示的是明显原因。since、now、that表示明显原因或众所周知的事实。7.目的状语从句表示目的，由so that或in order that引导。在改为简单句时可以由in order to或so as to引导。如：I got up early this morning so that

28、 I could catch the early bus. 改成：I got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. The teacher explained the text slowly in order that all of us might understand it. 改成：The teacher explained the text slowly in order to be understood by all of us.8.方式状语从句常用连词是as if和as though引导。这两个短语的用法一样，意

29、思是“好似，仿佛，引导方式状语从句时有时用虚拟语气，表示可能性很小或不符合实际事实的情况。as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面常接不定式、分词、形容词和介词短语。如：The Little boy talks as if he were a man. The woman looks here and there as if she is looking for something.引导方式状语从句的连词还有the way，as等。如：You'd better change the way you speak to your parents. Man needs air a

30、s fish needs water.9.结果状语从句表示结果，常用sothat或suchthat引导。如：Peter is so clever that he can answer the question Peter is such a clever boy that he can answer the question. 比较上面两句句子，可以发现so修饰形容词，而such修饰名词。这两个复合句在改为简单句时可以用tooto太而不能或 notenoughto do做某事足够做某事缺乏够形式转换。如：The car is so expensive that I can't buy

31、it改为简单句 The car is too expensive for me to buy. The car is not cheap enough for me to buy. The boy is so old that he can join the army.改为简单句 The boy is old enough to join the army.10.让步状语从句用来表示让步，引导让步状语从句的常用附属连词有though、although虽然但是等。要注意的是，英语和汉语的连词运用情况不同，汉语常用成对连词，如“虽然但是、“因为所以，但在英语中只使用其中一个，用了although就

32、不用but，用了but就不用although。两者不能同时使用。如：He is old and weak, but he works hard He works hard though he is old and weak. Though he is old and weak, he works hard.11.比较状语从句用来表示比较，它常省略与主句重复的部分。如：The boy is as tall as his father now. He can't play football as well as he used to.【例题精讲】例1.I don't know if

33、 it _ tomorrow. If it _, I won't go.A. will rain; will rain B. rains; rainsC. rains; will rain D. will rain; rains【答案】D【分析】D例2.The meeting didn't start_ everyone was there.A. becauseB. untilC. whyD. if【答案】B【分析】B例3._ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As【答案】D【分析】

34、D例4._ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. AsD. As if【答案】A【分析】A例5.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A. whenB. afterC. becauseD. until【答案】D【分析】D【课堂练习】1.If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _.A. he will

35、, tooB. he wont, eitherC. he does, tooD. he doesnt, either【答案】B2.Life is like a mirror_you smile at it，it will smile backA. UnlessB. WhenC. Until D. Though【答案】B3.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although【答案】C【分析】C。as soon as 一就此题为时间状语从句，遵循主将从现的原那么。4.Dont worryBi

36、ll will help you look after your dog when you _ away on businessA. areB. wereC. will beD. have been【答案】A【分析】这里的when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现的规那么，故这里用一般如今时，主语you，故are，故答案是AA主将从现是指在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，假如主句是一般将来时，从句用一般如今时替代一般将来时5.The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier _ we take action to protect them .A.

37、ifB. butC. unlessD. though【答案】C【分析】根据句义选择unless，注意unless=if.notC这是典型时间状语从句，只要知道句义就很容易判断出该选择什么了。6.Dr.Wang is _ good person that everybody loves and respects him.A. soB. suchC. such aD. so a【答案】C【分析】C7.In summer milk will quickly go bad_ it is put into a fridge.A. though B. unless C. because D. once【答

38、案】B8.It is_ a beautiful garden_ we like to play in it.A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that【答案】B9._you've tasted it, you can't imagine how delicious the dishes are.A. BecauseB. Although C. When D. Unless【答案】D10.Ten years has passed_ the CCTV event People Who Moved China took pla

39、ce in 2019.A. when B. while C. before D. since【答案】D11.Peter likes reading a newspaper_ he is having breakfast.A. until B. whileC. because D. though【答案】B三.总知识梳理【知识梳理】1.完形填空概述完形填空是一种测试学生语言程度和实际运用才能的综合性题型。它要求学生必须具备一定的词汇量和一定的词法知识，以及具备一定的阅读才能、分析才能和逻辑推理才能。它不同于单项选择注重于对单个句子的理解。也不是单纯考察语法和词汇的有关知识。它要求我们在对整个篇章理

40、解的根底上，深化理清文章线索，判断各部分的逻辑关系，以及理解作者意图等等。然后运用我们所掌握的语法、词汇、惯用法知识来做出判断，选择正确答案。2.完形填空考察方式3.完形填空解题方法完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路，在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进展符合逻辑的推理，进而验证推理的正确性，修正初填的答案，以到达理解全文、构建篇章意识、解决问题的目的。解题关键在于把握文章的整体性。考生除了掌握单词的意义、词汇的用法、固定搭配和有关常识外，重点要放在逻辑推理和对上下文乃至通篇文章的理解上。 注意以下几个步骤：通读全文，领会大意 动笔解题前，先快速阅读全文。从总体

41、上理解文章的主题思想，中心含义和段落之间的逻辑关系。同时要注意文章的开头和结尾以及每段开头。因为这些地方往往能提供主要的情节，有助于理解全文所描绘的事情和文章的中心议题，千万不能把注意力集中在空白处，而忽略了与全文的关系。抓住线索，仔细推敲 在理解大意的根底上，再逐句阅读，根据上下文的线索和情景，顺藤摸瓜，反复推敲。答案确实定主要从这几个方面考虑： 从上下文的角度。往往应选的答案在文章的前面或后面就有了提示。 从词汇意义、用法及固定搭配的角度。这方面往往是考察的内容之一。要注意同义词、近义词、反义词及词语的区分和固定的搭配等。 从逻辑判断和常识的角度。有时从外表上看，所有的选项都可以。但是从逻

42、辑推理和常识判断来看，答案只有一个。复读全文，核对答案选好所有的答案后，再把短文读一遍进展核查。看文章是否通顺流畅，用词是否恰当，是否符合语法要求和英语表达习惯。对自己平时屡做屡错的地方要特别留心，发现错误，及时纠正。4.完形填空解题要点抓住题目及文章第一句话和最后一句话；建立篇章意识；注意积累实词的用法，尤其是动词、形容词、副词或名词的用法及辨析。5.完型填空考察要求“完型填空Cloze是初中英语试题考察的一种重要题型。事实证明，完型填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。它是对学生阅读才能，语法知识，逻辑推理以及分析归纳等综合才能的考察。因此，要做好完型填空，不仅要具备一定的词法

43、、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解才能、综合分析才能和运用语言知识的理论才能。中考完型填空从根本设计上来看，原那么都是一致的，都是从短文中抽去假设干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案其中包括一个正确答案，让考生选出正确的答案：“抽词法可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前主要考察的是学生在详细语言环境中对文章的篇章构造、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的才能要求，及对所学英语的综合运用才能、快速阅读理解才能及逻辑推理判断才能等，而不是单纯对语法构造的考察。6.完型填空命题趋势完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过

44、的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及构造必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考察以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法构造。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过50%，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。 体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过50%.其他还有说明文应用文、议论文等。 命题形

45、式：完型填空题的两空之间一般相隔710个词，短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律：a此题型设空以考察文意为主，也就是我们所说的“实词一一名词、动词、形容词和副词等，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。b降低对单词本身词意的考察要求，以突出此题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。c增加了考察连词的题，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。d注意结合文意考察对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。假如只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意详细

46、语境中单词确实切含意，是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。题目的类型可分为：a语言知识型，如各种语法规那么、句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在一定语境下的根本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵敏运用。 b判断推理型，考察对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理才能。c综合型，即对知识和才能综合运用的考察。7.完形填空高频动词短语1 look up查看2 look like 看上去像3 look after 照料4 say hello to 向问好5 speak to对说话6 put on 穿上7 take off脱下8 write down记下9 g

47、et on 上车10 get off 下车11 stand in line 站队12 laugh at 嘲笑13 throw about 乱丢，抛散14 quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架15 take ones temperature 给某人体温16 have/get a pain in某处疼痛17 have a headache 头痛18 feel like doing sth. 想要干某事19 stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事20 fall asleep 入睡21 look over 检查22 take exercise运动23 had betternot d

48、o sth. 最好不要干某事24 get back 回来，取回25 run away 逃跑26 eat up 吃光，吃完27 run after 追赶28 takegood care of=look afterwell 好好照顾，照料29 think of 考虑到，想起30 keep a diary 坚持写日记31 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下32 turn on翻开电灯、收音机、煤气等33 turn off 关34 turn up 调大音量35 turn down调小音量36 keep on doing sth. 继续做某事37 carry on 继续做某事38

49、go on 继续做某事39 be able to + v 原 = can + v 原 可以40 be afraid to do of sth 恐惧，害怕41 be allowed to do 被允许做什么42 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang43 catch up with sb 赶上某人44 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 45 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地46 come in 进来47 come over to 过来48 come up with 提出 49 communicate with sb 和某人交流50 consid

50、er + doing 考虑做什么 51 dance to 随着跳舞 52 decide to do sth 决定做某事53 do a survey of 做某方面的调查54 do better in 在方面做得更好55 do wrong 做错 56 mind +doing /从句 /名词 介意57 end up +doing 58 enjoy +doing 喜欢59 escape from 从逃跑 60 expect to do sth 期待做某事61 fall down 摔下来 62 fall off 从哪摔下来63 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么64 far

51、from 离某地远65 finish 完成+doing名词66 fit to sb = be fit for sb 合适某人67 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 68 get /have sth down 做完，被别人做 8.解题技巧一般说来讲解以下三种解题技法：1词语搭配a. 因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a filmb. 词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：take off有“脱下衣服，飞机起飞c. 因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要的意思。译成汉语时