利用键盘控制点阵进行点阵显示

1、中北大学课 程 设 计 说 明 书   学生姓名:田晓春 学 号： 0606024114学院:电子与计算机科学技术学院 专业: 微电子学题目:利用键盘控制点阵进行 十六进制加法计数显示  指导教师：沈三民职称:讲师   2009 年 7 月 11 日目录目录21、课程设计目的32、课程设计内容和要求32.1、设计内容32.2、设计要求33、设计方案及实现情况33.1、设计思路33.2、工作原理及框图43.3、各模块功能描述43.4、仿真结果83.5、实验箱验证情况2

2、24、课程设计总结235、参考文献231、课程设计目的1.学习操作数字电路设计实验开发系统，掌握矩阵键盘输入模块和点阵显示模块的工作原理及应用。2.掌握组合逻辑电路、时序逻辑电路的设计方法。3.学习掌握可编程器件设计的全过程。2、课程设计内容和要求：2.1、设计内容利用键盘控制点阵实现十六进制加法计数，主要包括键盘控制模块、自动计数模块、功能控制模块和点阵显示模块。2.2、设计要求1学习掌握键盘控制模块、点阵显示模块的工作原理及应用；2. 熟练掌握VHDL编程语言，编写键盘控制模块的控制逻辑；3. 仿真所编写的程序，模拟验证所编写的模块功能；4. 下载程序到芯片中，硬件验证所设置的功能，能够实

3、现十六进制数字的显示；5. 整理设计内容，编写设计说明书。3、 设计方案及实现情况3.1、设计思路根据题目设计要求，本系统拟采用自顶向下设计方法，顶层采用原理图设计方法，将整个系统分为键盘控制（KEYBOARD）、自动计数（AUTO）、功能控制（CONTROL）、16×16点阵显示（LEDDISP）四个模块，通过对各模块编写程序实现模块功能，最后将四个模块进行综合实现整个系统的功能，通过键盘控制点阵进行十六进制加法计数显示。3.2、工作原理及框图图1 系统整体设计原理图系统的输入信号有：开关（允许输入及显示）信号RST，系统时钟信号CLK，按键信号（KININ3.0）。系统

4、的输出信号有：点阵行驱动输出信号（LEDOUT0.15），点阵列选信号（SEL3.0），进位输出信号CO。系统的工作过程为：在开关信号RST（低电平有效）为低电平时，矩阵键盘不工作，16×16点阵没有显示；当开关信号RST为高电平时，整个系统工作，当在矩阵键盘上按下按键后，16×16点阵会显示出一个1位十六进制数,在进行功能操作时，每按下一次NEXT键时，点阵上显示的键值加1，当加到F时，进位输出CO输出高电平，点亮发光二极管；当按下ENTER键时，点阵屏循环显示0F键值，显示F时，进位输出CO输出高电平，点亮发光二极管。3.3、各模块功能描述（1）矩阵键盘输入模块（KEY

5、BOARD）实验箱中4×8矩阵键盘的电路原理图如图2所示。图2 4×8矩阵键盘电路原理图该矩阵键盘的工作原理为：扫描信号为BCOM8.1，在BCOM8.1前已接有一个3-8译码器，3-8译码器的输入为SEL0SEL2。当3-8译码器的输入为000时，即BCOM1为0，其他位为1，我们按下第一排第一键，此时KIN0输出0，KIN1KIN3输出全为1，按下第二排第二键时，KIN1输出0，其他输出1；当3-8译码器输入为001时，即BCOM2为0，我们按下第一排第二键，此时KIN0输出0，KIN1KIN3输出全为1，同理其他键依此类推。键盘上的每个按键就是一个开关，当某键被按下时

6、，该按键的接点会呈现0状态，反之为1。扫描信号为SEL2.0进入3-8译码器，再从译码器输出到键盘，所以第一次只能扫描一排，依此周而复始。若从KIN3.0输出的皆为1时，表示没有按键按下，代表该列没有按键被按下，则不进行按键编码的操作，反之，如果有被按下时，则应将KIN3.0读出的值送到译码电路进行编码。按键位置与数码的关系如下表所示：SEL2SEL0KIN3KIN0对应的按键按键功能00011100数字011016数字61011LAST功能键0111CTRL功能键00111101数字111017数字71011STEP功能键0111EMPTY1扩展101011102数字21101REG功能键1

7、011C字母C0111EMPTY2扩展201111103数字31101EXEC功能键1011D字母D0111EMPTY3扩展31001110MEM功能键11018数字81011E字母E0111EMPTY4扩展41011110ESC功能键11019数字91011F字母F0111SHIFT功能键11011104数字41101A字母A1011NEXT功能键0111NONE无定义11111105数字51101B字母B1011ENTER功能键0111NONE无定义在设计该模块时，因为要实现十六进制数的显示，所以在KEYBOARD的模块中的p3进程依据上表描述了按键位置与数码的关系，实现了键盘输入输出的功

8、能。KOUT4.0为键盘扫描后的对应的译码输出；CP为时钟CLK的四分频后的输出；Q1.0对按下的键值进行标志：“00”表示按下0F之间的键值、“01”表示按下NEXT按键、“10”表示按下ENTER按键、“11”表示按下其它按键。键盘控制模块如图3所示。图3 4×8矩阵键盘控制模块引脚功能图（2）十六进制自动计数模块（AUTO）该模块在CLK脉冲作用下能够实现从“00000”“01111”之间循环加法计数，并通过DATAUTO4.0将计数值输出送CONTROL模块执行操作。十六进制自动计数模块如图4所示。图4 十六进制自动计数模块引脚功能图（3）功能控制模块（CONTROL）该模块

9、实现对点阵显示方式的控制，控制模块的引脚功能如图5所示，其中：CLK为时钟输入端；RST为复位端，低电平有效；Q1.0为功能方式输入端；DATAIN4.0接收来自KEYBOARD模块送来的键值；DATAUTO4.0接收自动计数模块AUTO送来的计数值；当按下键盘上0F之间的数值时，DATAOUT4.0输出键值码。每当在键盘上按下一次NEXT键时，输出的键值加1，当加到F时，再次按下NEXT键时，显示为0，进位输出CO为高电平，点亮一个发光二极管；当在键盘上按下ENTER键时，输出从0开始到F循环计数，当计数到F时，进位输出CO为高电平，点亮一个发光二极管。图5 功能控制模块引脚功能图（4）16

10、×16点阵显示模块（LEDISP）16×16点阵显示，各驱动接口为：第一行到第十六行对应的为L0L15，第一列到第十六列驱动采用4-16译码，对应的接口为SEL0SEL3。具体对应关系见下表：点阵显示接口对应关系表：SEL3SEL2SEL1SEL0点亮列号1111第1列1110第2列1101第3列1100第4列1011第5列1010第6列1001第7列1000第8列0111第9列0110第10列0101第11列0100第12列0011第13列0010第14列0001第15列0000第16列图6 16×16点阵控制接口引脚功能图控制器的引脚功能图如图6所示，其中：C

11、H4.0为显示十六进制数模式选择，高电平有效；LEDOUT15.0为行驱动信号输出；SEL 3.0为列选信号输出。16×16点阵工作原理为：当CHAR输入是“00000”时，要实现16×16点阵显示数字“0”， 行驱动信号SEGOUT15.0根据实现数字图形的要求，事先已编写好各列相应的代码，列选信号SEL 3.0按如下形式依次循环：00000001001011101111，通过416译码器译码后对点阵的各列进行扫描，当某点列和行都为“1”时，该点被点亮。同理其他数字图形显示依此类推。3.4、仿真结果1、VHDL语言源程序（1）键盘控制模块源程序（KEYBOARD.VHD）

12、library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity keyboard isport ( clk ,rst : in std_logic; kin : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0); cp : out std_logic; q : out std_logic_vector (1 downto 0); sel : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0); kout : out std_logic_vector (4 downto

13、 0) );end keyboard;architecture keyboard_arc of keyboard is signal counter : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal counter1 : std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); signal counter2 : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0); signal colsel,Y,M : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0); signal clk1,ktest,kdown: std_logic; signal a : s

14、td_logic_vector(3 downto 0); signal b : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);beginktest<=kin(3) and kin(2) and kin(1) and kin(0);p1: process(rst,clk) begin if(rst='0') then counter1<="00" elsif(clk'event and clk='1') then counter1<=counter1+1; end if; end process p1; c

15、lk1<='0' when counter1<="01" else '1' cp<=clk1;p2: process(rst,clk1,ktest) begin if(rst='0') then counter<="0000" elsif(clk1'event and clk1='1') then if(ktest='0') or (kdown='0') then counter<=counter; else counte

16、r<=counter+1; end if; end if; end process p2; sel<=counter;p3:process(clk,ktest) begin a<=kin; b<=counter(2) & counter(1) & counter(0); case b is when "000"=> case a is when "1110"=>Y<="00000" when "1101"=>Y<="00110"

17、;when "1011"=>Y<="11111"when "0111"=>Y<="11111" when others=>null; end case; when "001"=> case a is when "1110"=>Y<="00001" when "1101"=>Y<="00111"when "1011"=>Y<=&

18、quot;11111"when "0111"=>Y<="11111" when others=>null; end case; when "010"=> case a is when "1110"=>Y<="00010"when "1101"=>Y<="11111" when "1011"=>Y<="01100"when "0111&qu

19、ot;=>Y<="11111" when others=>null; end case; when "011"=> case a is when "1110"=>Y<="00011"when "1101"=>Y<="11111" when "1011"=>Y<="01101"when "0111"=>Y<="11111" wh

20、en others=>null; end case; when "100"=> case a iswhen "1110"=>Y<="11111" when "1101"=>Y<="01000" when "1011"=>Y<="01110"when "0111"=>Y<="11111" when others=>null; end case; when

21、 "101"=> case a iswhen "1110"=>Y<="11111" when "1101"=>Y<="01001" when "1011"=>Y<="01111"when "0111"=>Y<="11111" when others=>null; end case; when "110"=> case a is wh

22、en "1110"=>Y<="00100" when "1101"=>Y<="01010" when "1011"=>Y<="10000" when others=>null; end case; when "111"=> case a is when "1110"=>Y<="00101" when "1101"=>Y<=&q

23、uot;01011" when "1011"=>Y<="10001" when others=>null; end case; when others=>null; end case; end process p3;p4: process(ktest,clk,rst) begin if(rst='0') then counter2<="00000" kdown<='1' elsif(clk'event and clk='1') the

24、n if(ktest='0') then counter2<="00000" kdown<='0' elsif(counter2<"11110") then counter2<=counter2+1; if(counter2="11100") then kdown<='1' end if; end if; end if; end process p4;p5: process(kdown,rst) begin if(rst='0') then

25、colsel<="00000" elsif(kdown'event and kdown='1') thenif(Y<"10000")thenq<="00"colsel<=Y;M<=Y;elsif(Y="10000")thenq<="01"M<=M+1;colsel<=M;elsif(Y="10001")thenq<="10"elsif(Y="11111")th

26、enq<="11"end if; end if; end process p5; kout<=colsel;end keyboard_arc;(2) 自动计数模块源程序（AUTO.VHD）library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;entity auto isport(clk,rst : in std_logic;datauto : out std_logic_vector(4 downto 0) );e

27、nd auto;architecture auto_arch of auto isbeginprocess(clk)variable cnt : integer ;variable tmp : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0) ;beginif(rst='0')thentmp:="00000"elsif( clk'event and clk='1')thenif cnt<10000 then cnt:=cnt+1;else cnt:=0;if tmp="01111" then tmp:

28、="00000" else tmp:=tmp+1; end if; end if; end if;datauto<=tmp;end process ;end auto_arch;(3)功能控制模块源程序（CONTROL.VHD）library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;entity control isport(rst,clk : in std_logic;q : in std_logic_vector(1

29、downto 0); datain : in std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);datauto : in std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);dataout : out std_logic_vector(4 downto 0); co : out std_logic );end control;architecture control_arc of control issignal s : std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);beginprocess(q,rst,clk,datain) begin if(rst='0&

30、#39;)thendataout<="00000"co<='0' elsif (clk'event and clk='1') thenif (q="00") thendataout<=datain; elsif (q="01") then s<=datain;dataout<=s;if(s>"01111") thendataout<="00000"co<='1'end if;elsif (q=

31、"10")thendataout<=datauto;if(datauto="01111")thenco<='1'end if;elsif (q="11")thendataout<="11111"end if; end if;end process;end control_arc;(4)16×16点阵显示模块（LEDDISP.VHD）library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.al

32、l;entity leddisp isport( sel :in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); ch :in std_logic_vector(4 downto 0); ledout :out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0) );end leddisp;architecture leddisp_arc of leddisp isbegin process(ch,sel) begin case ch is when "00000"=>case sel iswhen "0000" => l

33、edout<="0000000000000000" -0 when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case;when "00001" =>case sel iswhen "0000" => ledout<="00000

34、00000000000" -1 when "0001" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "0010" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "0011" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "0100" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when &q

35、uot;0101" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "1100" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "1101" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1111" => ledout&

36、lt;="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "00010" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -2 when "0001" => ledout<="0000000000010000" when "1110" => ledout<="00000000

37、00000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "00011" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -3 when "0001" => ledout<="0000000000100000" whe

38、n "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "00100" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -4 when "0001"

39、 => ledout<="0000000000100100" when "0010" => ledout<="0000000000100100" when "0011" => ledout<="0000000000100100" when "1001" => ledout<="0000001000100100" when "1010" => ledout<="0000

40、000100100000" when "1011" => ledout<="0000000110100000" when "1100" => ledout<="0000000011100000" when "1101" => ledout<="0000000001100000" when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when &quo

41、t;1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "00101" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -5 when "0001" => ledout<="0000000001100000" when "1101" =>

42、 ledout<="0000000000011000" when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "00110" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="000

43、0000000000000" -6 when "0001" => ledout<="0000000001110000" when "1101" => ledout<="0000001111110000" when "1110" => ledout<="0000000011000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when

44、others => null; end case; when "00111" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -7 when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null;

45、 end case; when "01000" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -8 when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000010000" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when &q

46、uot;01001" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -9 when "0001" => ledout<="0000001111000000" when "1110" => ledout<="0000001000000000" when "1111" => ledout<="00000000000000

47、00" when others => null; end case; when "01010" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000100" -A when "0001" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "0010" => ledout<="0000000000011100" when &quo

48、t;0011" => ledout<="0000000001111100"when "0100" => ledout<="0000000111111100" when "1011" => ledout<="0000000111100100" when "1100" => ledout<="0000000000111100" when "1101" => ledout<

49、="0000000000001100" when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when others => null; end case; when "01011" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="00000000000000

50、00" -B when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when others => null; end case; when "01100" => -12 case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -C when "1110" => ledout<="0000001111100000" wh

51、en "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "01101" => -13 case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -D when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others =>

52、; null; end case; when "01110" => -14 case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000010000" -E when "1110" => ledout<="0000000000000100" when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end ca

53、se; when "01111" => -15 case sel is when "1111" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when others => null; end case; when "11111" => case sel is when "0000" => ledout<="0000000000000000" -NULL when "0001" => ledout<="0000000000000000" when "0010" => ledout<="00