电子商务在钢铁物流中的应用

1、电子商务在钢铁物流中的应用论文摘要：随着经济全球化的发展，以及科学技术的不断进步，钢铁物流对我国国民经济的发展发挥重要作用，钢铁物流行业将是我国新时代经济发展的重要产业。当前，少数企业已将当代物流的理论、技术以及方法引入企业自身的生产经营中，以增强自身的市场竞争力。然而，随着电子商务的高速发展，对我国的钢铁物流行业提出更大挑战。本文简单介绍了电子商务用于钢铁物流的必要性，对当前钢铁物流行业的发展现状进行分析，并加以探讨电子商务在钢铁物流中的实践。Abstract: with the development of economic globalization, and the constant

2、progress of science and technology, steel logistics in our country play an important role in the development of national economy, iron and steel logistics industry will be a new era economic development important industry in China. At present, a few enterprises have set up modern logistics theory, t

3、echnology and method is introduced into the production and operation of the enterprise itself, in order to enhance their market competitiveness. However, with the high-speed development of e-commerce, a bigger challenge for China's iron and steel logistics industry. This article simply introduce

4、d the electronic commerce used in iron and steel logistics, the necessity of the current iron and steel logistics industry development present situation carries on the analysis, and discusses the electronic commerce in the iron and steel logistics in practice.随着我国经济的高速发展，以汽车制造业、交通运输业以及房地产业的高投资，进一步促进

5、了钢材的消费，从而为钢铁物流行业的迅速发展，提供较多的市场资源。此外，我国钢铁产业的发展规模，也为钢铁物流行业的发展提供宽阔的平台。虽当前我国钢铁物流行业的发展较多缓慢、杂乱无序，但也为钢材的生产加工、运输提供较好的市场空间。随着钢铁行业涉及领域的逐步广泛，以及信息技术的不断进步，电子商务势必成为钢铁物流行业发展的必然之路。网络化的高速发展，为钢材贸易的信息化、现代化提供有力的技术支撑。With the rapid development of China's economy, to automobile manufacturing, transportation and real e

6、state industry of high investment, further promoted the consumption of steel, for the rapid development of the logistics industry, steel provide more market resources. In addition, the scale of the development of steel industry in China, for the development of iron and steel logistics industry also

7、provides a broad platform. Although the current our country's iron and steel logistics industry development is more slow and chaotic, but also for the steel production and processing, transportation provides better market space. With the extensive gradually involved in the field of iron and stee

8、l industry, as well as the progress of information technology, e-commerce is bound to become the inevitable road of the iron and steel logistics industry development. With the rapid development of network, for steel trade informationization, modernization provides powerful technical support.1.电子商务用于

9、钢铁物流的必要性1. Used in iron and steel logistics, the necessity of electronic commerce中国是世界上钢铁生产及消费最大的国家，其物流运输的范围极其广泛，每年燃料、原料等钢铁的物流量高达25亿吨左右。为适应市场经济的发展需求，我国正积极构建现代化、工业化的钢铁物流生产加工及运输的服务体系。华南钢铁物流贸易中心的总经理雷有为曾说：“相对于传统的交易方式，快捷是钢铁电子交易的最大优势。以往的钢铁贸易方式，进行一笔交易，需要花上1天的时间，而网络交易由网上看货、选择货物至成交结算，整个过程仅需30分钟。”由此可知，对钢材的购买、

10、加工至运输等流程，若利用电子商务的交易方法，能有效节省其的中间成本，大大缩短短途运输、贮存、管理等经费。对此，电子商务可谓是本国钢铁物流行业快速发展的目标，也是当代物流理论及技术逐步深入钢铁领域的必然产物。China is the largest country in the iron and steel production and consumption in the world, its scope is extremely broad, logistics transportation fuel and raw materials such as iron and steel ever

11、y year the through put of 2.5 billion tons. , meeting the needs of the development of market economy, China is actively building a modern, industrialized production and processing of iron and steel logistics and transport service system. LeiYouWei south China iron and steel logistics trade center ge

12、neral manager once said: "compared with the traditional way to trade, speed is the biggest steel trading advantage. In the past mode of iron and steel trade, make a deal, need to spend 1 day time, and online transactions by the goods online, select the goods to clinch a deal the settlement, the

13、 whole process only needs 30 minutes." Therefore, purchase, processing of steel to the transportation process, if the use of electronic commerce transaction method, can effectively save the intermediate costs, shorten the short-distance transport, storage, management, etc. , electronic commerce

14、 is the target of domestic iron and steel logistics industry rapid development, modern logistics theory and technology deepens the inevitable outcome of the iron and steel sector.2.我国钢铁物流行业的发展现状2. The iron and steel logistics industry development present situation in our country当前我国钢铁物流行业的发展还存在一定问题，

15、具体包括以下几个方面：首先，产业成本高，物流效率低。对于我国的钢铁生产，其的钢材能源大多分布于华北地带，而其的供应商主要集中于华东及华南地区，其涉及的领域有：造船、汽车、建筑、石化以及交通等。这种供求的错位，造成我国的钢铁物流行业承受极大的成本及效率压力，进而出现运力不够、原油价上涨、人力成本高、物流设施的承载超限等现象。从2009年起，钢铁物流企业的运输成本普遍增高4%9%。此外，由于各钢铁物流企业在加工、运输及仓储等环节上未形成统一的流程，造成各环节间未能很好衔接及协调，最终导致钢铁产品的物流链断开或者库存积压等现象。其次，钢铁物流产业的密集度低，分布不均匀。目前我国的钢铁物流企业较多，规

16、模不大，多数企业通过“小而全”的经营方式，从事加工、运输及仓储等领域，造成整个行业的布局过于狭小、分散，产业的密集度低。与此同时，各钢材加工及配送中心，还存在发展规模小、运输条件差、缺少金融保险等服务的问题，这些均表明了我国钢铁物流产业的格局不合理。最后，流通形式仍位于艰难的转型中。当前，本国钢铁销售的流通模式正逐渐转变为高集中、服务功能齐全的当代物流模式，但从整体上来讲，我国的钢铁物流行业仍处于经营分散、初步发展的阶段，不仅表现于钢铁企业的直销总额小、中间商的数量多等方面，而且还体现于钢材的成材率与使用率不高、各环节的增值服务少等，这些均严重影响了我国钢铁物流行业的正常发展。根据相关数据统计

17、，世界各发达国家的钢材加工比达至60%，其中板材占75%，线材占65%，棒材占45%，而本国的钢材加工比仅有15%至20%。由此可知，基于本国钢材加工及配送中心的整体构建水平低，钢材的生产加工份额不高，导致我国的钢材使用率低，各环节的增值服务少，进而影响我国钢铁物流的高效发展。Current our country iron and steel logistics industry development also has certain problem, specific include the following aspects: first, industrial high cost,

18、low logistics efficiency. Steel for steel production in China, the energy mostly distributed in the north China area, and its suppliers are mainly concentrated in east China and south China region, the areas are: shipbuilding, automobile, construction, petrochemical, transportation and so on. The su

19、pply and demand dislocation, caused our country iron and steel logistics industry great cost and efficiency under pressure, and capacity is not enough, the rise in crude prices, labor costs is high, the phenomenon such as logistics facilities hosted overrun. Since 2009, the transportation cost of lo

20、gistics business enterprise of iron and steel general increased 4% 9%. In addition, because the iron and steel logistics enterprises in the processing, transportation and storage is not form a unified process, due to not very good communication and coordination between each link, finally causes the

21、steel products logistics chain disconnected or inventory backlog. Second, the iron and steel logistics industry concentration is low, uneven distribution. At present, China's iron and steel logistics enterprises is more, scale is not big, by "conveniently small" business approach, most

22、 companies engaged in processing, transportation and storage, and other fields, due to the industry as a whole is too small, scattered layout, industry concentration is low. At the same time, the steel processing and distribution center, there are development of small scale, poor transportation cond

23、itions, lack of financial services such as insurance, these all indicate that the pattern of China's iron and steel logistics industry is not reasonable. Finally, the flow form is still in a difficult transition. At present, domestic steel sales of circulation pattern is gradually transformed in

24、to high concentration, fully functional modern logistics service mode, but on the whole, China's iron and steel logistics industry is still in the business dispersed, the preliminary development phase, not only direct sales of small steel enterprises, the number of intermediaries, etc., but also

25、 the embodiment of the steel yield and utilization rate is not high, value-added services, such as less of each section of these have seriously affected the normal development of the iron and steel logistics industry in our country. According to relevant data statistics, the world each developed cou

26、ntry of steel processing ratio reaches to 60%, including plate (75%), wire (65%), rod (45%), and the country's steel processing than only 15% to 20%. "Accordingly, based on its low level of steel processing and distribution center of whole building, steel production and processing of the sh

27、are is not high, lead to low utilization rate of steel in our country, each link of value-added services, will affect the efficient development of China's iron and steel logistics.3.电子商务在钢铁物流中的实践3. The electronic commerce in the iron and steel logistics in practice3.1通过电子商务以促进钢铁贸易的发展3.1 through

28、the electronic commerce to promote the development of iron and steel trade就当今的外部环境来看，钢铁物流企业要想达到电子商务的效果，特别是现货交易。应先具备较强的忧患意识，使其在激烈的竞争中尝试新型的交易模式。第二，由于钢铁物流企业的经营管理体制与生产企业相比，较为灵活，易于适应这种新型的交易模式。第三，钢铁企业的贸易群体较为分散且庞大，相互传递的信息途径较多单一，急需一个有效的信息交流平台。第四，钢铁物流企业的内部管理系统相对简单于生产企业，易于开展电子商务的营销活动。对此，构建一个经营独立的电子商务平台，大力吸取大型

29、的钢铁物流企业与钢铁用户，进行电子商务的钢材活动，为钢铁客户提供良好的钢铁生产、配送等服务，是将来钢铁物流贸易快速发展的必经之路。In the context of today's external environment, iron and steel logistics enterprises to reach the effect of electronic commerce, especially the spot trading. Should have strong suffering consciousness, in the fierce competition in

30、trying new trading pattern. Second, due to the iron and steel logistics enterprise operation and management system and production enterprises, compared to a more flexible, easy to adapt to this new trading mode. Third, trade group is relatively fragmented and large iron and steel enterprise, mutual

31、transmission of information way is more onefold, urgently need an effective platform for the exchange of information. Fourth, iron and steel logistics enterprise's internal management system is relatively simple in production enterprise, is easy to conduct e-commerce marketing activities. To bui

32、ld a business e-commerce platform independence, to absorb a large iron and steel logistics enterprises and steel users, steel conducting e-commerce activities, for steel customers provide good iron and steel production, distribution and other services, is a steel trade logistics in the future path o

33、f rapid development.3.2利用电子商务实现贸易活动的透明性3.2 use e-commerce realize the transparency of trading activity针对当前钢铁物流电子商务的发展形势而言，应加以整合当代物流的增值服务，唯有如此，才能实现能力与动态延伸的价值。我国平均每年约有十几万家企业参与钢材交易活动，其的贸易总额高达几万亿。从事这些交易的途径主要包括以下几种：第一，厂家直销给钢铁使用客户，而这些使用户主要来自于规模较大的大中型钢铁企业，可属于直接供应的客户。第二，厂家向大型的分销商销售后，分销商再将一部分的产品销售给直接客户，另一部分则

34、先销往中小型的分销商，再转销给直接使用客户。由此可见，这种钢铁交易的传统模式，其中一部分的产品须经分销商加价后，才能落到直接用户的手中，其的贸易成本过大。而钢铁物流的电子商务，则是经过电脑、通讯、网络以及软件等当代信息技术的综合后，将能完成信息交流的功能，从而使各钢铁企业的贸易活动更为透明，有效地减少了产品贸易的次数。In view of the current iron and steel logistics e-commerce development situation is concerned, should be integrated modern logistics value-a

35、dded services, only then can realize dynamic extension ability and value. In China per year on average, about 10 m enterprises to participate in the activities of steel trade, the trade volume of up to trillions. Engaged in these deals and includes the following several ways: first, manufacturers se

36、lling to steel with customers, and these users mainly come from the large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises, large scale can belong to the direct supply customers. Second, after the manufacturer sells to large distributors, distributors and then part of the products sold to customers direc

37、tly, the other part is first sold to small and medium-sized distributors, and resellers to directly to the customer. Thus, this traditional steel trading mode, the part of the product must be approved by distributor price, can be brought directly to the user's hands, its trade costs too much. An

38、d iron and steel logistics of e-commerce, it is through the computer, communication, network and software after comprehensive modern information technology, will be able to complete the information communication function, so that the steel trade of enterprise more transparent, effectively reduced th

39、e number of product trade.3.3借助电子商务实现网络化、信息化的市场新格局3.3 with the help of e-commerce to realize networked, information-based new pattern of the market自成立中联钢后，研究及实践具有本国特色的钢铁产业电子商务的方法及模式，已成为我国钢铁部门工作的重中之重。积极延伸钢铁行业的定义及发展，也就是由以往单一集中钢铁企业的模式，逐渐延伸至涉及钢铁原材料、机械设备、钢材经销商、钢材客户、配套服务企业以及物流运输企业等新型的产业链，积极尝试和钢材物流企业及钢材经销商

40、的紧密联合，并加以探索钢材客户的股东化。这一转变，打破了以往单纯由钢铁加工企业构建市场的格局，构建资源整合、团结一致共同打造我国网络化、信息化钢材市场的新型格局。电子商务能为我国的钢铁交易提供快速的范围较大的信息服务与订购服务，有效节省了钢材企业订购货物的时间，以及减少了钢材货物的存贮时间，从而实现节省钢材运输成本的最终目的。Since zhonglian steel after established, research and practice of iron and steel industry with its own national characteristics method a

41、nd mode of e-commerce, has become a priority. China's iron and steel sector Actively extend the definition and development of steel industry, namely by past a single centralized mode of an iron and steel enterprise, gradually extend to involving iron and steel raw materials, mechanical equipment

42、, steel distributors, clients, supporting service enterprises and steel logistics enterprises new industrial chain, to actively try and steel logistics enterprises and dealers close steel joint, and to explore the steel customers of shareholders. This transformation, breaking the previous simple by

43、steel processing enterprise build market pattern, construct resource integration, unity, forge new pattern of networking, informationization of steel market in China. E-commerce for China's iron and steel trading provides a quick greater range of information services and subscription service, sa

44、ve steel enterprise order goods time effectively, and reduced the steel goods storage time, so as to realize the ultimate goal of saving steel transportation cost.3.4利用电子商务进行营销交易及服务3.4 use of e-commerce marketing, trading and service对钢铁材料的采购、加工以及配送等流程，若通过电子商务的交易方式，能有效减少其的中间成本，也就是节省了钢材的短途运输、存贮以及顾客管理等

45、经费。电子商务作为本国钢铁物流行业高速发展的目标，是当代物流理论与技术逐渐深入钢铁领域的必然产物。即便我国每年上网的人数增长比率高达100，但从整体上看，我国网络用户的总数仍相对较低，并且当前的网络用户中，学生占较大部分。根据相关资料显示，上海所有钢铁企业中，能真正具备上网条件的企业较少，而能在网络上进行营销活动的更是屈指可数，当前人们上网的目的在于查阅信息。对此，我国各钢铁企业要想通过电子商务的方式进行贸易销售，必须根据我国的具体情况，因地制宜。从钢铁信息方面着手，首先达到电子商务杂志的效果，等时机成熟后，再逐渐在网上从事订货、支付以及确定配送等交易活动，最后全面开展钢铁物流的电子商务贸易。

46、另外，电子交易方面，必须将网上的交易与台下的交易相结合，也就是在重视网络交易的同时，也应兼顾现实的交易，努力为顾客提供多样化、信息化的服务。最后，根据中小企业的个性特点，从简单至完整，逐渐处理网络营销问题。For steel material procurement, processing and distribution process, if through the electronic commerce transaction, can effectively reduce the intermediate costs, namely save short-distance transp

47、ortation and storage of the steel and the customer management, etc. Electronic commerce as the target of domestic iron and steel logistics industry high-speed development, is the modern logistics theory and technology gradually in-depth inevitable product in the field of iron and steel. Even in China every year, the number of Internet growth rate as high as 100%, but overall, the total number of Internet users in China is still relatively low, and the current Internet users, students accounted for most. According to relevant data shows, all iron and steel enterprises