句子种类(知识梳理)

1、.句子种类真题再现1He is a shy man, _he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A. so B. but C. or D. as2. I wonder_ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day. A. where B. how C. why D. if3. You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you.A. so B. or C. and D. but4.

2、 At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.A. while B. although C. so D. as5. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock6. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and_. A. neither wont Tom B. Tom won

3、t either C. Tom will too D. so will Tom7. The young man couldnt afford a new car. _, he bought a used one. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Still8. Bring the flowers into a warm room theyll soon open.A. or B. and C. but D. for9.Someone wants you on the phone. nobody knows I am here. A. Although

4、 B. And C. But D. So答案与解析1. B。根据选项判断此题考察连词，翻译前后两句的含义，应该是转折2. B。考察主从复合句中的宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词how是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by答复的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。3. B。此处or表示“否那么。句意：你必须躲开，否那么卡车过不去。4. A。题干句意为：在学校，一些学生很活泼而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的比照。5. A。纵观题干，before后引导的是时间状语从句

5、，因此before前面为一个完好的单句，用动词原形构成祈使句。6. B。题干中有并列连词and，并且根据句意，空格处表示“这种情况也适用于汤姆，前一个分句为否认形式，假如用倒装形式，须用neither will Tom，否那么选择B，表达同样的意义。7. C。题干中为两个独立的单句，需要填入C项才符合逻辑。8. B。空格前后为独立的句子，根据前后句的逻辑，需要填入and构成“祈使句+and+将来时句型。9. C。此题的答语是承接第一句话而来，并且和第一句话构成的语境形成转折关系，填入并列连词but。知识讲解英语中的句子按交际用处分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感慨句、THERE-BE存在句陈述句

6、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否认式，语序是主语在前谓语在后。She arrived early. He is six years old.She cannot have arrived now.She didnt hear of you before.半否认句：在英语中，有些单词如seldom, scarcely, hardly, little, few, barely等，都含有否认意义，其所表达的否认意义，很接近never, not, no, none等词，不过语气较弱，而且在否认意义上留有余地，不像never, not, no, none等词绝对。由半否认式表示的否认句称为

7、“半否认句或准否认句。I hardly know anything about it.部分否认句：当句子中出现表示全部概念的词，如all全体，both两者，every每个，everybody每个人，everything每件事，everywhere每个地方，always常常，altogether全体，entirely全部，wholly全部等，假如用not否认这些词就使句子产生部分否认，表示“不都，并非都的部分否认意义。All that glitters is not gold. A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.I dont like

8、 both the films.some用于否认句的四种场合：1. 用于部分否认的句子中。 I do not like any of the films. 这些电影中我一部也不喜欢。I dont like some of the films. 这些电影中的某一些我不喜欢。I dont like some one of the films. 这些电影中某一部我不喜欢。2. 用于否认句，但在否认范围之外。 Some of the students didnt see the film. 其中有些学生没有看这部电影。3. 用于否认句表示特别的强调。如：All of you must pay, not

9、 just some. 你们所有人都必须付钱，而不只是一些人付钱。4. 用于否认句介词without之后。如：There is no fire without some smoke. 有火就有烟。注：假设在without后用any，那么所表示的语气很强，含有“没有任何“没有一点儿之意。 He came without any money. 他来时身无分文 全否认句：用either，never，no，no one，nobody，none，neither.nor，nor，not，nothing，no way，nowhere等否认词引导的句子。I like neither Cathy nor Mar

10、y. 全部否认句双重否认双重否认的结果是肯定的。 There was no one who did not feel sympathy for the victims of the accident.没有人不同情那位意外的牺牲者。never.without.型双重否认，其意为：没有决不；要一定会The dog never crosses a street without stopping at the curb 路边.双重否认用于表示肯定的内容时，因形式上仍属否认句，所以附加问句为肯定形。 No Japanese breakfast is complete without misosoup味噌

11、汤, is it?否认转移：最常见的否认转移情况是，在表示“看法的谓语动词上的否认形式，语义上却是否认后面的宾语从句。此类动词有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find 感到, guess, be supposed to, figure等。I dont believe Ive met you before. 我认为我没有见过你。I dont think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎

12、，对吧？He doesnt expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。一些表示否认含义的短语:anything but 决不 =notat allfar from 完全不 fail to 无法 =do not, cannottooto 太，以致无法the last+名词+to不定式关系代词从句; 最不much still less 更别提know better than to 还没笨到but in vain 但却无法办到more than 无法be above 是之力所不能及，无法be free from 没有，不疑问句疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑

13、问句。一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问一件事，这类问句一般由助动词、情态动词或be动词开头，答案通常是yes或no，也有用其他形式答复的。Do they like skating？Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night?Havent you been to the UK?I dont know.一般疑问句也有用否认形式开头的，它一般都传达某种情绪，如责难、惊奇或赞叹等。在答复这种疑问句时要注意，假设答复是肯定的，要用no，否那么用yes。Cant you understand it? No, I cant.Isnt it

14、 a beautiful lake?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词有who, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how等。假如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：疑问词主语谓语动词其他成分。Who was the first man in space?对句子的其他部分提问用倒装语序。 Who are you talking about?How old is he？特殊疑问句还有一些简单形式，即省略句子的某些成分，例如：Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about ta

15、king a rest?复杂特殊疑问句：What do you think he has done? 选择疑问句选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的答案以供选择，看哪一种是正确的。以一般疑问句为根底：Is he six or seven years old？Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage?以特殊疑问句为根底：Which do you prefer, red wine or white wine? How shall we go there? By bus or by trai

16、n?反意疑问句反意疑问句由两部分组成，前面是陈述句，后面是简短问句，假如前面是肯定句，后面一般为否认句，假如前面是否认句，那么后面为肯定问句。祈使句的反意疑问句：Close your books, will you?Dont forget to bring your notebook, will you?Let us go out for a walk, will you?Lets go out for a walk, shall we?含有推测语气的句子的反意疑问句：You must have a lot of homework today, dont you?He cant be happ

17、y about it, is he?Mum must have heard about it, hasnt she?You must have stayed up late last night, didnt you?He couldnt have found the correct answer, has he?He must be waiting for you outside, isnt he?It must have rained last night, didnt it?He must have finished his homework, hasnt he?含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

18、：He said he could come and help me when I had trouble, didnt he?He didnt believe they should say such a thing to him, did he?主句主语是第一人称如今时，动词为think, guess, suppose, believe, expect等词时：He thinks he is right, doesnt he?I think he is right, isnt he?I dont think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine he is right

19、, is he?Everyone/everybody/someone/somebody went there, didnt they?No one/nobody went there, did they?Everything, anything, to do, doing, that he does it, this, that is right, isnt it? Nothing is right, is it?Everything is going on well, isnt it?These/Those are your books, arent they?含否认副词never, har

20、dly和否认前缀的反意疑问句：He never likes you, does he?He dislikes you, doesnt he?They seldom went out, did they?They are unable to go out, arent they?He has a book, doesnt he/hasnt he?He has to buy a book, doesnt he?“used to do的反意疑问句： He used to get up early, didnt he?He used to get up early, usednt he?Im tire

21、d, arent I?对反意疑问句的答复：Yes后跟肯定句，No 后面跟否认句。You dont care about it, do you?Yes, I do. No, I dont. It is none of my business.Dont forget to bring your homework.No, I wont.祈使句 祈使句是表达命令、要求、恳求、劝告等的句子，通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形放在句首。Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise!有时，为了指明是向谁发出命令或提出恳求，可以带上主语。You call a taxi. Dont yo

22、u forget it.Be quiet, boys. Dont talk in class.“No ing形式开头的祈使句表示“制止、不准。No parking!No littering!还有一些祈使句中没有动词。Away with him!Off with your coat!Not so fast!带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go.Lets not say anything about it. /Dont lets say 祈使句加强语气：Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me h

23、ave another try. 感慨句 感慨句指的就是用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。 Wonderful! 真棒!Good heavens! 天哪!英语的感慨句通常以how和what开头，其中what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。 1. What +名词+主语+谓语！What a surprise! 真是没料到的事!What fools they are! 他们多傻啊!2. What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a fine day! 多好的天气呀!What a slow train this is! 这列火车开得多慢呀!注意：以上两条中，假如是单数名词，其前必需要有

24、不定冠词；假如是不可数名词或复数名词，那么其前不用不定冠词。3.How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How nice! 多好呀!How beautiful the city is! 这座城市多么美丽！4. How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How tall a boy he is! 他是一个多高的孩子啊!How interesting a story it is! 这是个多有趣的故事啊！注意：这类构造中的名词必须是单数可数名词，不能是复数名词，也不能是不可数名词，且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。5. How +主语+谓语！How he worked! 他多么肯干啊!How I mi

25、ssed you! 我多么想念你啊!How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!这类感慨句可为how的面省略了一个不言而喻的副词。第一句可视为在how之后省略了副词hard，第二、三句可视为在how之后省略了副词much。“THERE-BE存在句的详细用法见知识导学“句子成分及简单句根本句型按构造分，句子可分为简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句简单句 假如句子只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构造，而句子各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，它就是简单句。Blue and white make light blue.The train left late th

26、at night and arrived at dawn the next morning.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are Americans.All roads lead to Rome. Is he a superman?He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Dont be shy. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.并列句 并列句包含两个或更多互相独立的主谓构造，分句由并列连词来连接。表

27、示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, 等连接。The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. Government make laws and the police enforce them.并列句表示选择关系，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。Hurry up, or youll miss the train.并列句表示转折关系，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively 并列句表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。It was too late for me to arrive home that night, so I decided to live in a hotel.主从复合句 复合句含有两个或两