广东高考语法填空中长难句结构分析-最新教育资料

1、xx高考语法填空中长难句结构分析纵观近年广东高考试题及各地模拟题,可以发现语法填空中出现了一些结构复杂的句子。也许是命题者想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而考查考生在篇章层面上理解并运用语法知识分析句子结构的能力。从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外,其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从功能来说,英语有三类从句,即 : 名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; 定语从句 ; 状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外）,也可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分 ,构成一个非谓语动词短语。由于非谓语动词和从句的

2、这些特点,使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。这些长难句对考生解题似乎产生一定影响,现将其归类并逐一加以分析。类型一:复合句和并列句有些句子较长,有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句环环相扣的情况,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列、平行。例如 1:（2007 年广东卷） “ Cursing my misfortune, I waswondering where I wasgoing to spend the night whenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto_32_should havethe

3、honorofreceivingmeas a guest in their house. ”全句是一个由when 连接的并列句,并列连词when 意为 “就在这时 ”。前一分句前有作状语的现在分词短语 Cursing mymisfortune分句中还有where引导的宾语从句 ;在第二个并列分句中含有that 引导的宾语从句,而宾语从句中又有一个由who引导的定语从句 修饰villagers;在这个宾语从句中的复合介词 as to （至于）后还接有一个宾语从句。32 空要填的词是引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,指人,所以答案为who。例 2:（2009 佛山二模）InJapan,forexam

4、ple,itisnormalfor the woman to sendchocolates to the man, _37_inKorea April 14thisknownas“ BlackDaytheunfortunate men who received nothing on Valentine s Daygather to eat noand show sympathy for each other.因In Japan, it is与in- Korea April 14th is两句之间没有连词或分号应当填连 词,两句之间是对比关系，故填并列连词while。在后一分句中when（是 的

5、日t候） 引导表语从句,在表语从句中主语the unfortunate men 后接定语从句whoreceivednothing on Valentine 而 sgDaathye, r to eatnoodles and show sympathy for each other 是并列谓语。类型二:复杂修饰成分句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语或非谓语动词短语,且都不止一个。例 3:（2009茂名一模）In Indonesia, where Obamalived_35_a child,hundreds of students at hisformerelemen

6、taryschooleruptedincheerswhenhe36_（declare）winner, pouring into the courtyard_37_they hugged,danced in the rain and chanted“ ObamObama! ”这个句子的主句为 hundreds of students erupted incheers。 这个句子修饰语 很多：地点状语In Indonesia,后跟where引导的非限制性定语从句，对Indonesia 起补充说明作用; 由 when 引导的时间状语从句; 现在分词短语pouringintothe courtyard

7、 作状语,后跟where 引导的定语从句,定语从句中有三个并列的谓语动词。（答案:35.as36.wasdeclared37. where）例 4:（2009肇庆质量检测 ）Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomething_32_（use）,Iapplied,fearing asI did so, that_33_a degree and with no experience ofteaching my chances of getting the job were slim.这个句子的主句为I applied。前面两个并列的现在分词短语 Being v

8、ery short of money and wanting to dosomething 32(use)做原因状语；后面一个现在分词短语fearing作伴随状语,fearing后跟as引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句；在that my chances of getting the job wereslim 这个宾语从句中,两个并列的介词短语without adegreeand with no experience of teaching 在宾语从句中作原因状语。(32. useful33 without)类型三:分隔结构有些句子将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来。考试中

9、出现较多的是先行词与定语从句的分隔,主语与谓语的分隔。例 5:(2007 年广东卷) “ While she was gettingme_34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillage was tying up his horse to my Car to pullitto_35_smalltownsome20kilometersaway_36_therewas a garage. ”由36空(where)弓I导的定语从句与先行词 a small town之间被some 20 kilometers away分隔开了，对解题造成一定难度。(

10、34. settled35. a36. where)例 6:Some are young people_37, for one reason oranother, have left home and have nowhere to live.主句为 Some are young people 先彳亍同 young people后接定语从句 淇中充 当主语的关系代词与从句的谓语被forone reason or another 分割。例 7:(2008 广州二模)Butthelivesoftheancientpeoplewho once lived around thelake and_31_

11、culture wasthoughttobehighlyadvanced,havelongremainedasecret. 句子的主干是 thelivesoftheancientpeoplehavelongremained a secret.在 the ancient people后面带有两个定语从句，一个由who引导，另一个由whose引导，主句的主 语与谓语之间隔着两个定语从句。(31. whose)巩固练习按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。1 .（2009 年广东卷）Besides,shopping at this time

12、oftheyearwasnot_33_pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyour feet or 34（push）you with their elbows（肘部）,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.2 .（2009广州一模）The boy, who had remained silent anddeep in thought on thejourney home,_34_（reply） in away that shocked his father.3 .（2009广州一模）He envied the farmers wh

13、o hadthebeautifulnightstarstogivethemlight35_hisfamilyhadonly expensive lanterns.4 .（2009汕头一模）38he was discouraged or faceddifficult problems he wouldopen the box, take out animaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautifulchild39_had put it there.5 .（2009广州调研）From that day the cat,_40_neverf

14、inished and lost hisplace on the calendar, became theenemy of the rat.6 .（2008深圳一模）Allofasudden,herhandicapwasgoneand all I saw was thisbeautiful girl,_35_smilejustmeltedme_36_almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsense of_37_life is all about.7 .（2008佛山二模）They broke through twoglassdoors,_36_（run）toth

15、emuseum stopfloorandgrabbedthe two paintings fromdifferent rooms,somehow_37_（avoid） nearby guards.8 . But each time you try something,youlearn,and_39_thelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.9 . He got some odd bits of cloth,_38_（make） tworollswiththem,andhadhisearspluggedwiththetwoclothrolls.10 . Many

16、 of them have had a serious disagreement withtheirparentsandhavelefthome,_38_(choose)togotoa city and live on the streets.11 . But now, he will probably look out of the windowor hide behind his newspaper,_32_(leave) the ladystanding33_someone else gets off.12 .There are moments inlife_31_youmiss som

17、eoneso much that you just want to pick them from your dreamsand hug them for real!13 . The custom of crying marriage existed a long timeago in many areas of Southwest China s Sichuan Province,and_32_(remain) in fashion_33the end of the QingDynasty.14 . These visitors from all parts of the countrybro

18、ughtinmoney, butthe rubbish theyleft_36_(draw)more and more rats onto the island.15 .Sonow,_38_Itravel,IalwaysbearinmindwhatI should bring in,_39_I don t want to bring anythingthat is strange,_40_(need) or even dangerous to mydestination.参考答案1. (33. a34. pushed )2. (34. replied.)3. (35. while/becaus