高中英语必修四 Unit5 Theme parks-语法篇（学生版）

1、.Unit5 A Theme parks语法篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法-英语构词法并能纯熟运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。英语构词法种类英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。定义与精讲1.合成:两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。合成名词的主要构成方式1名词名词 sunlight 阳光 handbag 手提包2形容词名词blackboard 黑板 darkroom 暗室3副词/介词名词afternoon 下午 uproar 喧嚣 4动词名词postcard 明信片 pickpocket 扒手5名词动名词sightseeing 观

2、光 handwriting 书法6动词副词get-together 聚会 break-through 打破7其他方式构成的合成名词passer-by 过路人 grown-up 成年人合成形容词的主要构成方式1名词形容词snow-white 雪白的 world-famous 世界出名的2形容词名词open-air 户外的 old-style 旧式的3名词/形容词名词-edkind-hearted 好心的 blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的4名词/形容词/副词如今分词good-looking 好看的 well-written 写得好的合成动词的主要构成方式1名词动词 sunbathe 晒日光浴 type

3、write 打字2副词动词underline 画底线标出 overcome 抑制3形容词动词blacklist 将列入黑名单whitewash 用石灰水把刷白1有些合成词保存了原来两个单词的意思。keyword 关键词 toothache 牙痛2有些合成词与原来两个单词的意思区别很大。eggplant 茄子 parkway 驾车专用道注意：2.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 前缀词根加前缀多数不改变词性，只改变词义。(1) 表示相反意义的前缀有：un-，in-，im-，il-，ir-，non-，dis-， mis-等。如：名词派生词imbalance 不平衡 displeas

4、ure不快 形容词派生词impatient 不耐烦的 uncommon 不普通的 动词派生词 disagree 不同意 inactivate使不活泼2表示其他意义的前缀有：re- 重新, anti- 反，防, bi- 双,en- 使成为, co- 共同, sub- 下面的, post- 后的, fore- 先的,pre- 预先的, auto- 自动的, inter- 之间的, super- 超级的，上层的等。如：retell复述 superman 超人 subway 地铁 international 国际的 后缀许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。1构成名词的后缀-er, -or

5、, -ist, -ee, -ian, -ese, -ant 等构成表示人或事物的名词。如：employee 雇员 translator 翻译家-ance, -ence, -ancy, -ation, -sion, -ment, -bility, -ship,-hood, -age, -ing, -ity, -ness, -th, -ty, -ism 等构成表示行为、性质、状态等的抽象名词。如：invention创造 movement运动2构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -ent, -y 等。如：resp

6、onsible 负责的 natural 天然的3构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly, -ward, -wise 等。如：carefully 细心地 otherwise 否那么4构成动词的常用后缀有：-ise ize, -en, -ify 等。如：realize 意识到 strengthen 加强3.转化: 英语中有些单词,词形不变, 词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类, 这就是转化。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有亲密的联络。转化法动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数意思没有多大的变化如下;有时意思有一定变化如下;有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一

7、个动作如下。如: Lets go out for a walk.我们到外面去散漫步吧。 He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格强健的汉子。 Lets have a swim.咱们游泳吧。名词转化为动词很多表示物件如下、身体部位如下、某类人如下的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词如下也可作动词。如:E.g.Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗？E.g.Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。E.g.She nursed her husband back to health.她看护她丈夫

8、，使他恢复了安康。E.g.We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。E.g. We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。E.g. Murder will out.谚语恶事终将败露。形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词如下;某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下。E.g.You shoul

9、d be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。E.g.The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。4.截短法缩略法截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1截头telephone phone aeroplane plane omnibus bus2去尾mathematics maths co-operate co-opexamination exam kilogram kilolaboratory lab taxicab tax

10、i3截头去尾influenza flu refrigerator fridgeprescription script5.混合法混成法混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。news broadcast newscast新闻播送television broadcast telecast电视播送smoke and fog smog烟雾helicopter airport heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。very important per

11、son VIP读字母音要人；大人物televisionTV读字母音电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL托福例1.2019湖北孝感月考In recent years many new roads have been built, which are of great _to the areas around.A. distance B. benefitC. scenery D. puzzle例 2.2019浙江We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.A

12、. attemptsB. requestsC. doubtsD. promises例3.2019江苏鹰潭期末It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 例4.2019浙江杜桥月考The incomes of skilled workers went up. _ , unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. Moreov

13、er B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise例5.2019江西赣州期中He tried to _ some childhood memory ,which would tell him tell him whether he come to London.A. make out B. set outC. take outD. squeeze out根底演练一、给以下单词加上前缀dis-，un-，in-或im-来构成反义词1. complete _ 2.proper _3. visible _ 4 fort _5. practical _ 6.seen _7

14、. fit _ 8.like _9. happy _ 10.formal _二、单项选择1. - How much do you _ for mending my bike?- Only one dollar, sir.A. pay B. charge C. offer D. apply2. What about the two of us _ to the newly opened theme park in our city this afternoon?A. going B. to go C. go D. will go3. Most members of the committee w

15、ere in favour of the suggestion; only a _ were against it.A. majorityB. minorityC. quantityD. amount4. In October, the price of the _ to Mount Tai has risen by 50 yuan.A. permissionB. admissionC. introductionD. instruction5. - She is unhappy. - So she is. She has got _ in the quarrel between Jane an

16、d Susan.A. involved B. involveC. involvingD. involvement6. Not only the USA and Russia but also China _ manned satellites to circle the earth.A. has sent upB. has been sent upC. have sent upD. have been sent up7. While seeing the film, what had happened on the battlefield _ in the old mans mind.A. m

17、ade a lifeB. made a livingC. come to lifeD. come to live8. We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every campers _.A. experimentB. entertainmentC. equipmentD. settlement9. - Can you tell me why more and more people choose to shop in a supermarket?- Because it offers a great _ of

18、goods. A. variety B. mixture C. connection D. combination10. - How could they forget the airline tickets?- They were in _.A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rushC. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush11. He didnt want to stay in this hotel because it didnt _ his expectations.A. meet B. ple

19、aseC. fillD. express12. _ an actual occurrence, the film Huo Yuanjia will be popular with many people.A. Basing onB. Based onC. To base onD. Base on13. All the computer in this factory must go through strict _ before going to the market.A. searchB. checkC. testD. observe14. It was not what he said b

20、ut the way _ he said it that made all the people laugh.A. in whichB. whichC. howD. in that15. It is the custom for people to get together on New Years Eve, _ with each other.A. makingB. gettingC. havingD. amusing稳固进步一、 短语填空in advance, come to life, be modelled after, get close to, no wonder, be famo

21、us for1. The handbag_ the LVs new style.2. He has been there many times._ he doesnt approve of the plan going there for holiday.3. Three days had passed before he_. His parents never left the hospital until they saw him open his eyes.4. We are planning a trip to Yuntai Mountain in Henan Province, wh

22、ich_ its beautiful natural scenery.5. It is so cold in the Antarctic that penguins have to_ each other to keep warm.6. You should have booked a ticket for the performance_. Now they have been sold out.二、Make compound words after the models and fill in the blanks with the wordsA: part, long, passer,

23、film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, worldB: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter, term, together, lying, blooded Model: part + time = part-time1 Its a good idea to start a _ job to make extra money.2 Its necessary to use a _ radio to pick up the program. 3 Walt Disney, the great _, was

24、born in Chicago in 19014 The Dead Sea is very _, at around 395 meters below sea level.5 Were having a little _ to celebrate his birthday.6 They often perform in the streets for the _.7 Im sure you will be _ soon单词适当形式填空1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. play2. Look! How _ Kate

25、 is laughing! happy3. It snowed _last night and now the streets are covered with snow. heavy4. Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _. invent5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. foreign6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. satisfy7. Please give me some r

26、eference work. It will _ my task. simple8. The boy had the _ of being half starved. appear9. The police have _ a plot against the President. cover10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _. operate11. She hoped that her son would become a _. music12. Few _ words made us excited. speak13. The

27、days on the moon get hotter than _water. boil14. Thank you for your _. kind15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _. expensive16. Most international _letters are written in English, too. busy17. The boy noticed an _mistake on his

28、 paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. correct18. When in Rome, do as the _do. Rome19. The teacher was pleased with her _. honest20. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. noise_一、完形填空It was a market day, so people and traffic had been pouring into the town since early mo

29、rning. 1 it was an old town, even the main street was very 2 and soon became overcrowded. There was not enough 3 for all the people on the sidewalk at the roadside, 4 they overflowed into the road, 5 danger to their lives from 6 cars and buses, the drivers of 7 were constantly blowing their horns 喇叭

30、 to 8 people to get out of their 9 . Yet it was a n 10 scene. Peasants walked along the street, their heads piled high with baskets or beautifully woven blankets which they hoped to 11 to the townsfolk. Men with carts 12 their way along, shouting their goods at the top of their 13 .They were selling

31、 apples, oranges and grapes the 14 of their fields. 15 it all, women in bright summer clothes made their way, laughing and talking, 16 children rushed in and out of the crowds screaming with laughter when they didnt ask for something they could not have, or crying with 17 because they were lost. The

32、 noise went on all day. People did not even stop for a meal, but preferred to buy bits of meat cooked over a fire or bread or ice-cream from the street sellers. The 18 from this and from all the activities of the day began to collect in the street. And finally, when night at last came, the street 19

33、 and only the rubbish 20 sadly blowing in the cooling night wind.1. A. Although B. For C. But D. As2. A. small B. crowded C. narrow D. short3. A. land B. area C. ground D. room4. A. and B. however C. or D. then5. A. having B. causing C. throwing D. being 6. A. passing B. taking C. catching D. drivin

34、g7. A. them B. which C. whom D. that8. A. persuade B. order C. stop D. wait9. A. road B. way C. sight D. place10. A. strange B. usual C. colorful D. interesting11. A. give B. sell C. take D. send12. A. forced B. walked C. found D. took 13. A. voices B. prices C. heads D. carts14. A. crops B. result

35、C. harvest D. productions15. A. Through B. Across C. Above D. After16. A. while B. as C. when D. whose17. A. tear B. sorrow C. sadness D. fear 18. A. people B. noise C. rubbish D. business19. A. emptied B. silenced C. calmed D. changed20. A. remained B. left C. lay D. piled 二、阅读理解AThe child of today

36、 owes much of its pleasant school life to the work of Maria Montessori and others who felt as she did.Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in northern Italy. Both her parents were well educated.While Maria was a student, she took great interest in the study of the particular nature of the childs mind.

37、It came to her that small children should have freedom自由 to learn.Maria became a doctor and a professor at Rome University. In 1907, after working with backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children. There were sixty children, aged three to six, in the Childrens House. Th

38、e rooms were bright and colorful. Maria let the children make their own choice of what they wanted to do and work with their own speed. They became busy, peaceful and happy.Maria Montessori was one of the worlds great teachers. She traveled in Europe, America and Far East. She thought that true educ

39、ation, providing提供 for the real needs of the child, would produce wise and happy grown-ups and therefore a peaceful world. Her original way of education has changed our whole idea of what childhood is.Maria Montessori died in Holland at the age of eighty-two.1. The short passage is mainly about.A. t

40、he education of backward studentsB. a new idea of educationC. the importance of proper education D. the life of Maria Montessori2. Maria traveled a lot in the world to.A. teach the backward students B. enjoy her life in real natureC. spread her ideas of teachingD. study the situation of education3.

41、In what way did Maria teach the children in the Childrens House?A. She taught them the best way of learning well.B. She let them learn in a very pleasant way.C. She taught them by showing them how to do things. D. She just let them choose the most interesting subjects.4. We learn from the passage th

42、at _.A. Maria left her homeland in order to study abroad B. Maria didnt get marriedC. Marias own parents were her teachersD. Maria fully understood the childs mind5. Which of the following best explains why Maria was one of the worlds great teachers?A. She created a new way in teaching, which change

43、d the old idea of childrens education.B. She taught the backward students very successfully and produced a peaceful world.C. She showed great love for the children and trained them in a new way.D. She taught backward students in many different countries and let them learn freely.BA German taxi-drive

44、r, Franz Bussman, recently found his brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman said that the workman was closely like her husband and even suggested that he might be hi

45、s brother. Franz laughed at the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Bussman knew this story quite well, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Need