外研版初中英语各册知识点(外研版)

1、WORD格式初一上册各模块知识点及考试重点名词所所有格：表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's, students' rooms, father'sshoes 。(2). 如复数结尾不是 s 的仍加's，如： Children's Day 。(3). 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk ，ten miles' journey ，a boat's length ，two pounds'weight, ten dollars

2、9; worth 。(4). 无生命名词的所有格那么必须用of 构造，例如：a map of China ，the end of thisterm ， the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。特殊情况：the key to the door/ the answer to the questionthe ticket for the concert(5). 双重所有格，例如： a friend of my father's 。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，那么表示“分别有 ，例如： John's

3、 andMary's rooms 约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间；Tom's and Mary's bikes两人各自的自行车。两个名词并列，只有一个's，那么表示“共有 ，例如： John and Mary's room约翰和玛丽共有一间 ；Tom and Mary's mother 即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹。名词复数的不规那么变化专业资料整理WORD格式单复数通同形：人们说汉语和日语，瑞士人喜欢绵羊、鹿和雨专业资料整理WORD格式fish、 sheep 、 deer 、people 、 Chinese 、 English不规那么变化：男女

4、孩子的脚，踩住老鼠的牙Women 、 men、 feet 、 mice 、 teeth1、 would 的用法Would you like to do sth"你愿意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果同意，用YES ， Id loveto./all right /A good idea.如果拒绝，也要客气的回绝。would like sth想要某物Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事Would like to do想去做一件事情 Would you please do sth" 请求2、表示时间的介词At 后接时间点，周末at the weekendIn

5、用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前On后一般跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上3、 look 、 see 、 watch 、 readLook 集中注意力看，强调看的动作，如跟宾语，要用atSee强调看的结果，看见，看到Watch强调专注地看，有欣赏的意味，常用语看电视，看球赛Read阅读，看书1、 would 的用法Would you like to do sth"你愿意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果同意，用YES ， Id love专业资料整理WORD格式to./all right /A good idea.如果拒绝，也要客气的回绝。专业资料整理WORD格式would

6、 like sth想要某物Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事Would like to do想去做一件事情 Would you please do sth" 请求2、表示时间的介词At 后接时间点，周末at the weekendIn 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前On后一般跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上初一下册重点知识2、形容词和副词形容词比较级用法：1最明显的提示词是than ，其构造为“A +比较级 +than+B 。2有表示程度的副词a little ， a bit ， a few ， a lot ， much ， even ，

7、 still ，far ， rather ，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。3表示两者之间进展选择“哪一个更 时，句型 “Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B" 4、表示“越来越 ，即 “比较级 +and+ 比较级，多音节词和局部双音节词时用“more andmore+ 形容词原级。5、表示“越就越时，用 “the+ 比较级， the+ 比较级构造。形容词最高级用法：1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进展比较时，用最高级形式。最高级前必须加定冠词the ，专业资料整理WORD格式句末常跟一个in/of 短语来表示X围。专业资料整理WORD格式2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进

8、展选择时，用 “Which/Who is+the+最高级，A ，B or C"3、表示“最的之一时，用 “one of the+ 形容词最高级构造，4、形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最 一、 词汇1、 enjoyenjoy sth/doing喜欢某物 /做某件事情enjoy oneself= have a good time玩的愉快派生词 ：enjoyable ，令人愉快的enjoyment,乐趣2、 dress,put on, wear,be indress 后常跟人作宾语，给 穿衣服 ,get dressed或 dress oneselfput on 意为穿上，强调穿的

9、动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽wear 穿着，戴着，强调穿的状态，宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰品be in 也表状态，后面要加颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服3、 bring, take, carry和 get 的用法。bring 意思为“拿来 、 “带来 。指将某物或某人从别处“带来 。Bring me the book, please.take 意思是“拿走 ， “带走 It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry是 “带着、搬运、携带的意思，不说明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag"Get是去某处将

10、某物拿回来。专业资料整理WORD格式Please go to my office to get some chalk.专业资料整理WORD格式4、 strictadj.be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sb对某事要求严格5、 spend人 +spend+ 时间 / 金钱 + on sth/ (in) doing sth 6、 get ready forget ready for sth为 做准备强调动作get ready to do sth准备去做 强调动作be ready for sth准备好 强调状态be ready to do sth准备好去做

11、强调状态get sth ready把 sth准备好7、 look forward to doing8、 be good/bad atdo well/badly in9、 hope与 wish 的区别：希望去做 hope to do sth/wish to do sth希望 sb 去做wish sb to dohope 与 wish 后都可以接that 从句 .二、 金牌句型1、 It is more difficult for old people to learn English.It is +adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.2、 It is the best way to

12、get to school.专业资料整理WORD格式3、 What s the population of Shanghai"专业资料整理WORD格式在询问有多少人口用“What s the population of/ “How large is the population of表示“有多少人口 用 “have/has a population of形容人口的多少用large 和 small, 而不用 many,much和 few,little4、有关 how 的疑问句短语How long 多长时间或物体长度How soon 过多久，用于将来时间How often 频率How f

13、ar 多远，指距离5、 What be sb like"询问某人什么样，可以是外貌或性格等；What do/does sb look like"询问相貌。初二上册考试重点一、语法1、时态的考察 ，对于各种时态主要看时间标志词，尤其是：just now/just/now; ago/before;five years ago/since five years ago/for five years,时态的考察以现在完成时为重点，注意非延续性动词在现在完成加时间的情况下需要变为延续性状态的词。havebeento /havebeen in/ have gone to2、反义疑问句祈

14、使句Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况：1)Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we"专业资料整理WORD格式2)Let us/me. ， will you 或 won't you 。专业资料整理WORD格式Let me have a try, will you/won't you"3动词原形开头的祈使句都用will you或 won t you当陈述局部含I think (believe, suppose.)that.构造时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：I don

15、9;t think he will come, will he"假设是非第一人称，那么与主句的主语相一致He thinks that she will come, doesnthe"当陈述局部为从句时，假设主句主语为I ，反意局部的主语为从句主语;假设不为I ，反义局部的主语为主句主语。 I know your father is a worker, isn't he" she knows your father is a worker, doesnt she"当陈述局部含有以下这些含有否认意义的词时：few, little, seldom，ha

16、rdly, never, not, no,no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定构造。例如：He is never late for school, is he"陈述局部是there be句型时 ，其反意疑问句中要用there 。There was a hospital here, wasn't there"陈述局部的主语是everything, nothing, anything或 something时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。Something is wrong with my radio, i

17、sn't it"我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？陈述局部的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,专业资料整理WORD格式nobody, no one, none, neither时 , 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they 。例如：专业资料整理WORD格式Everyone is here, aren't they"大家都到了，是吗？3、 to do不定式1. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。It is exciting to surf the Inter

18、net.专业资料整理WORD格式It's . of sb. to do sth.与It's. for sb. to do sth.专业资料整理WORD格式形容词形容人的时候用of, 形容事情的时候用for专业资料整理WORD格式It's very kind / nice of you to help me。专业资料整理WORD格式It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian.中国学生学俄语是很难的。专业资料整理WORD格式2.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后

19、专业资料整理WORD格式置。专业资料整理WORD格式注意 ：一些动词之后可以接to 和 doing 作宾语时，如stop ， forget ， remember,try,need等I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。I find it hard to get along with him.我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。4.作补语有些动词后跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 感官动词使役动词 help sb. do 或 help sb. to do 当此类句子改为被动语态时，要补上 to.He is of

20、ten heard to sing this song.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.专业资料整理WORD格式在 think, find, consider, discover等动词后常用to be +adj. 构造作宾补， 有时 to be可省略。We all think/ consider/ find/ discover him (to be) kind and honest.动词不定式的省略1不定式在使役动词let, have,make和感官动词see,watch,notice, observe,hear,smell, feel

21、, find等后作宾补时，省略to。 help可带 to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sth。2) Why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式。常用来表建议。Why not have a break"3but 和 except ：but/except前的局部出现实义动词do 时，其后面出现的动词不定式可以不带 to。比较：He wants to believe anything butto take the medicine.Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV.He does everything except (t

22、o) work.4) 由 and, or 或 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个不定式的to 可以省去。例如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.5通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be ：He is supposed (to be) an honest man.4、情态动词must 是重点1表示义务。意为“必须 主观意志 。否认形式是needn t,2表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定等，只用于肯定句。否认形式是can t3 musn t本身表示“制止，“

23、不允许 ，“不能 二、重点词汇、句型1、 What/how about doing "专业资料整理WORD格式 Why not/why dontyou do ."专业资料整理WORD格式 It is +adj.+for sb to do sth" 此句型到第九模块会重点讲解2 、 other 系列词anotheradj./pron 泛指多个中的另一个otheradj./pron, 其他的，别的one the other一个 另一个 总共有两者one another一个 另一个 总数三者以上者other+n.=others其余的一些The other+n.=the

24、others其余的全部3、修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点a little修饰不可数名词，一点，一些修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点,=a littlea bit加介词 of 后可修饰不可数名词a few修饰可数名词复数形式4 、 no one和 noneno one不加 ofwho 提问没有人单三动词 =nobody none可加 ofhow many 提问没有人没有物单、复数动词5、 bring, take, carry和 get 的用法。bring 意思为“拿来 、 “带来 。指将某物或某人从别处“带来 。专业资料整理WORD格式Bring me the book, please.专业资料整理W

25、ORD格式take 意思是“拿走 ， “带走 ，把某物或某人从这里“带来 或 “拿到 某处之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry是 “带着、搬运、携带的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不说明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag"Get是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.6、 through/across/overthrough穿越，指从空间内穿越through the dooracross ，横越穿

26、过，从外表走过，或从一边到另一边 ,across the road over 翻越，跨越7、 provide /offerprovide sth for sb /provide sb with sthoffer sth to sb / offer sb sth主动提供8、 happen / take placehappen指事件偶然发生，还可以表示“碰巧 之意 ,不用于被动语态sth happen to sbsb happen to do sth.It happens that+句子take place多指按方案或者安排而发生，不用于被动语态9、 compare with 比较 compare

27、 to . 比喻10 、 depend on sb依赖 depend on sth依 而定初二下册重点知识一、重点词汇1、 makemake + 宾语 +动词原形He made us stay with him.make + 宾语 + 形容词He tried to make his mother happy专业资料整理WORD格式make + 宾语 +名词 -He made me his friend.专业资料整理WORD格式make + 宾语 +介词短语He asked us to make ourselves at home.make + 宾语 +过去分词What made him so

28、frightened"2、 seemSeem+ 形容词English seems a little difficult.Seem to doHe doesn tseem to have any friends.=It seems that he doesnthave any friends.It seems as if they were in a dream.3、 suggestsuggest+ 名词、代词suggest doing建议做某事suggest sb do建议某人做某事4、 refuse to do sth拒绝做某事5、 beat打败，后接运发动、球队、对手win接比赛

29、、战争，奖项6、 avoid doing sth防止做某事7、 dependdepend on sb依赖depend on sth依 而定8、 on one s own 单独of one s own某人自己的9、 have problem with在哪一方面有麻烦have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing，其中 trouble/difficulty是不可数名词，前面用专业资料整理WORD格式no/much/some/little any修饰专业资料整理WORD格式10 、 come up 出现，发生1) 发芽， In March, lots of pla

30、nts begin to come up.2) 太阳升起3发生，出现 I'll let him know if anything comes up.4被提及 A number of questions came up at the meeting.11、 in order to 、 to+ 动词原形、 so as to,so that.so that ， in order thatin order to 、to+ 动词原形、 so as to 引导目的状语从句， 有时为了表示强调， 也可把 in orderto， to do 放在句首，否认形式是 in order not to,so

31、as not to12、 as well as 并且，还，可与 not only but also 互换，但是 as well as强调前面的内容，not only but also 强调后面的内容1连接两个并列成分 He as well as his friends likes going shopping.2 as well as还可以表示 “和 一样好 ， well 是副词，用于修饰实义动词。3 as well可单独做副词，表示“也 ，位于句末。13 、 such adj.如此，这样so +adj.+a/an+单数名词such+a/an+adj.+单数名词such +adj.+ 复数名词

32、、不可数名词，当 adj. 是 many/much/few/little时用 so14 、倒装句So + be/ 助动词 /情态动词 +主语“某人或某物也一样I will go there tomorrow. So will she.专业资料整理WORD格式So + 主语 +be/ 助动词 /情态动词“确实如此 专业资料整理WORD格式"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。 ""So it was.""确实如此。 "对于上述两种情况，当前一句是否认句时，so 须改用 neither

33、或 nor 。15 、 besides ， but ， except 和 except forbesides ：除了 . 还包括 He has another car besides this.but 与 excep t 同义，但 but 多用在 every ，any ，no 等和由这些词构成的复合词except ：除了；例句：Except you, there is no one can help me.除了你没人能帮我except for ：在一类中除去另一类，Smith is a good man， except fo r his bad temper二、语法知识1、宾语从句宾语从句的语

34、序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnteasy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo"Please tell me when well have the meeting.宾语从句的时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态过去X畴的某一时态一般过去时一般过去时；过去进专业资料整理WORD格式行时；过去完成时；过专业资料整理WORD格式去将来时如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。I don

35、 tthink (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station"如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态一般过去时，过去进展时，过去将来时，过去完成时。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.知识拓展：宾从的主语与主句的主

36、语或宾语一样时，可把从句替换为“疑问词+ to do .I haven tdecided whereI will go=I haven tdecidedwhere to go .He askedme what I bought = He asked mewhat to buy .2、状语从句 时间状语从句1 由 when ， as soon as ,before等引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时间。2 带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到 时 ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否认式，其含义是“直到 才, “在 以前不

37、, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.专业资料整理WORD格式We won tstart until Bob comes.专业资料整理WORD格式 条件状语从句1条件状语从句遵循“主将从现 原那么，一般现在时表示将来时间。2“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Hurry up, or you ll be late. =If you don thurry up, youll be late. 结果状语从句结果状语从句由 so that, such that, so th

38、at此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中的so +adj.+a/an+ 单数名词such+a/an+adj.+ 单数名词such +adj.+ 复数名词、不可数名词，当 adj. 是 many/much/few/little时用 so3、 to do 和 doing 做宾语常考的动词后加 -ing.1.Enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事2.Like doing sth喜欢做某事3.Have fun doing sth玩得开心4.Practice doing sth练习做某事5.Spend doing sth花费时间做某事主语是人6.Keep doing sth保持一直做某事7.How about d

39、oing sth做某事怎么样表建议8.What about doing sth做某事怎么样表建议9.Have a difficulty doing sth做某事有困难10. Have a good time doing sth玩得开心专业资料整理WORD格式11.Feel like doing sth想要做某事12.Can t help doing sth禁不住做某事13.start doing sth开场做某事14.go on doing sth继续做某事15.mind doing sth介意做某事16.finish doing sth完成做某事17.be busy doing sth忙于做

40、某事18.see/hear sb doing看到 /听到某人正在做某事19. remember doing sth记住曾做过某事20. forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事21. try doing sth做某事试试看有何效果22. mean doing sth意味着做某事23. can't help doing sth禁不住做某事24. stop doing sth.停顿正在做的事初三上册考试重点知识一、语法知识1、时态名称时间状语用法seldom,often,usually经常性习惯性的动作、every week,客观真理、一般现在时on Sundays,条件或时间状语从

41、句中表示专业资料整理WORD格式once a week将来专业资料整理WORD格式 ago,last week,just now过去某个事件发生的动作或一般过去时In+ 过去的时间， the day存在的状态beforenow,atthistime,these现在或现阶段进展的动作或现在进展时days,存在的状态，还有其他构造： look ，listen状态动词不用于进展时at thistimeyesterday,at过去某个时刻或某阶段正在that time,发生的动作过去进展时When 和 while 引导的状语从句tomorrow,next将来某时要发生的动作week,soon,in+

42、一段时间，打算要做某事一般将来时how soon,from now onShall 多于第一人称连用，一般疑问句中表示请求、建议ever,just,recently,before,过去已经发生的动作对现在already,yet,since+ 时间点的影响；现在完成时for+ 时间段， so far过去已经开场， 持续到现在；终止性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用被动语态的特殊用法：1、不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时, 仍然要带上介词,如专业资料整理WORD格式The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class

43、.专业资料整理WORD格式The new students are looked after in the school.The things are take good care of .2、当动词带有符合宾语时, 并且宾补是省去“to的动词不定式时, 在被动语态中应加上“to,一感，二听，三让，四看They make us do all the work.We are made to do all the work.We often hear her sing English songs.She is often heard to sing English songs.I see him

44、walk to school.He is seen to walkto school.3、当动词带双宾语时,将其中一个宾语提前作被动语态的主语,另一个不动 ; 如果是将指物或指事的宾语提前,那么指人的宾语前应加上to、 for 如 :I am given some nice presents.They give me some presentsSome nice presents are given to me.Thechildrenare oftentoldsomestories(byhim)He often tells the children some stories.Somestori

45、esare oftentold to the children(byhim).动词后加to：give,show,send,bring,lend,promise等。动词后加for: pay,buy,sing,make,get等3、定语从句专业资料整理WORD格式修饰人只用who 的情况 ：专业资料整理WORD格式a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those时。b. there be句型中修饰名词时。c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。1)Anyone who hasnthanded in his home- work should stay after school.2)Th

46、ere is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt"修饰人或物只用that 的情况 ：(1)先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时。All that he said is true.(2)先行词被 only, no, any, all, 等词修饰时。He is the only foreigner tha

47、t has been to that place.(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：修饰物只用which 的情况 ：a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b. 先行词为that 时1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived .这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What s that which you are holding in your arms"你抱着的那个是什么？专业资料整理WORD格式定语从句可简化为短语专业资料整理WORD格式1定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进展时可简化为现在分词短语。2定