动词不定式做主语,宾语,及双宾语结构

1、动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理(1定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do ” ,其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主语0多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。To learn English well is not easy. = It ' s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our dut

2、y_to tryour best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was n ecessaryto talk with his mother.0动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见 )【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。 .0疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。How to learn English well is important.补充：用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如:It + be + 名词+ to

3、doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.How long did it take you to finish the workIt + be +形容词+ for sb + to do 逻辑主语It takes sb + some time +to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour.It + be + 形容词+ of sb + to do"It is stupid of you to write dow

4、n everyth ing注意：在中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,”,the teacher says.easy, hard, importa nt, impossible, n ecessary等;在中，常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is +形容词+ to do句式，如:It's kind of you to help

5、 me with my English. = You are kind to help me with my English.+形容词+ to doIt seems(appears)It seemed impossible to save money.【练习】1. It2's very nice of them(become) a teacher is my dream(send) me the flowers.3. It同义句转换)5. It's hard for usEnglish well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D.learnin

6、g6. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It willthe workers over a yearthe flyover.7. It's very n iceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for, of B. of , for C. to, for D. of, to用作宾语1. 可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：在want，like ，agree ，hope，wish ，learn，begin ，startseem, decide， hate ， choose， forget ， remember 等动词后面，

7、可以接不定式作宾语。【练习1 ：在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式19210311412513614715816【练习2】1. They want(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.2. It ' s time for class. Please stop(talk).3. I ' d like(go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decidedat the end of this mon th. A. travel B. not star

8、t outC. to leaveD.goi ng5. The teacher told usin bed. A. Don' t readB. read not C. to not readD.not to read2. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如：I find it difficult(remember)everyth ing.I find it a good way( 提高)my English.归纳

9、及注意及物动词+不定式一般形式:谓语动词(vt.)+不定式 (作宾语)说明want（想）/ try（试图）/ decide（决定）/would like（ 想要）/ hope（ 希望）/ love（ 喜 爱）/ learn（学会）/ agree（同意）/ fail（ 失 败、未能）/ wish（ 希望）+to（do）（无）help（帮助）to可以省略begin（开始 ” start（ 开始）/hate（憎恨）也可跟动名词，意义变化不大forget（ 忘记）/ remember（ 记得）/ like（总爱）也可跟动名词，意义变化较大及物动词+疑问词+不定式:谓语动词（vt.）+wh-疑问词+不定

10、式（作宾语）说明tell （告诉）/ show （显示）/ know （知 道）/ ask （ 问）/ find out （发现）/understand （ 明白）/ learn（学会）/forget（ 忘 i己）/ remember（ i己得）/ teach sb.（教某人）whatwhere+ how+ twho whicho （do）不定式疑问 形式还可以 作句子的主 语、表语等。注意：后跟不带to 的动词做宾语补足语的词，see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth./have sb. do sth. / let sb. d

11、o sth.【巩固练习】1. Let hima rest. I thi nk he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. havi ng2.the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Where to useD. Which to use3. The teacher told usin bed.A. don ' t readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read4. The TV set is t

12、oo loud.Will you pleaseA. turn dow n itB. turn it down C.to turn it down D. to turn down it5. It ' s cold outside. You had betteryour coat.A. to put onB. putt ing onC. puts onD. put on二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. It took half an hour（get） to the World Park from Kitty' s school.2. It was in teresti ng（s

13、ee） so many places of in terest from all over the world.3. They want（save） time by using shorter words and phrases.4. Kitty ' s classmate Daniel taught himself how（make） a home page.5. He put his photos on it for every one（look） at.6. Help him（put） the photos in the correct order.7. He made the

14、girl（cry） yesterday.定义:词+人。结构:例子:【判断】双宾语当一个句子中出现两个动作的承受着，一个是物，一个是人，采用下列表达方式:AlZ此时，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”I giveyou【主语】【动词】give a rose to【主语】【动词】passed him an apple.passed an apple to him.【辨析点】双宾语结构为“及物动词动词+人+物=动词+物+介或“及物动词+直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语”a rose.【间接宾语】【直接宾语】you.直接宾语+ to/for +间

15、接宾语”时,根据动词不同，介词有时为指动作的受益者，表示“为了to ,有时为，替”。常见搭配：toforgive sb. sth.=give sb.buy sb. sth. = give sb.send sb. sth.=send sb.make sb. sth. = give sb.show sb. sth.:=show sb.cook sb. sth. = give sb.teach sb. sth.=teach sb.lend sb. sth.=lend sb.【巩固练习】1. Can you explainA. this problem to meB.me problemC. to me problemD. my this problemfor .其中to侧重指动作的方向,其中for侧重2. He made a