地学词汇对照

1、GIS英文词汇翻译Source text翻译abscissa横坐标absolute accuracy绝对精度absolute coordinates绝对坐标absorption吸收abstraction抽取accuracy精度across-track scanner跨径扫描仪active remote sensing主动遥感Add Data添加数据address geocoding地址地理编码address locator地址定位器address matching地址匹配Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer高级甚高分辨率辐射仪agreement li

2、censee协议被许可人air station航摄站alidade照准仪along-track scanner沿径扫描仪alphanumeric grid字母数字网格anaglyph视差立体图analog image模拟图像analysis mask分析掩模anisotropy各向异性antipode对跖点apogee远地点arc弧architecture架构archive档案argument参数arithmetic expression算术表达式aspatial data非空间数据aspect ratio纵横比astrolabe星盘atlas grid地图集网格atmospheric win

3、dow大气窗口atomic clock原子钟attenuation衰减authentication身份验证author作者autocorrelation自相关automated cartography自动化制图automation scale自动化比例autovectorization自动矢量化axis轴azimuthal projection方位投影backscatter后向散射band波段band ratio波段比band-pass filter带通滤波器bandwidth带宽bar scale比例尺 (图形比例尺)base layer底层base station基站batch批量batc

4、h geocoding批量地理编码batch processing批处理batch vectorization批量矢量化bathymetric curve等深线battleships grid战舰网格Bayesian statistics贝叶斯统计bearing方位角Bézier curve贝塞尔曲线bilinear interpolation双线性内插法binding绑定binomial distribution二项式分布biogeography生物地理学blind digitizing盲目数字化block group街区群block kriging块段克里金法bookmark书签

5、boolean1.布尔数据类型; 2.布尔值Boolean operator布尔运算符boundary边界boundary line界线boundary monument界标boundary survey边界测量bounding rectangle边界矩形Bowditch rule包狄法则break point断点breakline断裂线browser浏览器buffer area缓冲区business logic业务逻辑CAD计算机辅助设计(computer-aided design)cadastral survey地籍测量cadastre地籍calibration校准,定标callout l

6、ine标注线camera station摄站capacity容量cardinal point方位基点cardinality基数Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系cartogram统计图cartographer制图员cartography制图学cartouche地图饰框catalog tree目录树catchment流域categorical raster类目栅格celestial sphere天球cell size栅格大小cells栅格cellular automaton元胞自动机census block人口普查区块census geography人口普查地理学

7、center中心点centerline中心线centerpoint中点central meridian中央子午线centroid重心chart图表chi-square statistic卡方统计choropleth map面量图chroma色度chronometer天文钟circle圆circular variance圆方差civilian code民用码Clarke Belt克拉克带Clarke ellipsoid克拉克椭球Clarke spheroid克拉克椭球面clearinghouse(信息或服务)交换中心clinometric map坡度图code-phase GPS码相位 GPSc

8、ognitive map认知图coincident重叠cokriging协同克里金法command命令command line命令行compass north罗经北compass point罗经点compass rose罗经盘compass rule罗盘仪法则compression program压缩程序computational geometry计算几何学conformal projection等角投影,保角投影,正形投影conformality保形性conic projection圆锥投影conjoint boundary共同边界constant azimuth恒定方位containmen

9、t包含Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata数字地理空间元数据的内容标准continuous raster连续栅格contour等高线,等值线contour drawings等高线图,等值线图contour interval等高线间距,等值线间距contour line等高线,等值线contour tagging等高线标注,等值线标注contrast ratio对比度contrast stretch对比度扩展convergence angle收敛角conversion转换convex hull凸包coordinate geometry坐

10、标几何学coordinate system坐标系coordinated universal time协调世界时correlation相关corridor analysis走廊分析, 廊道分析county subdivision县级分区covariance协方差coverage1.覆盖面；2.ESRI图层cracking裂化Crandall ruleCrandall 法则crop guide裁切参考线crop marks裁切标记cross correlation交叉相关cross covariance交叉协方差cross tabulation交叉表cross validation交叉验证cros

11、s variogram交叉变差函数cubic convolution立方卷积插值法cultural feature人文要素cultural geography文化地理学curb approach路边通道curve fitting曲线拟合customizations自定义cylindrical projection圆柱投影dangle length悬线长度dangle tolerance悬线容差dangling arc悬弧dasymetric mapping分区制图（多用于人口数据）data management数据管理data table数据表dataset数据集datum基准DBMS数据库管

12、理系统(data-base management system)dead reckoning航位推测法declination1.偏角;2.磁偏角degree slope坡度Delaunay triangulation德洛内三角delimiter分隔符demography人口统计学densify增密densitometer密度计density slicing密度分割deploy部署或安装（硬件、软件等）depression contour洼地等高线depth contour等深线depth curve深度曲线descending node降交点desire-line analysis期望线分析d

13、esktop桌面desktop clients桌面客户端Desktop GIS桌面 GISdestination目标determinate flow direction确定性流向deterministic model确定性模型detrending趋势分离developable surface可展表面developer开发人员development environment开发环境diazo process重氮晒印法difference差异differential correction差分校正differential Global Positioning System差分全球定位系统diffusi

14、on扩散Digital elevation model数字高程模型Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard数字化地理信息交换标准Digital Geographic Information Working Group数字地理信息工作组digital image processing数字图像处理digital line graph数字线划图digital nautical chart数字海图digital number数值digital orthophoto quadrangle数字正射影像图digital orthophoto quart

15、er quadrangle数字正射影像象限图digital raster graphic数字栅格图digital terrain elevation data数字地形高程数据digital terrain model数字地形模型digitizer数字化仪Dijkstras algorithm狄捷斯特拉算法dilution of precision精度衰减因子dimension尺寸，维，维度directed network flow有向网络流direction方向Dirichlet tessellation荻瑞斯莱特镶嵌，荻瑞斯莱特剖分discovery发现discrete data离散数据di

16、screte digitizing离散数字化discrete raster离散栅格数据displacement位移display scale显示比例display unit显示单位dissemination扩散,传播distance距离distance decay距离衰减distance unit距离单位distortion变形district地区dithering抖动diurnal arc周日弧docking停靠Doppler shift多普勒位移Doppler-aided GPS多普勒辅助 GPSdot density map点密度图dot distribution map点分布图doub

17、le precision双精度double-coordinate precision双坐标精度Douglas-Peucker algorithm道格拉斯-普克算法downstream下游drafting描绘draping叠加，披盖drift漂移drive-time area驾车时间区drop-down list下拉列表drum scanner鼓式扫描仪Dual Independent Map Encoding双重独立坐标地图编码dynamic zoom动态缩放easting东距eccentricity偏心率ecliptic黄道edge边edgematching边缘匹配elastic trans

18、formation弹性变形electromagnetic spectrum电磁光谱electronic atlas电子地图集electronic navigational chart电子航海图element元素elevation guide高程指南ellipsoid椭球体ellipticity椭圆率end offset末端偏移endpoint端点enterprise GIS企业级 GISentity objects实体对象envelope包络矩形environmental model环境模型ephemeris星历表equal competition area平等竞争区equal-area cl

19、assification等积分类equal-area projection等积投影equal-interval classification等距分类equatorial plane赤道面equidistant projection等距投影ESRI DataESRI 数据event事件exponent指数export导出exposure station摄站expression表达式extended扩展extent范围extrapolation外插法extrude拉伸extrusion拉伸face平面false easting东移假定值false northing北移假定值feature要素Fed

20、eral Geographic Data Committee美国联邦地理数据委员会field字段fill填充fillet圆角filter过滤器，过滤flow direction流向flow map流向图focal analysis邻域分析focal functions邻域函数form地形，形式fractal分形framework框架frequency频率from-node起点Full Extent完整范围fuzzy boundary模糊边界fuzzy classification模糊分类fuzzy set模糊集合fuzzy tolerance模糊容差Gauss-Krüger proj

21、ection高斯-克吕格投影generalization概化，（数据库或地图的）综合技术geocentric coordinate system地心坐标系geocode地理编码geocoding地理编码geocomputation地理计算geodata地理数据geodatabase地理数据库geodatabase data model地理数据库数据模型geodataset地理数据集geodesic测地线geodetic测地学geographic coordinate system地理坐标系geographic information science地理信息学Geographic Informa

22、tion System (GIS)地理信息系统 (GIS)geography地理学geography level地理等级Geography Markup Language地理标记语言geoid大地水准面geoid-ellipsoid separation大地水准面-地球椭球面分离geolocation几何定位geometric coincidence几何重叠geometric correction几何校正geometric dilution of precision几何精度衰减因子geometric network几何网络geometric transformation几何变换geometry

23、几何学geomorphology地貌学geoprocessing地理处理georectification地理校正georeference地理参考georeferencing地理参考georelational data model地理相关数据模型geospatial data地理空间数据geospatial data clearinghouse地理空间数据交换中心geospatial technology地理空间技术geospecific model地学相关模型geostationary对地静止geostatistics地理统计学geosynchronous对地同步geotypical mode

24、l典型地理模型GIS地理信息系统GIScience地理信息学Global Navigation Satellite System全球卫星导航系统Global Positioning System全球定位系统global spatial data infrastructure全球空间数据基础架构glyph字形gnomonic projection日晷投影Go to XY转至 XYGPS全球定位系统grad梯度 (原英文单词可能有误)gradian梯度gradient坡度，斜率graticule经纬网gravimeter重力计gravimetric geodesy大地重力学gravity mode

25、l引力模型gray scale灰度great circle大圆Greenwich mean time格林尼治标准时间Greenwich meridian格林尼治子午线grid网格grid cell网格单元ground大地,地面GUIGUI (图形用户界面)hachure晕渲线Hamiltonian circuit汉密尔顿回路Hamiltonian path汉密尔顿路径height高度Helmert transformation线性正形变换hemisphere半球heuristic试探算法，试探函数hexadecimal十六进制High Accuracy Reference Network高精度

26、基准网High Precision Geodetic Network高精度大地基准网hillshading坡面阴影，晕渲histogram equalization直方图均衡化hole孔洞horizontal geodetic datum水平大地基准human geography人文地理学hydrography水文地理学hydrologic cycle水循环hydrology水文学hyperlink超链接hypsography测高学，地势图hypsometric curve等高线hypsometric map地势图hypsometry测高法Identify识别identity link一致性链

27、接illumination照度image coordinate图像坐标image data图像数据image division图像除法运算image scale图像比例尺image space图像空间imager成像仪impedance阻抗import导入IMSIMS (网络地图服务器,Internet Map Server)incident energy入射能量index索引index map索引图infrared scanner红外扫描仪infrastructure基础设施inset map插图instance实例instantiation实例化integer data整数型数据integ

28、ration集成intensity亮度interactive vectorization交互矢量化interchange format交换格式interferogram干涉图intermediate data中间数据international date line国际日期变更线international meridian国际子午线International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织interpolation内插法interrupted projection分瓣投影intrinsic stationarity内在稳态inverse distan

29、ce weighted interpolation反距离加权内插法irregular triangular mesh不规则三角网irregular triangular surface model不规则三角面模型isanomal等地平isarithm等数线isobar等压线isochrone等时线isohyet等雨量线isolines等值线isometric line等容线isopleth等值线isotherm等温线isotropy无向性iteration迭代iterative procedure迭代过程jaggies锯齿Jenks optimization詹克斯优化joint operati

30、ons graphic联合作战地图junction element交点元素kernel内核key identifier主标识符kinematic positioning动态定位knockout分离区 (信号或通讯的中断)known point已知点Kohonen map柯霍南图kriging克里金法label标签labeling标注lag间隔land cover土地覆盖land information system土地信息系统land use土地利用landform地形landmark地标Landsat陆地卫星landscape ecology景观生态学large scale大比例尺latti

31、ce点阵面layers层layout布局least squares最小二乘法level水平leveling水平测量library类库license许可证license agreement许可协议licensee被许可人lidar激光雷达line线line feature线要素line of sight视线line simplification线条简化line smoothing线条平滑linear dimension线性尺寸linear feature线性要素linear interpolation线性内插法linear referencing线性参考 (用于交通GIS)linear unit

32、线性单位localization本地化location query位置查询location-allocation位置分配location-based services基于位置的服务logarithm对数logical network逻辑网络loop traverse闭合导线loxodrome恒向线magnetic bearing磁方位magnetometer磁力计majority resampling多数重新采样map algebra地图代数map collar地图边缘map display地图显示map document地图文档map element地图元素map extent地图范围map

33、 feature地图要素map generalization地图概化,地图综合map projection地图投影map query地图查询map reading地图阅读map scale地图比例尺map series地图系列map service地图服务map sheet地图map style地图风格map unit地图单位mapping制图mask掩模mass point散点mathematical operator数学运算符matrix矩阵mean center平均中心mean sea level平均海平面mean stationarity平均稳态Measure测量measure val

34、ue测量值measurement residual测量残差median中间数median center平均中心mental map意境图meridian子午线metadata元数据metropolitan statistical area大都市统计区microdensitometer测微密度计micrometer1.测微计; 2.微米minimum bounding rectangle最小边界矩形minimum map unit最小地图单位minor axis短轴misclosure闭合差Mitigation减轻mobile clients移动客户端Mobile GIS移动 GISmodel模

35、型monument标石morphology形态学mosaic镶嵌图mud pit泥浆池multichannel receiver多频道接收器multidimensional data多维数据multipart feature多部分要素multipatch feature带纹理要素multiplexing channel receiver多路复用频道接收器multipoint feature多点要素multispectral scanner多光谱扫描仪multivariate analysis多元分析My Places我的位置National Spatial Data Infrastructur

36、e美国国家空间数据基础设施natural breaks classification自然分类navigation导航NavstarNavstar (美国国防部全球定位系统联合服务项目)neighborhood statistics邻域统计networked联网node节点noncoterminous polygon非相连多边形nonversioned非版本normal distribution正态分布normal probability distribution正态概率分布northing北距oblate ellipsoid扁椭球体oblate spheroid扁椭球面offset偏移oill

37、 spill溢油 (原文oill 应为Oil)Online GIS在线 GISOpen Geodata Interoperability Specification开放地理空间数据互操作规范Open Geospatial Consortium开放地理空间协会open traverse不闭合导线OpenGIS ConsortiumOpenGIS 协会OpenLSOpenLS (OpenGIS所包含的Open Location Service)operand运算数operator运算符optical center光学中心ordinal data序数数据ordinary kriging普通克里金法o

38、rdinate纵坐标Ordnance Survey英国陆地测量局orientation方向origin point原点orthogonal offset正交偏移orthographic正交orthomorphic正形orthophoto正射影像orthophotograph正射影像orthophotoquad无等高线正射影像orthophotoscope正射投影仪orthorectification正射校正outlier异常值outline vectorization轮廓矢量化output data输出数据overlay重叠overprinting套印overview map总览图pan平移p

39、anchromatic sharpening全色锐化parallax bar视差尺parameter参数parametric curve参数曲线passive remote sensing被动遥感passive sensors被动传感器path路径pathfinding路径搜寻peak山峰percent slope斜率perigee近地点persistence持久性photogeology摄影地质学photogrammetry摄影测量学photomap摄影地图photometer光度计physical geography自然地理学pit洼地，山谷placement放置planar coordi

40、nate system平面坐标系planar enforcement平面强化planarize平面化plane平面planimetric map平面图planimetric shift平面位移platform平台plot绘图plotter绘图仪plumb line铅垂线point点point digitizing点数字化point event点事件point feature点要素point line点线point mode digitizing点模式数字化point size点大小point-in-polygon overlay多边形内点重叠polar aspect极方位坡向polar fla

41、ttening极向扁率polar orbit极轨道polar radius极半径policy and management政策与管理polygon overlay多边形重叠polyhedron多面体polyline折线position位置postal code邮政编码precision code精确码prime meridian本初子午线prime vertical东西圈probability map概率图profile graph剖面图projected coordinate system投影坐标系projective transformation射影变换prolate ellipsoid长

42、椭球体property属性proximity analysis邻近分析proximity query邻近分析pseudo node伪节点pseudo-random number伪随机数Public Land Survey System美国公共土地测量系统pyramid金字塔QQ plotQQ 图quadrangle maps梯形图幅quadrant象限quadrat analysis样方分析quadtree四叉树quantile分位数quantile classification分位数分类quantile scatter chart分位数散点图quantitative data数量数据quan

43、titative geography数量地理学query查询radar altimeter雷达测高计radar interferometry雷达干涉测量radian弧度radiation辐射radio button单选按钮radio waves无线电波radiometer辐射计radiometric辐射测量radius半径random noise随机噪声range范围,距离range domain范围域,距离域raster栅格raster band栅格层raster cell栅格单元raster data model栅格数据模型raster dataset band栅格数据层raster mo

44、del栅格模型raster preprocessing栅格预处理raster snapping栅格贴齐raster tracing栅格跟踪rasterization栅格化ratioing比值法ray tracing光线跟踪RDBMS关系数据库管理系统reclassification重分类record记录record selector记录选择器rectangular survey矩形测量rectification校正rectilinear直线,纵横线redistricting重新区划reference data参考数据reference grid参考网格reference level基准面ref

45、erence map基准图reference spheroid参考椭球面reference system参考系统referential integrity参照完整性reflectance反射率reflected back反射region地区，区域regression回归relational join关系结合relational operator关系运算符relationship关系relative accuracy相对精度relative bearing相对方位relative mode相对模式relative path相对路径Release of hazardous liquids有害液体的

46、泄漏relief efforts救助relief shading地貌晕渲remote-sensing imagery遥感图像replaced hachuring替代晕渲法replication复制representation表示法，表现representative fraction数字比例尺reprojection重新投影resampling重采样residuals残差resolution merging分辨率融合restriction限制reverse geocoding反地理编码rhumb line恒向线ring圆环ring study圆环分析river addressing河道寻址rot

47、ation旋转route路线row行R-treeR 树satellite image卫星图像satellite imagery卫星图像saturation饱和度scalable可伸缩scale bar比例尺scale factor比例系数scale range比例尺范围scatter chart散点图scene场景,景(卫星图像单位)schema架构seamless pan无缝平移secant projection正割投影section弧段segment线段self-organizing map自组织影射图semantics语义semimajor axis半长轴semiminor axis半短

48、轴semivariogram半变差函数sensitivity analysis敏感度分析sensor传感器sequence序列sequential analysis顺序分析serialization序列化Server GIS服务器 GISsextant六分仪shaded relief image晕渲地貌图shaded relief map晕渲地貌图shading晕渲shape形状shapefile形状文件(ESRI数据格式)shield盾牌,(地质学)地盾shift位移shortcuts快捷方式short-range variation短程变化signal信号signal-to-noise r

49、atio信噪比signature特征significance level显著性水平sill基台simple kriging简单克里金法simultaneous conveyance同时传达sink端点，汇点site prospecting选址分析slope坡度smooth平滑snapping tolerance捕捉容差soil土壤sonar声纳soundex语音编码算法source起点，源点source data源数据space coordinate system空间坐标系spaghetti data无位相数据spaghetti digitizing无位相数字化spatial analysis空间分析s