语法专项情态动词与虚拟语气导学提纲

1、安福中学“一三六六高效课堂”导学提纲 制作时间：2017年9月26日 使用时间：_年_月_日 高三英语备课组语法专项情态动词与虚拟语气导学提纲一、 情态动词（一） 情态动词的语法特征情态动词主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall , should, will, would, ought to, have to, need, dare1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式,即动词原形。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s

2、。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。（二） 情态动词表推测情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmustdomust have done肯定句may/mightmay/mightdomay/might have done肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)ought to/ should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should doshould have

3、60;done肯定句、否定句、疑问句1. 形式肯定的推测：must 否定的推测：cant couldnt可能的推测：may might can could 疑问的推测：can could2. 时间对过去：情态动词+完成式（have donehave been done） 对正在进行：情态动词+be doing对现在或将来：情态动词+do 不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断） He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may

4、be at home.（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定） He might not be at home.（也许不在家） He may not be at home. （比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）He isn't at home.（事实） （三） 高考常用情态动词辨析考点一can和could的用法1表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come

5、 to see you tomorrow?Yes，_. (否定答语可用No，Im afraid not.)2表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How _ such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？3表示可能性，意为“可能，有时会”，一般用于疑问句和否定句，用于否定句，意为“应该不是，不可能”。表示理论上客观的可能性，用于肯定句，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。can和could没有时态的差异，只是could不太肯定。Can the news be true? No. It cant be true.Jogging _ the health. 慢跑可能会对健康有害。Ac

6、cidents can/could happen on such rainy days. 这样的多雨天气可能会发生交通事故。(客观的可能性)4cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。You _ while driving. 开车时越小心越好。You _ English words. 你记的英语单词越多越好。5 cannot butdo sth.表示“不得不，只好”。I couldn't but choose to go. _6. can could be able to表示能力can和be able to都表示能力(Ability)，意思上没多大区别。但ca

7、n只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示，这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。I'm sure we shall be able to get you a job soon.（不可用can）He has been able to finish the work on time.（不可用can）After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.（不可用coul

8、d）考题印证(2013·安徽)It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.不可能是词汇导致了你练习中的问题，因为你知道很多的词。cnjy.c考点二may和might的用法may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。1表示许可。Might I borrow your computer? 我可以借一下你的电脑吗？May I play basketball this afternoon? - Yes,_ No, _. ma

9、y作“可以”讲时，其否定式也常用mustn't表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn't”，表示“不必”。May I use your car? 我可以用你的车吗？No,_.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或You'd better not.等) 2表示可能性，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。Peter _tonight, but he isn't sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起

10、来，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)He_ in the classroom. 他可能正在教室里学习。3 “may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。You _ it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。区分：may/might well+ 动词原形 意为“很可能 ” He may well be late for class. _4表示祝愿(不用might)祝你成功。 _考题印证(2013·北京)You needn't take an

11、umbrella. It isn't going to rain.【来源：21·世纪·教 Well, I don't know. It _ do.考点三must的用法1表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事，have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化。2-1-c-n-j-yI have to go now for I've got a meeting 15

12、minutes later.我现在必须要走了，因为我15分钟后有个会要开。注意：回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定回答，不可以用mustn't而用needn't或是don't have to，因为mustn't意思是“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】Must we hand in our exercises today? 我们今天必须交作业吗？Yes, _. 是的，必须交。(肯定回答)No, _ (you don't have to) 不，不必今天交。(否定回答)2表示猜测、推测。must常用于肯定句中表示猜

13、测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have过去分词。He _ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。I didn't hear the phone. I _. 我没听见电话铃响。当时我一定睡着了。3表示禁止(用于否定句)。Smoking must not be allowed in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。4表示“偏执”，“固执”。来源:21世纪教育网_ so much noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？If you_, please go out. 如果你偏要吸烟，那你就出去吧。考题印证Wh

14、y don't you wear you jogging shorts, Mum?Well, my legs are too skinny, if you _ know.考点四shall的用法1用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall we begin our class? 我们可以开始上课吗？_wait outside? 司机在外边等着可以吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或按照规定等。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物

15、。Nothing _the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）You _ my support if you do such a thing. 假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。All the candidates_ when the bell rings.所有考生铃声响时都必须坐在座位上。3. should表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。You _slippers in class. 你上课竟然穿拖鞋。用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。_，apologize to the teacher. 假如你迟到的话，就要跟老师道歉

16、。考题印证Can I get out in the daytime?No. The school rules state that no child _ be allowed out during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.【版权所有：21教育】考点五will和would的用法作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。1表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。would用于过去的情况。Can someone fetch some water? 谁能去取点水来？ _. 我去。2与you连用表示请

17、求或要求：用won't you强调邀请的语气。would比will更客气、委婉。21教_ you mind opening the window for me? 请你给我打开窗户好吗？3will表示规律性的“注定会”。You _ if you lose the chance. 如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的。4.will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Will表示事物的固有性质和一种倾向性，would表示过去的习惯动作。The door _ open. 这门打不开。He _ be nervous when he met strangers. 过去遇见陌生人时他总是紧张。 考题

18、印证(2012·沧州联考改编)These plants _ die if it doesn't rain in another week.区分used to和would1表示过去重复、习惯性动作时，used to可用would代替。He _ waiting for his son coming back. 他老是坐在门口等儿子回来。2used to强调过去与现在对比，would则没这个意思。He _. 他以前常常起得很早。(他现在不早起了)3表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可以用would。不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”而应说：_ 考

19、题印证There _ to be a lot of trees here, but now none is left.考点六need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。21*om1用作情态动词Need I come? 我需要来吗？ Yes, _. 需要。You needn't telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。She_ alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the ev

20、ening?2用作实义动词You _ it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。He _ look up. 他不敢抬头看。3. need和dare的特殊用法need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired.= _dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.

21、I do not dare (to) complain.Do you dare (to) swim in the river?考题印证 Who is late for class again? _ you ask? Tim, of course.考点七could/might/would/should表委婉的功能Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning? 明天上午我能用你的自行车吗？Yes, _.(否定：No, I'm afraid not.) 好，你可以(用)。不可说：Yes, you could/might.回答允许时，用could/m

22、ight表委婉是不恰当的。_? 请帮我一下好吗？考点八“情态动词have done”的用法1must have done 此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。其否定或疑问形式用can't，而不用mustn't。He _ to say that. 他准是喝醉了才那样说的。2shouldhave done表示本应该做而实际上没有做，其否定式“shouldn't have done”表示某行为不该发生却发生了。I think he_ get more qualifications before applying for the job.我认为

23、他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明。3can (could)have done肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生行为的怀疑或不肯定。You_ you were going to be late. 你本来可以早告诉我你会晚到的。4may (might)have done 表示对过去(将来)发生的行为的推测，表示可能干了某事。Who knows what will happen? You _ by then.谁知道会发生什么呢？到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了。5ought tohave done 表示过去应做某事而实际未做，其否定式是“ought not

24、 to不定式完成式”，此时ought to可与should换用。What you_ is call the police. 你早该报警了。6needn'thave done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。Terence has done so little work; he _ come to school today.特伦斯几乎没做什么功课，他今天其实就不用来学校。区分：didnt need to do 表示过去没必要而实际上也没有做某事7. would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示

25、相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。I would rather not have taken that train.8. had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。You had better have taken his advice.考题印证(2013·辽宁改编)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _(drink) too much at the party last night.哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的

26、聚会上喝得太多了。（四）情态动词的反义疑问句1当陈述句部分有情态动词must时（1）must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustnt) 。 You mustnt stop your car here, _?（2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用neednt。 They must finish the work today, _? （3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at maths,_? （4）当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must + have

27、 done）时：a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。 b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在, 反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。 She must have read the novel last week, _? You must have told her about it, _? She must have had a very good time, _?He must have lived here at least ten years, _?2.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didntThe old m

28、an used to smoke, _?或_? 3. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt We ought to read this book, _?或_?4.当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had Youd better finish your homework now, _?5.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语） We have to get there at eight tomorrow, _?6. 陈述部分有would ra

29、ther +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语He would rather read it ten times than recite it, _?7. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语We need not do it again, _?He dare not say so, _?当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone,_?二、虚拟语气考点一虚拟语气用于状语从句中1虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事

30、实相反21世纪教育网If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/might动词原形If he _(be) indoors, he _ (not feel) so cold.与过去事实相反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they) had过去分词I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you _ (take) my advice, you _ (not fail)

31、in the examination.与将来事实相反A式：If主语一般过去时B式：If主语were to doC式：If主语should doI (we，do，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might动词原形A：If he_(come) here this evening, we _ (play) cards.B：If she _ to marry Jack, she would be happy.C：If she _ know it, she would tell me.考题印证(2013·重庆改编)What are you doing th

32、is Saturday?I'm not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.2虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。2·1·c·n·j·yIf I _you, I _ the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在过去)If they_ in early morning, they _ in half an hour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过

33、半个小时就该到了。(过去将来)考题印证(2013·天津改编)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _(be) able to speak it much better now.3有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with，without，but for等。But for your help, we _. 要不是你的帮助，我们本来是不会成功的。Without electricity life _quite different tod

34、ay.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。考题印证(2013·)I _(go) to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.21世纪考点二虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1用于宾语从句中。(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句中用动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句中用had过去分词来源:21世纪教育网表示对将来情况的虚拟：从句中用would/could动词原形I wish (that) I_ a bird and _ freely in the sky.

35、 我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。How I wish _ my parents' advice! 我多么希望听了父母的建议！How I wish_ now. 我多希望现在没下雨啊。考题印证(2012·北京西城期末改编)Let's play football together tomorrow afternoon.OK, but how I wish I_(play) it as skillfully as you. (2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：command, order，demand， require，insist，sugge

36、st，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。He suggested that we _ the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。考题印证Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _(be) at the age of six months old. (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结构为：would rather sb.过去时（与现在或将来事实相反） + 过去完成时（与过去事实相反）I would rather

37、 they _ the news. 我宁愿他们不会听到那个消息。I would rather you _ him the news yet. 我宁愿你没把消息告诉他。考题印证Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to _(underline) before class.2用于主语从句中。It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句，从句中的谓语动词

38、用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that _ till next week. 人们建议会议推迟到下周。It is strange that _ toward his parents like that. 真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。考题印证It's strongly suggested that measures _(take) to forbid students to cheat in the exams.3用于表语从句和同位语从句中。在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advic

39、e等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that_ before accepting it. 我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。We all agreed to his suggestion that _Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。考点三特殊句型中的虚拟语气1it is (high/about) time (that).句型中的虚拟语气。在句型“it is (high/about) time (that).”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“s

40、hould动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time_. 我们该回家了。考题印证It's high time that we _(devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.2if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I_ last week! 要是上周我没病该多好啊！考题印

41、证It's too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I _ (run) that programme!21·cn·jy·com3as if从句中的虚拟语气。as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。It looks_ going to rain. 天看上去似乎要下雨。The kid talks _a grown­up. 这孩子说起话来像个成年人似的。考题印证Don't handle the vase as if it _(be) made of ste

42、el.针对训练：单句语法填空1.You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015·重庆)2.You _ feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.(2015·陕西)3.Although you _ find bargains in London，its not generally a cheap place to shop.(

43、2014·大纲全国)4.Mum：Are they there? Oh，my goodness. I _ have put them in there when the phone rang.(2014·新课标全国样卷) 5.Sorry，Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh，its too bad. You have made full preparations.(2015·福建)6.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disne

44、yland at weekends.(2014·四川) 7.He walked in as if he (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.(2012·广东)8.No one be more generous；he has a heart of gold.(2013·天津) 9.Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _ (dance) as well as her.(2015·陕西)10.It

45、 is lucky we booked a room，or we _ (have) nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽) 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.If you are me，would you talk to them？(2015·四川) 2.We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015·全国) 3.Thank you for all you have done for me .Mom，though I may often say it，I do love you.(2012&

46、#183;四川) 4.My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. My attitude changed from then on.(2012·新课标全国) 5.I have been practising for three weeks now，but I still couldnt get used to itin fact，Ive nearly killed three people.(2010·四川) 书面表达

47、中情态动词与虚拟语气易错点聚焦1.表达的单调性 例如在写一封回信向好友表达建议时，重复使用You should.既显得单调，同时强硬的语气影响了交际效果。 我们可以灵活多样地表达建议，如Youd better./You might as well./Why not.？ 2.情态动词搭配错误 (误)Youd not better quarrel with your neighbors whatever happens. Need I tell him everything that has happened to his father? (误)Yes，you need. (误)The King

48、was so hot-tempered that no one dared tell him the bad news.3.时间错综句的虚拟语气的表达错误 从句与主句或上下文所表达的时间不一致，部分考生仍照搬某种形式，因未按照句中所表述的时间关系，而用错虚拟形式。如： (误)If his television set had not been stolen yesterday，he would have watched TV now. (误)If I were you，I wouldnt miss the film last night. (误)If she comes tomorrow，I

49、would tell her the news. (误)If only she didnt miss the train the other day. (误)Its time that they go home. (误)Without your help，we didnt make so much progress. (误)If she didnt miss the train，she is here now. 当 堂 练 习.单句语法填空 1. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I (have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.2.If we (book)a table earlier，we couldnt be standing here in a