高中英语选修十 Unit 5 Enjoy novels-语法篇（教师版）

1、.Unit 5 Enjoy novels-语法篇_1. 掌握独立主格的定义；2. 掌握独立主格的解题方法；独立主格构造1. 构成:独立主格构造由名词或代词加上其他成分分词, 不定式, 名词, 代词, 形容词, 副词或介词短语构成, 在语法上是一个独立的短语, 不是句子, 在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下:1 名词代词 + 如今分词, 过去分词2 名词代词 + 形容词3 名词代词 + 副词4 名词代词 + 不定式5 名词代词 + 介词短语2. 独立主格构造的特点:1 独立主格构造的作用相当于状语从句, 可表示时间, 原因, 条件, 行为方式或伴随情况;2 独立主格构造可置于句首, 也可以放在句尾

2、;3 独立主格构造主要用于书面语;4 独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同, 不指同一个人或同一事物;5 独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在;6 名词或代词与后面的分词, 形容词, 副词, 不定式, 介词等是主谓关系;7 独立主格构造一般有逗号与主句分开8 过去分词表示被动，逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。e.g. 1 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 2 The presiden

3、t assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 3 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 4 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 5 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 3. with 的复合构造作独立主格 表伴随时, 既可用分词的独立构造, 也可用with的复合构造。其构造如下: 1 with + 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

4、2 with + 名词/代词宾格 + 分词 3 with + 名词/代词宾格 + 不定式 4 with + 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词/副词 5 with + 名词/代词宾格 + 名词 e.g. 1 The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 2 The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on. 3 I cant go out, with a lot of work to do. 4 Dont talk with your mouth full. 5

5、 He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon. 4. 独立主格构造的句法功能1 作时间状语 e.g. The meeting over, they left the hall.2 作原因状语 e.g. My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was.3 作条件状语 e.g. Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.4 描绘伴随行为或补充说明 e.g. Mary entered the room, with a

6、 big apple in her hand. He stood there, with his hands in his pockets. 1. _ her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag _ behind her.A. Seeing; flying B. Seen; flown C. To see; to fly D. Seeing; was flying解析: 第一空相当于when the little girl saw her father, 其可改为seeing her father;第二空考察独立主格构造做伴随状语

7、。答案: A2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows解析: 句意“这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园漫步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。考察非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除D。在with复合构造中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语their pet dog与follow是主动关系，排除C。A项不定式表示将要发生的事情，不符合题意。答案: B3. All his time_ the local peo

8、ple out of poverty, he has no time for his sick mother.A. devoting to helping B. devoted to helpingC. devoting to help D. devoted to help解析: devote 和time是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作逻辑谓语构成独立主格构造。devoteto doing sth.把、投入到做某事上。句意“他把所有的时间都投入到了帮助当地人摆脱贫困上面了，没有时间顾及他生病的母亲。答案: B4. The party will be held in the garden, wea

9、ther _ permit.解析: 句意“假如天气允许，派对将会在花园里举行。考察非谓语动词作状语。逗号前为一个完好的句子，逗号之后应该为，分析句子构造可知此处为独立主格构造。名词weather 与permit之间为主动关系，故用如今分词形式。答案: permitting5. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _have a life span of around 20 years.解析：句意“蝙蝠是一种寿命长得惊人的生物，一些蝙蝠的寿命可长达约20年。题干中并没有附属连词或并列连词，设空处应为非谓语动词， some having

10、 a life span of around 20 years 位独立主格构造作状语。答案: having6. We _arrivethere, the sun was rising in the east.解析：考察独立主格构造。根据句子构造可知逗号前应是状语，不能是句子。故用独立主格构造。答案： arriving7. All things _consider, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.解析：考察独立主格构造。此处all things 是逻辑主语，considered是过去分词，意为“被考虑。答案： considered8.

11、 He got up late and hurried to his office, _leave the breakfast untouched.解析：句意“他起晚了，然后匆忙赶到办公室，早饭根本没动。考察非谓语动词作状语。根据句子构造可知此处用如今分词leaving作结果状语。答案： leaving根底演练一. 单项选择1. The thief stood before the policeman，_ admitting what he had done A. with his drooping head B. drooping his head C. raising his head D

12、. with his head down 2. _，he can't go out for a walk as usual A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _ and his eyes _ A. closed；open B. closed；opened C. closing；ope

13、n D. closing；opening 4. All things _，the plan trip will have to be called off A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considering 5. _，we have to get down to business right away A. As there was no time left B. There is no time left C. There being no time left D. There to be no time l

14、eft 6. _ yesterday，we went out for a walk A. As a fine day B. It was a fine day C. It being a fine day D. For it was a fine day 7. The old man stood there，_ A. with back against the wall B. with his back against the wall C. with back against wall D. his back against wall 二. 用独立主格构造改写以下句子。1. The girl

15、 left the office and there were tears in her eyes. 2. Since there was no bus, we had to walk home.3. The soldier entered the room and his nose was red with cold.4. If all things are considered, I think we ought to give the job to Mike.5. The thief was brought to the police station and his hands were

16、 tied to the back.6. We set out for the cave and a native villager acted as our guide.Keys： 一. 15 DAABC 67 CB二. 1. The girl left the office, tears in her eyes. 2. There being no bus, we had to walk home.3. The soldier entered the room, his nose red with cold.4. All things considered, I think we ough

17、t to give the job to Mike.5. The thief was brought to the police station, his hands tied to the back.6. We set out for the cave, a native villager acting as our guide. 稳固进步1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being2. _, I'll go there with you tomorrow af

18、ternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting3. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It wa

19、s fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down7.

20、_, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on8. _, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lostC. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost9. I used to sleep with the window

21、 _. A. opened B. open C. opening D to open10. _, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder11. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through12. With a lot of wo

22、rk _, I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 13. He stood there silently, his lips_. A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 14. _, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things consideredC. All things were considered D

23、. With all things were considered15. _, we will surely succeed. A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helpingKeys：1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB1. _ I attended the meeting instead of him last Monday. A. He was ill B. His being ill C. Hi

24、m being ill D. He being ill2. _, Ill go over all these lessons before the exam. A. If time permit will B. Time permits C. If time permitted D. Time permitting3. _, he drew a conclusion. A. The experiment B. The experiment making C. The experiment having been done D. The experiment made4. _ tomorrow,

25、 I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.A. The exam to be held B. The exam will holdC. The exam holds D. The exam holding5. _, her paper is of greater value than yours. A. All things be considered B. All things considered C. All things having considering D. All things considering 6. A new technique _, t

26、he yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked out 7. The decision _, the next problem was how to make a good a good plan. A. having made B. having been making C. having been made D. been made8. The teacher walked in

27、to the classroom _. A. with a book in hand B. hand with a book C. being with a book in hand D. to have a book in hand9. _ no homework left, the pupils could do whatever they liked. A. There being B. There had C. There to be D. There having 10. They first came to an agreement on the basic principle,

28、the details _ later.A. to work it out B. having been worked out C. to be worked out D. being worked out 11. The purse _, the young man went to the police for help. A. not yet found B. hasnt been found C. being not found D. not having yet found 12. _, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure t

29、o succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other thing D. Other things to be equal 13. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. f

30、illed B. filling C. to fill D. being filled14. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished15. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to l

31、ay D. being laidKeys:1-5 DDCAB 6-10 CCCAC 11-15 AABBA _一. 完型2019丰台一模Though she had been in a coma昏迷 for nearly six months, it was still a 1 when my grandmother passed away. I was not yet thirteen when she 2 . Id understood that death awaited her, but in those first moments of knowing, I could not 3

32、that “eventually had finally come to pass. Friends came to the funeral home to pay their last respects to my grandmother and to show their support for my mother. Not 4 where to be or what to do, I stayed off to the side. The 5 finally ended with the arrival of my friend Kelly. Kelly and I had been f

33、riends ever since she was three and I was four. We were “home friends, the kind who rode bikes together after school, went 6 to a KFC a few blocks away, even though we werent allowed to leave the block. At the funeral home, Kelly came right to me. In her hands were two packages of M&Ms. Kelly kn

34、ew that was one of my 7 . We had often taken long trips to the store for 8 . We sat in the back, eating M&Ms and talking quietly. A 9 experience had suddenly become easier to bear, with a childhood offering of chocolates and the 10 of a devoted friend.Trying to come up with something to offer a

35、heartbroken person is 11 . Kelly had understood, even at twelve, that there wasnt much she could do to reduce my pain _12 be there with me and bring something that just might make me 13 . Now, whenever Kelly and I find ourselves at a funeral home for a family member of ours, the other has always sho

36、wn up 14 M&Ms, a small offering of 15 to take the edge off the hovering sorrow. Weve 16 that when were old, the one who dies first will have a crazy old lady throwing M&Ms into her grave. M&Ms will 17 be significant to me. They will 18 me that even when something as painful and powerful

37、as 19 comes to claim whats most important to me, there will always be Kelly and her chocolate.M&Ms, melt 溶解 in your 20 , not in your hand.1.A. shockB. topicC. storyD. custom2.A. returnedB. diedC. criedD. recovered3.A. tellB. pretendC. findD. believe4.A. knowingB. seeingC. guessingD. planning5.A.

38、 activityB. introductionC. ceremonyD. awkwardness6.A. directlyB. separatelyC. secretlyD. hurriedly7.A. collectionsB. favoritesC. presentsD. choices8.A. dollsB. pensC. dressesD. chocolates9.A. valuableB. familiarC. painfulD. previous10.A. dutyB. dreamC. companyD. greeting11.A. strangeB. cleverC. diff

39、icultD. reasonable12.A. but B. orC. soD. and13.A. thinkB. wonderC. smileD. jump14.A. forB. withC. atD. by15.A. cheerB. excitementC. rewardD. patience16.A. worriedB. rememberedC. suspectedD. joked17.A. evenB. alwaysC. alsoD. merely18.A. warnB. promiseC. requireD. remind19.A. darknessB. pressureC. dea

40、thD. failure20.A. mouthB. heartC. armsD. eyes二. 书面表达假设你是红星中学高三1班的学生李华，你将参加学校举行的英语口语，请根据以下提示写一篇竞选稿。1. 担任班长，深受好评；2. 组织和沟通才能强；3. 英语口语好，乐于助人；4. 中选后的打算。注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连接；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Hi everyone! Im Li Hua from Class One, Grade Three. Today Im very glad to run for Chairman of the Oral

41、 English Club._ _.I sincerely hope you will give me a chance and vote for me. Thank you.第二节 20分假设你是红星中学高二1班的学生李华，最近你校开展了诚信教育Honesty Education系列活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地写一篇短文，记述你和同学们参与活动的全过程。注意：1. 词数不少于60； 2. 短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。宣誓：take an oath 无人监考：no-invigilation examRecently to carry forward the value of honesty. A variety of activities have been held in our school._Keys:一. 完型1-5 ABDAD6-10 CBDCC 11-15 CACBA16-20DBDCB二. 书面表达第一节Hi everyone