牛津上海版高二英语-情态动词（自制超好用）教师版

1、.高二情态动词专题本部分主要讲几种情态动词的常见用法，特别是各种情态动词+完成时态的不同意义及注意点，让学生通过例句来总结知识点，合适自主学习性比较强的学员1.情态动词定义：情态动词又称情态助动词，无人称和数的变化，只能与行为动词或状态动词简称实义动词构成谓语；既有情态动词特殊，又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词。2.情态动词的分类及特点情态动词的分类1 只做情态动词：must, cancould, maymight 2 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare 3 具有情态动词特征：havehad, has to, used to, ought to 4 情态动词表猜测：一肯一否三不定

2、must一肯，must not一否，can, could, would三不定。情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词原形，否认式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有如今式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，如今或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 注意：助动词如do, did等与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是：

3、助动词本身没有词义表示人称和时态，而情态助动词那么有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since your last job? 构成完成进展体，本身无词义 I am afraid I must be going. 一定要 You may have read some account of the matter. 或许已经NO.1 can&could1. 用法1） 表示才能，指有才能做某事，意为“可以1 -“I dont think Mike can type. -“Yes, he can.2 I can

4、speak fluent English now, but I couldnt last year.2） 表示恳求和允许。表示恳求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉；意为“可否、可以。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3） 在肯定句中，表示理论性的可能性；译为“有时候会。要表达详细某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could, may, might。1 Im confident that a solution can

5、 be found.2 It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.实际可能性4） 用在否认、疑问或感慨句中，意为“可能。1 It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?5） 表示推测，用在否认句、疑问句和感慨句中，表示惊异、疑心、不相信等态度，意为“可能，可以(1) Can this be an excuse for not giving the

6、m help?(2) This cant be true.注意：1 could用来表示恳求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can即：could不能用于如今时态的简单答语中。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can. 否认答复可用：No, Im afraid not.Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't       B. shouldn't 

7、;     C. can't      D. may notKey: C2 can和be able to辨析cancould和be able to都可以表示才能，意思上没有区别。但can只有如今式和过去式，而be able to那么有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to be able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy. Are you sure youll be able to carry them on

8、 your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to来表示。这时，was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. 另外，表示“有才能抑制困难做成某事，还可用ma

9、nage to do或succeed in doing。如： Do you think shell manage to get a visa? The army succeeded in defeating their enemy.1 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out.  A. had to  B. would   C. could    D. was able to 2 -Will you stay for lunc

10、h?    -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't    B. I can't  C. I needn't  D. I won't Keys: 1 D 2BNO.2 may&might1. 用法1） 表示允许、答应。否认答复一般用must not/mustnt,表示“制止、阻止之意，但也可以用had better not 最好别或may not不可以，语气较为委婉。1May I come in and w

11、ait?2May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. 或No, youd better not.2） 在表示恳求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方答应在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1Might I borrow your pen?2I wonder if I might speak to your son.3） 表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否认句中，含有“或许“大概“可能之意；用might代替may时，那么语气显得更加不肯定。1It may rain this afternoon.2S

12、he might come to join us this afternoon.4） may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿1May you succeed.2Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。3May she rest in peace.愿她安息。5） 用于表让步的状语从句中1Try as he might, he could not get out the difficult.2Come what may, I will never desert you.6） might常用于表示委婉的恳求或细微的责备。1You might post this letter for me if

13、 you are going near a post box.2You might have let me know before!NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1） 用于第一人称表示说话人有义务，有必要做某事；用于第二、三人称表示命令或要求某人做某事。1You must come to school on time.2Everybody must obey the law.2） 答复带有must的问句时，否认答复常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必，而不用mustnt1Must I come back before ten?Yes, you m

14、ust.No, you neednt3） 表推断、预期或人以防止，意为“肯定是、必然会。1 It must be my mother.2You must be hungry after a walk.4） 表示“偏要、硬要：用于第二人称，意指不耐烦或令人不愉快的事；用于其它人称，表示主语固执或不巧，意为“偏偏1If you must smoke, you can go to the smoking section.2Why must you buy that car?5） must的否认有如下3种形式，用于不同场合：1表示“合理的推断和可能性时，否认意为“不可能；2 表示“义务和必要时，否认意

15、为“不必；3 表示“制止和批评时，否认意为“决不能。1It must be eleven oclock now. It cannot be eleven oclock now.2You mustnt park your car here.6） 可作名词，表示“必须有的东西做的事1Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.2Dont miss his latest play; its a must.2.have to用法1“必须，不得不，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to那么往往强调客观需要。1The film is

16、not interesting. I really must go now.2must只有一种形式，即如今式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to那么涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age.2I will have to learn how to use a computer.3两者的否认意义不同，mustnt表示“制止，不许，dont have to表示不必。1You mustnt go there.2You dont have to go there.NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1

17、用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或恳求指示，表示“商量斟酌1Shall I open the window?2Shall we say 6 oclock, then?2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、许诺或威胁。1Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.许诺2He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.警告3You shall do as I say. 命令4If you children dont do as I tell you, you

18、shall not go to the party. 威胁3在法律、条约、规章等文件中，无论主语人称如何， 一律用shall，表示义务、规定、预言等。1House owners shall keep their gardens in a neat and ordinary state. 义务2Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. 规定3Death is certain to all; all shall die. 预言2. should用法1表示劝告或建议或命令，同义词为“ought to；表示义务，意

19、指应该做，且有一种道义上的责任。1What should I do?2Should I trust him?2表示推测，用在肯定句中，对如今的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许1It should be a nice day tomorrow.2Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句一定用虚拟语气1Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.

20、 你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个 2Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. 万一我明天有时间，我就过来4用于疑问句或感慨句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会、竟然；在疑问句中与why，what，how，who连用，表示不合理，难以相信或不应该之事；类似构造还有“Im surprised; It worries me; Its a pity; You cant imagine1Why should anyone want to marry Tony?2Dont ask me. How should I know?例题1 Your brother seldom

21、comes to see you, _? A. does he   B. doesn't he   C. will he  D. isn't he2 It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _? A. won't we       B. will we      C. don't we       D

22、. shall weKeys: 1A 2DNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1） 用于表示意志、愿望和决心。will指如今，would指过去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. 他是个自行其是的人。2） 表示恳求、建议等，用would比用will委婉、客气2Will you please take a message for him?3） 表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于多用于第三人称。will至如今，would指过去。1 Fish will die without water.2People will talk. 人们总会说

23、闲话。4） 表示推测，意为“很可能，大概。will表示推测比should把握大，比must把握小。1These things will happen. 2That will be the messenger ringing.5表示自然规律指如今，有时可用如今时。1Oil and water will not mix.6用于对一个令人厌烦的坏习惯或对无生命物体进展批评假设仅陈述事实，不含厌烦情绪时，也可用如今时。1Whatever I do, my car wont start first time on cold mornings.7用在if条件句中：1表示意志，意为“insist on；2

24、表示有礼貌的恳求或劝阻，意为“be willing to；3 表示对将来行为的预示。 1If you will go out / insist on going out without a coat, you will catch a cold.2If you will make another try, I shall do everything to help you.3If the water will rise above this level, then we must warn everybody in the neighbourhood.8用于否认句中，意为“不肯、“不乐意，表示

25、“坚决地回绝1I wont listen to your nonsense.2No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.2. would用法1可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。比used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯的含义，常与every day, often, frequently 等连用。1During the vocation he would visit me every week.2In those days the old man would get up very early in the morning and go f

26、or a walk in the fields.例题1 Don't smoke in the meeting room, _ you?  A. do you B. will you    C. can you  D. could you2 - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I don't        B. I won't

27、0;       C. I can't       D. I haven'tKeys: 1B 2B注意：would与used to辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同如今没有联络。而used to那么着眼于过去和如今的比照，隐含如今已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规那么的习惯

28、，used to那么不可。如： He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1） 用于表示“需要，必要之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否认句和疑问句，只有

29、如今时，过去式要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称?,否认式用need not即needn't1You needn't have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did.2） 做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词一样，后接带to的不定式need doing = need to be done ,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑问式用do、does、did提问，否认式要在前面加don

30、't、doesn't、didn't1A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+名词, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解2. dare用法1用于表示“敢于之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否认句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1He darent admit this.2用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词一样。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否认句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。1Only a fe

31、w journalists dared to cover the story.2He doesnt dare to go there alone.例题1 I don't know whether he _ try.A. dare  B. needs   C. wants   D. is allowed2 -Shall I tell John about it?   - No, you _. I've told him already.A. needn't   &

32、#160; B. wouldn't      C. mustn't      D. shouldn't3 It's a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. can't        B. mustn't        C. needn't 

33、      D. may notKeys: 1A 2A 3C注意didnt need to do, 意为“不必做某事，如： We didnt need to take warm sweaters, as the weather was so good.neednt have done，意为“本不必做但实际上已经做了，如： We neednt have taken warm sweaters. We could have used the space in our luggage for more books!NO.6 ought to1表示“应

34、该之意1Ought I go now? Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.2表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别1He must be home by now. 断定他已到家2He ought to be home by now. 不非常肯定3This is where the oil must be. 比较直率4This is where the oil ought to be. 比较含蓄注意should与ought to 表示“应该时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该之意。假设要反映客观情况或

35、涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.专题精讲1. “Mike is often absent from class. “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.    A. shall      

36、0;      B. will C. would             D. can【参考答案】A【思路解析】shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：1 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：    Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？    Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子翻开吗？2 用于陈述句中表示许诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令

37、、规定、必然性等可用于各类人称。如：    You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。表威胁    Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。表规定    You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。表许诺2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so imp

38、ortant.    A. cannot             B. shouldnt C. mustnt           D. neednt【参考答案】A【思路解析】 cannottoo是英语中一个非常有用的表达，意为“不可能太，无论怎样也不算过分，越越。如：    You cant be too carefu

39、l. 你越仔细越好。    You cant praise the book too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。    We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。    A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。 注意：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：It is impossible to get th

40、ere too soon. 去那儿越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train? “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.    A. must               B. can C. need            

41、   D. may【参考答案】D【思路解析】may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不会坐火车来。句中的 He should 为 He shouldcome by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It _ true because there was little snow there

42、.     A. may not be        B. wont be C. couldnt be      D. mustnt be【参考答案】C【思路解析】此题最正确答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪，那么“滑雪就应是“不可能，所以选 couldnt be，即选C.5. You _ be right, but I dont think you a

43、re.    A. can      B. could       C. must       D. should【参考答案】B【思路解析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为如今时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最正确答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否认句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；

44、但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否认句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差异，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注意：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。 二是后接“beget, seem, become形容词，表示“有时会、“时常会等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。专题过

45、关1. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. should send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. don'

46、t we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _

47、 not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. - “He _ it.A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps th

48、ey have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustn't you B. needn'

49、;t you C. aren't you D. mayn't you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you12. - That must be a mistake.- No .it _ be.A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you tol

50、d him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is

51、studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day.A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to ma

52、ke my airline reservation 预订 but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in college.A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Don't you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone【参考答案】 15 AB

53、DDD 610 CBBBC 1115 BACBC 1620 ADAAC NO.7 情态动词+have done1. must have done1) 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进展推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事; 1She must have gone through a lot.2其否认式为“cant / couldnt have done，意为“决不可能，指“对过去行为有把握的否认。2They cant have gone out, because the light is on.2. may/might have done1表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“很有可能；1They

54、 might have seen the film before.2常用于虚拟语气中；1If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3“might have done用于提出批评，表示责备或忠告等，还可表示“将来某时或许已经完成，这时，句中常有将来时间状语，或句子描绘的是将来某个时候会发生的事。用might那么表示语气更加不肯定。1You might have told me about the party!2 Call me next Tuesday; I might have finished the proj

55、ect by then.3. canhave done cannot have done1 could have done 用于对过去可能性的推断，意为“可能，在肯定句中，指“某事可能是事实或可能会发生；用于疑问句或否认句，表示对过去情况的疑心、否认或惊讶；1John could have posted the letter. 对是否已将信发出无把握2） could have done 意为“本来可以；差点就要，指“某事可能发生但实际上未发生常用于虚拟语气，表示可惜、遗憾等；2You could have done better, but you didnt try you best.3） c

56、an have done 仅用于否认和疑问句，表示从如今目光看过去发生的事情，但“could + have done既可表示从如今的目光看还可表示从过去的某个时间点看之前发生的事情。3She cant have fixed the computer, its still not working properly.4. might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事之意，含有细微的责备语气。1You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2H

57、e might have given him more help, though he was busy.5. should/ought to have done1 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否认句时，那么表示不该做的事反而做了; 1He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2) 用于对过去的推断，说话人认为“按理应当、理应如此，说话人不能肯定，只是试探性地得出结论，语气婉转；1You shouldnt have done it so carelessly3) 对已发

58、生的事表示“惊奇、绝望、愤怒等情绪。1Its strange that he should have left without telling us.6. neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事1You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.7. will/would have done用于推测过去，意为“想必、可以肯定，指“说话人确信某事已发生，但并不确知，并用于二、三人称：1） 假如以如今为时间点，可以用“will have done；1We sent the invitations on M