译林版必修一Unit2SectionⅢGrammar—简单句、并列句和主从复合句

1、Section KI Grammar简单句、并列句和主从复合句图解语法脉络概念：只有一个主谓结构的独立句子. 简单句H八种基本句型句子的类型概念：含有两个或两个以上的独立分句-并列句-常见的并列连同有：and, but, or, so,for等概念，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的 从旬构成。主从复U分类：定语从句状语从旬、生语从句.合句 宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等,感知语法规律 We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.If your problem is a new one, write a post about it.Yo

2、u can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.Our website has many articles about teenagers? physical and mental health.Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it?The little girl who you saw yesterd

3、ay is my cousin.Users are encouraged to post their problems, and they will get some advice from our experts and other forum users.I have travelled to many places, but I still want to visit more.【自主发现】1 .简单句：2 .并列句：3 .主从复合句：;句中含有宾语从句；句中含有主语从句;句中 含有状语从句;句中含有定语从句精讲语法知识 一、简单句(simple sentences)L概念：简单句是由一

4、个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。2 .分类(1) 一个主语+一个谓语She | enjoyed collecting stamps.她喜欢收集邮票。(2)并列主语+一个谓语Lucy and Lily | like working there.露西和莉莉都喜欢在那儿工作。(3)一个主语+并列谓语She | opened the door and entered the room.她打开门，进入房间。并列主语+并列谓语Li Hua and Wang Lin | like drawing and often draw pictures for the wall newspap

5、ers.李华和王林喜欢画画，经常为墙报画画。型翅阖翻译句子并写出其句型那个可怜人跌倒死了。The poor man fell down and died 一个主语 + 并歹 谓语我的父母今天很累。Both 2f my parents are very lired today.一个主语 + 一个谓语她和我们一起唱了一首英文歌曲。Sh巨 gnd _？巨 _sang English- song together.并歹U主语 + 一个谓语 你们的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。YouL gontributiort 芈”】! certainly_ jnak邑 th2 gven 且_ Jwg巨 succ

6、ess, 一 个 主语+一个谓语二、并歹lj句(compound sentences)由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句构成。常见连接词有and, but, or, so, for 等。I offered her my programme, and she accepted it at last.我给她提供了我的方案，她最终接受了。She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s.她看上去很年轻，可是她已三十多岁了。Hurry up or you UI be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。rd better take an umbre

7、lla, for it is going to rain.我最好带把伞，因为天要下雨了。名师指津除了 and , but z or , so , for连接并列句之外，还需要会使用两种特殊的并列句。1 .祈使句+and + 一般将来时的句子：表示“如果就Study hard, and you are sure to have a good result in the exam.=If you study hard, you are sure to have a good result in the exam.努力学习，你一定能在考试中取得好成绩。2 .祈使句+ or+ 一般将来时的句子：表示“

8、如果不就”Be quick, or well be late for class.=If you are not quick, well be late for class.快点，否则我们上课要迟到了。即时训练2选词填空：and, but, or, so, for (Dld like to go with you, and Im not busy.I cant tell my cousins appearance, for I have never seen her. Don、run in the classroom, or you may hurt yourself.Surfing the

9、Internet is fun, but its also a time waster.)A snake bit him so he went to see a doctor at once. Come a little earlier next time, or youll miss the best part of the TV play.三、主从复合句(complex sentences)主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体部分;从句无法独立，可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语以及同位语。(一)形容词性从句形容词性从句就像一个形容词来修饰一个名词或代词

10、。形容词性从句乂称为定语 从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词既起连接作用，乂 在定语从句中充当成分。关系词为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)oThe car that/which I saw this morning is my teacher.我今天早上看到的那辆车是我老师的。The professor who/vvhom you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有

11、一个爸爸当医生的朋友。The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.纳尔逊曼德拉帮助我的那一天是我一生中最快乐的日子之一。The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.我曾在那里学习仅两年的学校离家有三公里远。育即时训练3选词填空：that, who, whom, where whoseThe thing that you must do is to have a meal.Do you know the girl who

12、 is crying?This is the artist whose paintings are known all over the world.Didnt you see the man whom I talked with just now?The company where his uncle works is the largest one in this city.(二)副词性从句副词性从句就像副词一样用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。副词性从句乂称为状语 从句。通常由从属连词引导。状语从句根据表达意思分为时间、地点、原因、目 的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。1 .时间状语从句的引

13、导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, every time, the moment 等When I got home, my family were already having dinner.我到家的时候，全家正在吃晚饭。He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。I didnt leave until she came back.直到她回来，我才离开。The moment I see him, ril tell liim

14、 about it.我一看见他，我就会告诉他这件事。2 .地点状语从句的引导词：where, wherever等Wuhan lies where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉江交汇处。Yoifd better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。3 .原因状语从句的引导词:because, since, as, now that等Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.由于他不遵守规章

15、制度，他受到了处罚。4 .目的状语从句的引导词:so that, in order thatLets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。5 .结果状语从句的引导词:so that, sothat, such.that等I didnt plan the work welL so

16、 that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以至于大家都很激动。Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.詹妮是一个如此聪明的 女孩，以至于我们都非常喜欢她。6 .条件状语从句的常用引导词：if, unless, as/so long as等If you ask him, he will help you.如果你向他请求，他

17、会帮助你的。They will go tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。As/So long as we dont lose heart, we41 find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。7 .让步状语从句的常用引导词：thougli/although/whilet even if/though, no matter what/how/where., whatever/however/wherever.Although/ThoughAVhile he is young

18、, he is very clever.尽管他很年轻，但很聪明。wont lose heait even if/though we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。8 .比较状语从句的常用引导词：as（同级比较），than（不同程度的比较）The result was not as good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。He is taller than his father by two inches.他比他爸爸高两英寸。9 .方式状语从句的常用引导词：as, as if/thoughPlease do as you are told.

19、请按照人家告诉你的去做。The boy plays the piano as though he has a natural ear for music.这孩子弹起钢琴来好像天生很懂音乐似的。- 即时训练4同义句转换He rushed home the moment he got the good news.- He rushed home as soon, as he got the good news.She is such a kind girl that we like her very much.f She is so kind that we like her very much.

20、They hurried so that they might not miss the train.- They hurried in order no_miss_ Jhj rain.I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.,I wont let you in if you_dont_show me_your pass.Weather permitting, well go camping.f If weathe匚 permitsf well go camping.（三）名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位

21、语。因此，名 词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，且都不能用逗号与 主句分开。名词性从句引导词主要有三类：引导词作用从属连词：that , if/whether , as if , because 等that无词义，也不在从句中作任何成 分，有时可省略whether, if, as if, because 等有词义， 但在从句中不作成分连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which 等都有词义且在从句中作主语、表语、 宾语、定语等成分连接副词：when , where why, how 等都有词义且在从句中作状语He told me (that) he

22、would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。When the plane is to take off has not been announced.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。This is because he missed the train.这是因为他没赶上火车。Where the manager had put the files troubled Mary.经理把文件放在哪儿这事让玛丽很苦恼。即时训练5请判断下列各句中的黑体词引

23、导的是哪一类名词性从句Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.主语从句The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing.同位语从包:He was sent to the hospital.Thafs because he was ill.表语从句We must never think that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.宾语从句运用

24、语法规则I.请用合适的连词或关系副词把每组句子合并为一个句子 l.He was tired.He went to bed., He was tired, so he went to bed.2.The cliild hid beliind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog. ,The child liid behind liis mothers skirt for he was afraid of the dog. 3.He made a proinise.He didnt keep it.一He made a promise, but he

25、 didnt keep it.4.He has found out.She was late.-He has found out why she was late.1.1 still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.still remember the day when I first went to York.6 .He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.f He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.7 .We511 go to the Gieat W

26、all.If s fine tomonow. f “ell go to the Great Wall if its fine tomoiTow. 【.利用状语从句和宾语从句补全下面的倡议书Dear friends,It is common that some students would eat snacks instead of meals 1 .when i jnealtime（ 当 吃饭的 时 候 ）.Now I suggest 2. that yoq fonn q healthy eating habit（你养成一个健康的饮食习惯）.For us students , eating h

27、ealthy food is of great importance 3上ecausegnough gnergy （因为我们需要足够的能量）to keep ourbody functioning well. You will be ill and unhealthy 4.unless you eat healthy food reEiilarly（除非你经常吃健康的食物）.Lefs have a healthy diet from now on.5.As long 竺 you follow my ad vice（只要 你们听从我的建 议)，you will grow up healthily

28、and happily.Yours,Li Huain.语法填空Voyages of people from England play 1.important part in spreading English 2.is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries.All based on British English, the English 3.(speak) in those countries can be well understood by native English speakers

29、.4.(actual) these Englishes have been gradually changing in accents, spellings, 5. (express) and the usages of vocabulary.Because 6.this fact, you can make use of the dilferences 7.(tell) which country the foreigners of your block are from.For example, 8.a boss fluently commands his driver, “Come up

30、 straight to my apaitment by elevator and take some gas fbr my tnicks and cabs，instead of 9.(request), “Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol fbr my lomes and taxis，you can recognize his American identity, while the latter suggests 10.he is British.【语篇解读】英语在传播过程中在发音、词汇、拼写等方面都发生了一些细微的变化

31、，我们可以根据这些语言差异辨别人们的国籍。1 .an 考查固定短语。固定短语play an important part in意为在中起着重要作用,不定冠词an修饰part ,所以要填an。2 .whiclVthat 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是English ,关系代词 which/that指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中作主语。所以要填which/that。3 .spoken 考查非谓语动词。名词the English与动词speak构成被动关系，要用 过去分词短语作定语修饰the English ,所以要填过去分词spoken。4 .Actually 考查副词。本句中使用副词修饰

32、整个句子，所以要填Actually。5 .expressions 考查名词。句中应该使用express的名词形式与accent , spelling 构成并列关系,所以要填expressions。6.of 考查介词短语。介词短语because of后面要跟名词或代词或动名词作宾语， 连词because后面要跟句子表示原因。本句中this fact的前面要用because of。所 以要填介词。f。7.to tell 考查不定式。句子不定式作目的状语说明人们利用语言的差异的目的， 所以要填to1。1.1 f【考查连词。此处引导条件状语从句，所以要填if。9 .requesting 考查动名词。本

33、句instead of的后面要接名词、代词或动名词作宾 语,所以要填动名词形式requesting.10 .that 考查宾语从句连接词。he is British作suggest的宾语,所以要填thato 然什学科素养I .阅读理解AHard work really does pay off.Scientists find that perseverance （坚持不懈）leads to better grades and higher achievements in school.uBeing passionate （热情的）is not enough to ensure academic

34、 success, says researchers, who thought of “courage” as a key to success.This is also regarded as effort in reaching long-term goals, and determination to continue ones efforts in spite of hardships.Researchers think that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill

35、and help ensure their future success.Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2, 000 students from Helsinki.They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16, the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years.Researchers found that the factor that best predict

36、s courage was related to goals, with previous academic achievements playing no role in developing the skill.Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro, who led the study, said, uCourage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily.A key element of courage is high

37、perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being.Our study shows the power of courage.Professor Salmela-Aro also thinks it is important to develop new practices and qualities to improve courage in teenagers.She adde

38、d, u Young people should see everyday school work as part of their life in a broader context and establish achievable goals for themselves.Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks.One must not be discouraged by setbacks t but draw strength and new e

39、nergy from them!【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一项新的研究勇气是获得成功至关重要的因素, 这项研究鼓励学校培养青少年学生要有敢于面对困难，持之以恒实现目标的勇 气。1 .What can we learn about the research?A.It takes at least three years.B.It helps students make progress.C.It makes many discoveries.D.It follows 2, 000 students abroad.答案 A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的They were followed throug

40、h.until the ninth grade in local school years.可知,研究人员密切跟踪参与研究的学生从6年 级一直到9年级，总共研究了近4年的时间，因此选项A正确。故选Ao 2 .What should students do according to the researchers?A.Focus on former grades.B.Achieve their goals.C.Try all their best.D.Forget sadness.答案C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的This is also regarded asin spite of hards

41、hips.可知，研究人员认为尽管有困难，学生们应该有勇气，有决心继续努力 学习。因此，我们可以得知研究人员认为学生们应尽最大努力去尝试。故选C。3 . What does the underlined word setbacks“ in Paragraph 6 mean?A.Strengths.B.Difficulties.C.Weaknesses.D.Efforts.答案B 词义猜测题。根据前文，尤其是第五段中的A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.一句可知 z

42、 学生们要有勇 气,有决心克服困难。结合本句句意，其中的setbacks与选项difficulties意义相 近。故选B。4 .Which is the text probably taken from?A.A picture book.B.A literature book.C.A geography textbook.D.An educational magazine.答案D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一项新的研究勇气是获得成功至关重要 的因素，这项研究鼓励学校培养青少年学生要有敢于面对困难，持之以恒实现目 标的勇气。本文应该是关于教育的。因此选项D正确。BMistakes are a par

43、t of life.To err is human.Failure is also a part of life, not the end of life.Be happy facing lifers challenges.When you make the effort to be happy and to improve your life, you are actually rewarded along the way.Life is like a game and maybe you can award （奖励）points for every effort that has been

44、 a success for you.Try it.Add ten points for every achievement.And when you have reached 50 points, just yell, u Hey, Ive won! ” and give yourself a re ward. If you happen to have missed your points for whatever reason, tell yourself, “ WelL I tried ! which is better than not trying at all.Dont let

45、it be said that you didnt tiy. What is it that you want to make yourself happy? Actually happiness means different things to different people.For example an athlete will be happy winning his first race.For a new mother happiness would be seeing her babys first steps.Happiness for a poor person would

46、 mean having a meal just for today.So happiness for you is really something simple that you want for yourself.It really doesnt have to be big.As a matter of fact, you should always have realistic expectations.Make the best out of every given situation.If you expect a certain result from a situation

47、and it does not happen, dont get despondent.This just means trying harder next time.Vk all have in us the power to succeed.Dont let give up” be a part of your vocabulary.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇充满哲理的小品文。人们在面对失败和痛苦时,应该 采取积极乐观的态度。作者告诫人们要知道“人非圣贤，孰能无过”，要坦然面 对失败和错误，要学会如何去获得快乐和幸福。5.By saying ”To en, is human, the aut

48、hor means that. A.human beings should try to avoid （避免）making mistakes B.no one is perfect （完美的）and everyone makes mistakesC.mistakes and failures make up our lifeD.human beings make mistakes easily答案B 细节理解题。根据文章第一句话Mistakes are a part of life.可知，错误 是人生的一部分。由此可知，作者说“人非圣贤,孰能无过”，意思是没有人是 完美的，每个人都会犯错。故选

49、B。6. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A.Try to reach 50 points.B.Never stop trying in your life.C.Award yourself for your success.D.Dont be afraid of missing your points.答案C 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句及在本段中作者建议人们取得成就的 时候要给自己奖励，没能实现目标时要安慰自己“至少努力过了。由此可知， 本段主要想告诉人们为所取得的成功奖励自己。7 .The author proves his idea in Para

50、graph 3 through.A.examplesB. numbersC.experimentsD.stories答案A |推理判断题。作者首先提出本段中心，然后举例说明。由此判断，作者在本段使用了例证的方法。故选A。8 .The underlined word “despondent“ in the last paragiaph means.A.frightenedB.disappointedC.surprisedD.excited答案B 词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知，此处作者想告诉人们，不要沮丧, 因为这只是意味着下次要更加努力。由此可知，画线词意为“沮丧的，失望的”。故选B。COth

51、er people may have their own ideas about our lives.We can value their advice, but we dont have to take it to heart.Our parents have dreams for us.They want us to do well in school and to do whatever is necessary to reach our highest potential （潜力）.Later in life, friends may try to set us up with the

52、ir ideas of the perfect partner or the perfect job.People close to us may have ideas about how we should live our lives, ideas that usually come from love and the desire for us to be happy.Other times, they come from a place of need within them whether it is a parent who wants us to live out his or

53、her dreams or a friend who wants us to play a good role.Whatever the case, we can appreciate and consider those peoples advice, but ultimately we must follow our own guidance.There may come a time when all the suggestions can become overbearing （专横 fit）. We may feel that the people we love dont agre

54、e on our judgment, which can hurtour feelings.lt can affect the choices we make for our lives by making us doubt ourselves before weve had a chance to decide what we want.We can tell our loved ones how much we appreciate their thoughts and ideas, but that we need to live our own lives and make our o

55、wn decisions.We can explain that they need to let us learn from our own experiences.When they see that we are happy with our lives and the path we are taking to reach our goals, they can make sure that all we need them to do is to share in our joy.语篇解读】 文章主要讲了其他人可能对我们的人生规划有帮助，我们可以考 虑他们的建议，但是我们没必要全部放

56、在心上。B.concern9 .People close to us often tell us ideas to show theirA.powerC.potentialD.happiness答案B 推理判断题。答案定位在第二段中的People close to us may have ideas.for us to be h叩py.由此推断出我们身边的人经常告诉我们一些想法，来表 达他们的关心，故选B。10 .When a friends advice is overbearing, we may feelA.determinedC.doubtfulB. frightenedD.grate

57、ful答案C 推理判断题。答案定位在第三段中的There may come a time when.to decide what we want.由此推断出当朋友的建议过于专横时,我们可能会怀疑。故选C。11 . Wliat should we do if we dont accept our friends advice?A.Tell them our choices directly.B.Let them experience our ways of life.C.Share our own experiences with them.D.Let them know we should make our own decisions.答案 D 细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段中的We can tell our loved ones.and make our own decisions.如果我们不接受朋友的建议，