管理学专业术语(中英文对照)

1、1 .管理与组织导论管理者：(manager)基层管理者：(first-line managers)中层管理者：(middle managers)高层管理者：(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果 effectiveness)“划:(planning)组织：(organizing)领导"leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色“management roles)人际关系角色interpersonal roles)信息传递角色"informational roles)决策制定角色:(descisional

2、roles)技术技能：(technical skills)人际技能：(human skills)概念技能：(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性;(universality of management)2 .管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化：(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理"scientific management)一般行政管理理论”general administrative theory)管理原则：(principles of management)官僚行政

3、组织:(bureaucracy)定量方5去quantitative approach) 组织行为：(organizational behavior) 霍桑研究系统：(Hawthorne studies systems) 封闭系统乂dosed systems)开放系统：(open systems)权变理论：(contingency approach) 劳动力多元化乂workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务：(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织“learning organization) 知识管理"knowledge

4、management) 质量管理:(quality management)3 .组织文化与环境管理万能论：(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论:(symbolil view of management) 组织文化organization culture) 强文化strong cultures)社会化乂 socialization)工作场所精神境界“workplace spirituality) 外部于不境:(external environment)具体环境"specific environment) 一般环境"general envi

5、ronment) 环境的不确定性乂environment uncertainty) 环境的复杂性：(environment complexity) 利益相关群体:(stakholders)4 .全球环境中的管理狭隘主义parochialism)民族中心论"ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论"geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多 国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global company)

6、跨国或无边界组织transnational or boredrless organization)初始全球化组织：(bom globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出 口 exporting)进口 importing)许可证经营：(licensing)许可经营 4franchising)战略同盟：(strategic alliance)合资企业"joint venture)外国子公司“foreign subsidiary)市场经济：(market economy)计戈lj经济：(command economy)民族文化"national culture)

7、5 .社会责任与管理道德古典观点"classical view)社会经济学观点乂socioeconomic view)社会义务4social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任”social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化：(gerrning of management)以价值观为基础的管理：(values-based management)道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点：(ego strength locus of control)道德准则:(code of et

8、hics)社会企业家"social entrepreneur)社会影响管理social impact management)6 .制定决策决策：(decisions)决策制定过程：(decision-making process)决策标准问题：(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性Abounded rationality)满意的承诺升级satisfied escalation of commitment)直觉决策intuitive decision making)结构良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策”p

9、rogrammed decision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策"policy)结构不良问题unstructured problems)非程序化决策：(nonprogrammed decisions)确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格"directive style)分析型风格“analytic style)概念型风格：(conceptual style)行为型风格：(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7 .计划的基础陈述目标“stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略计

10、划：(strategic plans)运营il戈"operational plans)长期计划:(long-term plans)短期 I 卜划：(short-term plans)具体计戈lj“specific plans)方向性计划:(directional plans)一次性 ”划:(single-used plans)持续性计划:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain) 目标管理:(management by objectives)使命 Emission)承诺概念乂comm

11、itment concept)正式计戈lj部门formal planning department)8 .战略管理战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式“strategies business model) 战略管理过程:(strategic management process)opportunities)威胁threats)资源resources)能力”capabilities)核心竞争力：(core competencies)SWOT 分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略“corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth stra

12、tegy)相关多元化related diversification) 非相关多元化：(unrelated diversification) 稳定性战略:(stability strategy) 更新战略renewal strategies) 紧缩战略|retrenchment strategy) 扭转战略乂turnaround strategy) BCG 矩阵:(BCG matrix) 业务层战略：(business strategy) 战略业务单元4strategic business units) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage) 成本领先战略：(cost lead

13、ership strategy) 遵循差异化战略乂differentiation strategy) 聚焦战略：(focus strategy) 徘徊其间stuck in the middle) 战略灵活性"strategic flexibility) 市场先入者：(first mover)9 .计划的工具技术环境扫描：(environment scanning) 竞争对手情报.competitor intelligence) 预测forecasts)定量预测quantitative forecasting) 定性预测乂qualitative forecasting) 标杆比较 be

14、nchmarking)资源resources)预算budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load chart)事件events)计划评审技术：(the program evaluation and review technique)活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径4critical path)盈亏平衡分析breakeven analysis)线性规划"linear programming)项目管理:(project management)脚本scenario)10 .组织结构与设计组织结构设il，:(organazation

15、al structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化：(functional departmentalization)产品部门化：(product departmentalization)地X 部I、J化:(geographical departmentalization)过程部I I化：(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职自昌团队：(cross-functional teams)指挥链乂chain of command)职权：(authorit

16、y)职责:(responsib 讣 ity)统一指挥：(unity of command)管理跨度：(span of control)集权化centralization)分权化decentralization)员工授权：(employee empowerment) 正规化乂 formalization)Hl械式组织:(mechanistic organization) 有81 式组织:(organic organization) 单件生产：(unit production) 大批量生产:(mass production) 连续生产：(process production) 简单结构"

17、simple structure) 职能型结构:(flanctional structure) 事业部型结构divisional structure) 团队结构乂team structure) 矩阵型结构：(matrix structure) 项目型结构：(project structure) 无边界组织:(boundaryless organization) 虚拟组织“virtual organization) 学习型组织"learning organization) 组织结构图organizational charts)11 .沟通与信息技术沟通communication)人际勾

18、通:(interpersonal communication) 组织;勾通:(organizational communication) 信息：(message) 编码:(encoding)解码decoding)沟通过程:(communication process)噪声:(noise)语言;勾通：(nonverbal communication)体态语言：(body language)语调：(verbal intonation)过滤Altering)信息超载：(information overload)积极倾听“active listening)正式沟通:(formal communicat

19、ion)正式沟通:(informal communication)下行沟通：(upward communication)横向沟通lateral communication)斜向沟通(diagonal communication)沟通网络:(communication networks)小道消息：(grape-vine)电子邮件：()即时消息:(instant messaging)音频邮件:(voic)电子数据交换：(electrinic data interchange)电话会议：(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议：(webconfer

20、encing)内部互联网“intranet)外部互联网：(Extranet)实践社区：(communities practive)12 .人力资源管理高绩效工作实务：(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理过程“human resource management process)工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动计划“affirmative action)人力资源规划"human resource planning)职务分析：(job analysis)职务说明书：(job description)职务规范：(job specifica

21、tion)招聘：(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选"selection)效度:(validity)信度"reliability)工作抽样：(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统：(performance management system)书面描述法"written essay)关键事件法"critical incidents)训”分表:去：(graphic rating scal

22、es)行为定位评分法：(behaviorally anchored rating scales) 多人比较:去:(multiperson comparisons)360 度反馈法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬：(skill-based pay)浮动工资:(variable pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰：(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利：(family-friendly benefits)13 .变革与创新管理组织变革：(organizational change)变革推动者：(change agent)组织发展:(organiz

23、ational development)压力:(stress)14 .行为的基础行为：(behavior)组织行为学organizational behavior)员工生产率4employee productivity)离职率(turnover)组织公民行为“organizational citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes)认知彳亍为：(cognitive component)情感成分：(affective component)行为成分：(behavior co

24、mponent)组织承诺:(organizational commitment)组织支持!威：(perceived organizational support)认知失调：(cognitive dissonance)态度调查“attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制：(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪demotion)情绪智力|emotional Intelligence)知觉：(perception)归因理论:(at

25、tribution theory)基本归因错误fundamental attribution error)自我服务偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性：(assumed similarity)刻板印象stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(operant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造"shaping behavior)15 .理解群体与团队群体：(group)形成阶段"forming)震荡阶段"storming)规范阶段:(norming)

26、执行阶段"performing)解体阶段"adjourning)群体思维：(groupthink)地位:(status)社会情化:(social loafing)群体内聚力：(group cohesiveness)冲突"conflict)冲突的传统观点traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际关系观点：(human relations view of conflict) 冲突的交互作用观点：(interactionist view of conflict) 积极冲突：(functional conflict)消极冲突：(disfuncti

27、onal conflict)任务冲突：(task conflict)关系冲突式relationship conflict)过程冲突：(process conflict)工作团队：(workteams)自我管理团队：(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队"cross-functional team)虚拟团队4virtual team)社会网络构造“social network structure)16 .激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论：(hierarchy of needs theory) 双因素理论：(two-factor theory)保健

28、因素hygiene factors)激励因素：(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要Xneed for achievement)权力需要：(need for power)归属需要：(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论"reinforcement theory)强化物：(reinforcerj工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化：(job enlargement)工作丰富化：(job enrichment)工作深度:(

29、job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model) 公平理论“equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平"distributive justice)程序公平：(procedural justice)期望理论“expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)弹性工作制"flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公：(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)

30、员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs)绩效 1：资方案:(pay-for-performance program)股票期权：(stock options)17 .领导领导者Xleader)领导"leadership)行为理论"behavioral theories)独裁型风格:(authoeratic style)民主型风格“democratic style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度initiating structure)关怀维度 consideration)高-高型领导者"high-h

31、igh leader)管理方格managerial grid)权变模型：(contingency model)最对£共事着 可卷：(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire)情境领导理论：(situational leadership theory)成熟度readiness)领导者参与模型"leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者：(transactional leaders)变革型领导者"transformational leaders)领袖魅力型领导者：(charismatic leader)愿景规划型领导：(visionary