写作逻辑连接词

1、PART 1 逻辑连接词#1.1 让步#1. Although（更）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子注：不能与 but 连用。Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannotthe judgmental strand of justice.用倒装shakeoff2. No matter how/what/who 等= 疑问句+everNo matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意：

2、疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句Whoever（ no matter who）comes will be welcome.3. , as long asYou can do what you want, as long as you like.4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。，表“纵使”Obje/though you may, Ill go。Smallas atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。Loverof towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my

3、 earlycountry life.5. Whetheror 正反两方面，。表“不论。与否”Whether you believe it or not, it's true.You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.6. Be 原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be 动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，。Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system,values

4、 and level of development, those countries or regions are oftendifferent from one another.7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of 尽管. （不能加句子）Despite the fact that + 句子（太累赘）Despite myself, 情不自禁地Her words were so satirical（讽刺的）that I lost my temper in spiteof myself。8. Notwithstanding +sth 尽管But notwithstandi

5、ng its ancient lineage, it is open to the followingchallenge.9. Albeit 虽然即使You are to be given one methodalbeit indirect communication.ofcommunicationwithyourrival,#1.2#SinceAsBecauseFor+句子As a result of sth. =As a consequenceof sth 由于 sth, sth 是。Because ofOwing to sth 介词Thanks to.后面一般是积极性的Byvirtue

6、of sthOnaccount ofBedue toOwe to sth 动词Account for=result in 表示导致Systematic economic forces account for the disastrous loses.Attributeto把。归因于。He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.Sthwould explain why Forthis reason，.Forone reason or another, 由于某种（不具体指明）Histravel article

7、s are always, for one reason or another,fascinating.For one thing, 在众多中指出其中一个A lot of people dont take the time to read contracts. For one thing, theyre often in very tiny print.On this/that account， 由于这个、那个She was divorced, and on that account alone my mother disliked her.The reason why+结果/ that+Gr

8、eed is the reason why they do not deserve the money.#1.3 结果#Accordingly=Consequently+Result in+结果This outcome will result in children starting bullying youngerones.ThusHenceSoThereforeExcessive greed is therefore a vice that discourage if it can.agoodsocietyshouldAssuchAsa result 最终，因此，结果Asa consequ

9、ence/In consequence,.#1.4 目的#SoSo thatShould law be neutral towards competingconceptions of virtue,sothat people can be free to choose for themselves the best way to live?In order thatRegular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained.Todo sth,Toanswer it, we haveto explore th

10、e meaning of justice.Inorder todo sthInorder todetermine worthy ofwho deserves what, we have to determine honor and reward.whatvirtues areFor the sake of sth=For sths sake 为了 sth 的目的I hope youre not doing this just for the sake of the money.For claritys sake, Id like to reword my statement.#1.5 转折#H

11、owever,Yet 轻微转折And yet we worry laws.when judgments about virtue finds theirway intoWhereasConverselyNeverthelessOtherwise, 否则On the contraryInstead,表示对上述方式的完全反转Instead, a just society respects each peoples freedom to choose his or her own conception of thegood life.ContrarilyInverselyContrariwiseOp

12、positely,Instead of sthAs opposed to 表示与前述对象的反转对比The cost of these planes is £3 million, charged by their competitors.as opposed to the£2 millionWhile 引导从句，表明前后情况不同，做个对比Rather than. 并不是、而不、并没有, 前后对等Be honest rather than clever.诚实胜于机巧。This policy might lead them to stay in harms way rather

13、to safety.than fleeRather than press for another.um advantages, people look outfor one#1.6 对比#While 既可以对比相反的东西，也可以对比稍有不同的Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom.On the other hand,By/In comparison/contrast 对比之下Their lives were exciting and glamorous; ours seemed du

14、ll by comparison.The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state shoulddiscourage.Alternatively,提供另一种思路或方法建议In/By comparison with sth 介词This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of comparison with job training.imprisonment inBy comparison with lot.theli

15、velyteenagers,theadultswereajoylessCompared with/to#1.7 类比#Just as/likeSimilarly,Likewise,Identically,Equivalently,As asThey have sacrificed as lost a limb.surely, and as honorably, as those whohaveThe same asTourists find this park previously.justthesameastheonetheyvisitedIn the same way/manner#1.8

16、 递进#FurtherFurthermoreBesides,MoreoverIn addition to sth,In addition to outlining also propose solutions.thecauses of this problem, this essaywillIn addition,Whats moreApart from B其有两个意思，既可以：除了 B（包括 B），也表示：除了 B（不包括 B）Additionally,#1.9 举例#The likes of 就像Such asLikeTheir purchases of necessities like

17、safe lodging are forced.Including, 包括e.g.直接加 sth,中间没有逗号isa case inpoint. 正在点儿上，指例子可以很好地阐述这个观点Hereis a casewhere指出例子Hereis a casewhere the economy as a of fairness.wholeseemedtooutweighconsiderationsTake . as anexample 以。为例In some instances. 在某些情况中For instances,For example,#1.10 假设#IfIf its price is

18、higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.Given/provided/providing+名词/that 从句， 考虑到、假如You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.Its a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question,providing youwell.Only if,唯有，唯一的条件是The rebels say th

19、ey are ready to stop prisoners are released.ing, but only if theOn condition that，以。为前提，只有Should 用于状语从句，表示“万一”，用法与 if 类似，可以在主句前，也可以在主句后；从句动词用原型。This switch can be used to disengage the autopilot system should amalfunction occur in the system.Should it rain tomorrow， the meeting wouldbeput off.#1.11

20、解释，转述#In other words,Prosperity matters, welfare.in other words, becauseitcontributesto ourThat is, that is tosay,i.e.NamelySome groups, namely new tax.students and pensioners, will benefit from theMean that#1.12 并列#AndA as well as B, 强调 as 前的名词或者形容词 A, 不仅 B，而且 AWe must learn to look at problems all

21、-sidedly,seeing the reverse well as the obverse side of things. 强调要看到 reverse 即asnot only A, but also B, 不同上，强调后面 B，不仅 A，而且 BHe is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesmanthana scholar=He is not only a scholarbutalsoastatesman.and.A.as well. 则强调 A#1.13 说明观点#认为/支持/#认为：Argue that.有“争

22、论到”之意，用于对陈述相反观点Some economists argued that the law was misconceived.Believe thatSome believed that the exchange of goods should be governed price.by ajustAcknowledge that.承认，一般表示承认，之后会转折I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage ofhigh efficiency.Maintain thatDefenders of this law maintain that

23、, undercertainconditions, thefreemarket is not truly free.HoldthatManypeople hold that government should beneutralon matters ofvirtue and vice.Insist thatThose who insist that only bleeding wounds that should be count believeClaim that 声称The veterans group claimed that doing so honor.would “debase”

24、thePoint outAs he points out, buyers under duress haveno freedom.Consider(to be).认为。如何Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to murder.beWhereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admission on their merits.Be of the opinion thatI am

25、 of the opinion that car ownership should be discouraged.From aal point of view,.From aal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.Sbs point is that的意思是Platos point is that to grasp the meaning of justice and the natureof the good life, we must rise above from the prejudices of

26、everyday life.and routines#支持：SupportFavor sth/doing sthThe captain favors including mental injuries.Defend sth 捍卫，支持Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as righting past wrongs.away ofAdvocates/defenders/proponents者、支持者Conviction，坚信My firm conviction is that punishment does not has

27、 much of play in this.a roleto#：Argue against.Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.Reject某种观点/行为Jim rejected the notion that these “unconscionable” prices reflected a truly free exchange.A civilized country should reject the torture of terror suspects

28、.The argument for or against sth. 对某话题的支持/观点We should also consider one further argument for this law.Oppose sth/sb/doingA veterans group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.DisagreeCitizens of pluralist societies disagree about such things?Disagree withTherefore I have to disagree

29、 almost entirely with the given statement.Opponents者，是名词Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two arguments for free markets.similarIt is true thatbut用于承认一方后，强调另一方#表示优点缺点advantages and disadvantagesIts advantages overweigh its s and consstrengths and weaknessesmer

30、its and demeritsbenefits and problemsEven if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, thisbenefit has to be weighed against the burden such prices those least to afford them.imposeonOn theplus/positive/negative sideOn thedownsidesth domore good than harmA Outweigh B，A 超出 B，更重要，用以连接上述的优缺点词汇T

31、he possible benefits outweigh the risks involved.#做结论Conclude that.Sowe can conclude that .Inbrief/in summary/Tosummarize#根据According to/Based onAccording to the textbook context, this question divides ancient and modern political thought.#引出话题It is said that据说It seems thatThe focus of is on sth.The

32、 focus of problem.this essay is on the causes of and solutions to thisIn terms of/for/for/withregarding/concerning/ when it comes to sth/asregard to/with respect to 关于、至于，talkingabout/speaking of 比较口语化PART 2 重要句式结构原则：主谓宾是骨头，逻辑连接词是骨头间的韧带，其他修饰词则是肌肉。名词从句=名词What I am proficient in is ancientliterature.T

33、hats where he met me.ThoseThose+adj/ving/ved/to v/介词，代表一类人或物All those eligible will receive a cash handout.The new law clearly benefits those earning the most money.Only 18 percent of those surveyedopposed the idea.I'm goingbe thrownto sort these old books o those to be kept andthose toH

34、ave someconsideration for thosewithout a job.Those+从句 who(人)/which（物）/whose（表归属）/in which（表位置）， Those 相当于一个名词Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in.We must try to find out those which may be attacked most easily.This disease is more likely to strike those whose immune systems arealread

35、y below par.The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed tobe those in which he found his true voice.He who can be a best servant can be a best leader.在句子中，任何名词随时都可以用 ved/ving/介词/形容词来修饰，可以使得单句也有复杂结构，却比定语从句简单疑问词+to+vI am considering how to manage this assignment But who is to judg

36、ewhat is virtue and what is vice?动词分词做定语（ving, ved）,可以替代定语从句His work as a consultant consisted in advising foreign companies onthe siting of new factories.句子，especially+名词或者从句. 这样可以对句子进行更加精确的描述。Members of a competitive team can always keep them motivated, especially when confronted with tough situat

37、ion and fierce competition., if any. (表示如果有的话)State your hypothesis or theory, if any.What, if anything, should the law do about it？Rather, 单独出现表示“更准确的说”Rather, parents should employ a variety of methods to disciplinetheir children.用语. 补充信息，增强节奏感：两种形式：逗号或者横线隔开But in a market society, the economists

38、observed, prices are set bydemand and supply.They are no more “special” or “fair” than other prices that market conditionsincludingthose promoted by a hurricanemay bring about. 补充信息。Higher prices have use of such things 语。the advantages, economists argued, of limiting theby consumers. 转述说的话时，“某某说”可以

39、做Jeff, a pro-marketcommentator writing the book Boston Globe, arguedagainst this law on similar grounds. 对的补充。Many people, including those who support this law, find the virtueargument discomfiting. 包含的对象的具体说明。All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall, a reflection ofobjects they cannever

40、 apprehend. 同位语，用以解释或者补充前面的名词Todo sth 作主语Topunish a veryyoung child is both wrong and foolish.Bydoing sth, 表示做事的方式途径Byproviding incentives for suppliers to produce more of theneededgoods, it do more good than harm.副词开头，句子。节奏感强Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these twoarguments for

41、free markets.similarDoing/To do A is not doing/to do B. 做 A 并不是做 B. 表示从补充对A 的To acknowledge the moral forces of virtue argument is not to insistit must always prevail over competing considerations.特殊的定语从句，介词+which 定语从句与介词的妙用，这需要动词与介词本身就是固定搭配It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities ofc

42、haracters, on which a good society depends.Cannot without没有。就不能。Aristotle maintains that we cannot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of the most desirable of life.way主语倒装句At the heart of the disagreement are rival conceptions of moralcharacter.Underlying the phenomenon

43、 was a profound reason.Sth is not (that)but (that),成分要一致，是。而不是。Thebutpublicsthat theyobjection to the bonuses is not that they reward greedreward failure.Theanswer isthat moral reflection is not a solitary pursuit but apublic endeavor.构词形式：A-： 被 A。的A market-driven societyA knowledge-based economy副词+

44、形容词Financially better-offDo 用于动词前表示强调He did want them to take responsibility for theirfailure.反问，表示强烈语气Couldnt it be argued that 难道不能认为。，How can it be。 怎么可能。What would sth be if如果sth 会怎样？With+ved/ving/to do/sth,动词分词前置或者后置：ved, 句子，vingAwarded the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known bythe most influent

45、ial figure of this year.public, making herConfronted with this situation, we.Socrates suggests that, is fit to rule the cave the darkness where theyhaving glimpsed the sun, only the philosopherdwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes intolive.用虚拟语气（动词用过去式），表示未发生或者假想发生的事儿Let us not forget either that咱们也

46、不要忘记。Let us forget either that traditional products, whether these bemedicines or food, provide employment for local people.PART 3 词组与句子搭配Include but not limited in sthWe welcome potential candidates including but not limited thosehave affluent experience in education.whoBoth.and .(两者都)Now women wor

47、k both before and afterhaving their children.Eitheror（肯定句中标两者选其一，句中表两者都不）Either you or I am wrong.Neithernor（两者都不）Neither he nor she is at home today.The world will little note, nor longremember what we sayhere,butit will never forget what they did here.There is no such thing as xx. 并没有这种叫 xx 的There

48、 is no such thing as a “just price”.Tooto.太。以至于不能。His boss is too hard to gong with.It is worthwhile/worth ones while/worth while doing（=worthdoing）/ to do something(= worthy to do sth).Beworth+名词形式（名词，doing sth）Beworthy to dosth/ of doing sthIftoits price isproduce morehigher, manufacturers will find it worth theirgoods.whileItpoints out amoral argument wort