英语被动语态讲解

1、精选文档一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分t构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例 visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时例 all the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3) am/is /a

2、re being done 现在进行时例 a new cinema is being built here 4) was/were done 一般过去时例 i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.5) had been done 过去完成时例 by the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时例 a meeting was being hel

3、d when i was there.7) shall/will be donebe going to be donebe about to be done/ be to be done 一般将来时 例 hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factorycloses.8) shouldwould be done waswere going to be done waswere about to be done2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be +过去分词。例 the baby should be taken go

4、od care of可编辑精选文档by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 he was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 someone caught the boy smoking acig

5、garette. 可改为 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4) 在使役动词have, make,let 以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to 。例 someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 a stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”， “动词副词”等，

6、也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。例 the meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例 i don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 it is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“ be廿过

7、去分词+ that从旬”或“主语 be 过去分词to do sth. ”。有：it is said that 据说 ,it is reported that据报道，it is believed that信， it ishoped that 大家希望 it is well knownthat 众所周知， it is thought that大家认为，it is suggested that例 it is said that the boy has passed thenational exam.（=the boy is said to have passed thenational exam.

8、）三、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“ be+ 过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1 如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 the glass is broken （系表结构）the glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 the door is locked （系表结构）the door has already/just been locked （被动语态

9、）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 the machine is being repaired 被动语态基础练习选择题1.our house,a . is getting paint b . is getting painted c . is got painted d . has got to paint2 .he arrived in beijing, where hehis friend .a . was met by b . was met c . was meeting d . met by3 .th

10、e warin 1937a . was broken out b . had been broken out c . has broken out d . broke out4 .the mistakes in the exercises willthe teacher.可编辑 精选文档 a . cross b . be crossing c . be crossed by d . cross by5 .my brother and i have her birthday party.a . been invited b . been invited for c . invited to d

11、. been invited to6.itthis waya . is had to do b . is had to be done c . had to be done d . has to do1.1 t_this way.a used to do b . used to be done c . is used to do d . is used to doing8. chaplin.a . the child's name was called b . the child's name callsc . the child calls d . the child is

12、named9. the sports meeting.a . is put off b . is to put off c . is to be put off d . puts off10. mary realized shea . was making fun of b . was made fun c . was being made fun of d . was being made fun11. to say a thing in that waya . it is considers wrong b . it is considered wrongc . it is conside

13、red it's wrong d . it is consiedring wrong12. he ordered that the booksat once.a . would be printed b . would print c . be printed d . print13. the storyin china .a . was taken place b . was happened c . took place d . has been taken place14. the housemy parentsa . is belong to b . belong to c .

14、 belongs to d . is belonged to15. heby his teacher.a . happened to see b . was happened to see c . happened to be seen d . was happened to be seen16. great changesin our province.many tall buildings.a . have been taken place, have been set up可编辑 精选文档 b . have taken place, have been set upc . have be

15、en taken place, have been set upd . were taken place, were set up17. the hall'sbut it's not yetwith lamps.a . furnished, finished b . been finished, been furnishedc . being finished, being furnished d . set up, full18. the new hall is the tallest building in this town.from here?a . can it se

16、e b . can it be seen c . can it seen d . can see19. as soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane.a . had already taken off b . already took offc . was already taking off d . was already taken off20. some of the hotels in my hometown.a . have now been rebuilding b . are now rebuildingc .

17、are now being rebuilt d . are rebuilt now21. if city noises from increasing ， people shout to be heard even atdinner a . are not kept； will have tob . are not kept；havec . do not keep； will have tod . do not keep；haveto22. the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are andperfecte

18、d now.a . developed b . have developed c . are being developed d . will have been developed23. - the sports meet might be put off - yes ， it all depends onthe weather a . i've been told b . i've told c . i'm told d . i told24. i need one more stamp before my collection _.a . has complete

19、d b . completes c . has been completed d . is completed25. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe earth in the near future.可编辑精选文档a . cut b . are cut c . are being cut d . had been cut26. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.a . has been designed b

20、. had been designedc . was designed d . would be designed27. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .a . breaks b . has broken c . was broken d . had been broken28. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.a . have been taken place; have been set up b . have take

21、n place; have beenset upc . have taken place; have set up d . were taken place; were set up29. that suit _ over 60 dollars.a . had costed b . costed c . is costed d . cost30. - look! everything here is under construction.- what's the pretty smallhouse that _ for?a . is being built b . has been b

22、uilt c . is built d . is building31. - do you like the material? - yes, it _ very soft.a . is feeling b . felt c . feels d . is felt32. it is difficult for a foreigner chinese a . write b . to write c . to be written d . written33. i have no more letters ， thank you a . to type b . typing c . to be typed d . typed34. take care! don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.a . won't wash out b . won't be washed outc . isn't w